Pharmacology Presentation: Vancomycin - Action, Effects & Guidelines

This presentation provides a comprehensive overview of Vancomycin, a glycopeptide antibiotic used to treat severe Gram-positive bacterial infections, including methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). It details how Vancomycin binds to lipid II, inhibiting cell wall biosynthesis, and discusses its efficacy, common adverse effects such as abdominal pain and nausea, and potential nephrotoxicity. The presentation also describes the drug's classification within the SUSMP schedule as a cyclic peptide and offers crucial counseling points for patients, emphasizing adherence to prescribed dosage and completion of the full course to prevent antibiotic resistance. The information is consolidated from various references to provide a clear understanding of Vancomycin's pharmacological properties and clinical considerations. Desklib offers a range of study tools and resources for students.

VANCOMYCIN
DRUG.

TABLE OF CONTENT
 INTRODUCTION
 Details how the drug binds to the molecular target (affinity).
 Illustrate response to drug (efficacy)-uses a humanoid model to describe physiological effects of the drugs.
 Describe SUSMP schedule the drugs belongs in.
 Counselling points/considerations for the patient prescribed the chosen medication.
 CONCLUSION
 REFERENCES

INTRODUCTION
Vancomycin is generally a prescription drug mainlyused to treat or cure various intestinal infectionconditions which may rarely occurs after thetreatment with medications.
This particular condition can cause abdominal painand diarrhea.
Vancomycin can specifically treat only the bacterialinfection within the intestine.

DETAILS HOW THE DRUG BINDS TO THE
MOLECULAR TARGET (AFFINITY)
The drug Vancomycin is generally a glycopeptide that is produced by the Amycolaptopsis orientalis specificallyused to treat sever contamination by Gram-positive pathogens consisting the methicillin-resistant Staphylococcusaureus.
The drug can suppress the cell wall biosynthesis by simply targeting the lipid II, that is the membrane boundedpeptidoglycan precursor.
The structure of heptapeptide aglycon of the vancomycin drug generally binds to the D-Ala-D-Ala of thepentapeptide stem structure within the lipid II.
In addition to this, the third residue of the Vancomycin drug is asparagine, that is not directly involved within thebinding of dipeptide.
In this, asparagine can play an essential role in the recognition of substrate, as the Vancomycin analogue with theasparagine that is substituted by aspartic acid exhibit a decrease in the antibacterial activities.

ILLUSTRATE RESPONSE TO DRUG (EFFICACY)-
USES A HUMANOID MODEL TO DESCRIBE
PHYSIOLOGICAL EFFECTS OF THE DRUGS
The very common adverse effects that are linked with the Vancomycindrug generally appears to be abdominal pain, nausea and hypokalemia.
In general, the incidences of urinary tract infection, insomnia,hypokalemia, peripheral edema, anemia, constipation, vomiting,depression and hypotension are specifically greater within the agegroup of less than 65 age of than in those than that are 65 age group orthe younger adults.
In addition to this, the neprotoxicity consisting the reports of the renalfailure, an elevated blood creatinine, renal impairment as well asvarious other that has occurred with the Vancomycin drug therapy.
The risk of nephrotoxicity has been enhanced within the patients whoare actually greater than 65-years age group.

DESCRIBE SUSMP SCHEDULE THE DRUGS BELONGS IN
The drug can belongs to a organic compound class, called as cyclic peptides. These are generally thecompounds which can involve a cyclic moiety bearing a peptide backbone.
Kingdom: Organic compounds
Super Class: Organic acids and derivatives
Class: Carboxylic acids and derivatives
Sub Class: Amino acids, peptides, and analogues
Direct Parent: Cyclic peptides
Alternative Parents: Aminoglycosides / Phenolic glycosides / Diarylethers / Disaccharides / O-glycosyl compounds /
Alpha amino acids and derivatives / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoids / 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted benzenoids /
Aryl chlorides / Oxanes
Substituents: 1,2-aminoalcohol / 1-hydroxy-2-unsubstituted benzenoid / 1-hydroxy-4-unsubstituted
benzenoid / Acetal / Alcohol /
Alpha-amino acid or derivatives / Amine / Amino acid / Amino acid or derivatives / Amino saccharide
Molecular Framework: Aromatic heteropoly-cyclic compounds
External Descriptors: glycopeptide

COUNSELLING POINTS/CONSIDERATIONS FOR THE PATIENT
PRESCRIBED THE CHOSEN MEDICATION
The patients do not take less or more of theVancomycin drug.
Patients can take the drug with prescription of ahealthcare professional.
The patients must take the Vancomycin drug until itsprescription can be finished or even when the patientcan feel better.
If patient stop or avoid taking the drug, then thecontamination or infection cannot be completelyprevented or cured as well as the bacteria maybecome the resistant towards the antibiotics.

CONCLUSION
From the above presentation, it is concluded that Vancomycindrug is a glycopeptide antibiotic that is used to treat variousmajor but susceptible bacterial infections like methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA) infection.
The drug is poorly absorbed from the gastrointestinal tract,therefore the systemic absorption can occur following the intra-peritoneal administration.

REFERENCES
 Molecular Dynamics Simulation of Atomic Interactions in
the Vancomycin Binding Site, 2021 [Online] Available
through:
https://pubs.acs.org/doi/10.1021/acsomega.0c05353
 VANCOMYCIN, 2021 [Online] Available through:
https://www.rxlist.com/consumer_vancomycin/drugs-condi
tion.htm