The assignment content discusses four case studies involving unethical business practices by Nestle, Walmart, Shipbreakers, and Plasma International. The cases highlight how these companies prioritize profits over ethics, leading to negative impacts on society and the environment. From a utilitarian perspective, it is argued that outcomes are what matter most, and one's conduct should be guided by the goal of maximizing happiness and minimizing pain. However, the limitations of utilitarianism are also acknowledged, as it may not always lead to socially acceptable decisions.