Vehicle Anti-Theft Tracking System

The number of stolen vehicles is increasing, highlighting the need for a reliable vehicle anti-theft tracking system. This article discusses the problem, existing solutions, and proposed enhancements. It also explores the use of Arduino, SIM900A, GPS U-BLOX NEO-6M, and Grove V1.2 Relay in the development of the system. With this technology, car owners can have better security for their vehicles.

VEHICLE ANTI-THEFT TRACKING SYSTEM
Name of Student
Institution Affiliation

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VEHICLE ANTI-THEFT TRACKING SYSTEM
Abstract
The number of stolen vehicle is increasing day in day out, and with that there is need for the
development of vehicle anti-theft tracking system which can greatly help in reducing this
problem. Currently the anti-theft systems are very much insecure and that has turned out to be of
great concern in the current societies. All the major cities in the world such as New York,
London and Sydney are prone to these illegal.In the attempt to improve the device, new
enhancements have been included. For example, the fuel pump fuse in a car will be connected to
the devices with a GSM chip made by Arduino. This is essential because a user can stop or
immobilize his or her car that has been stolen. By tracking the location of the car, an arrest can
be made hence recovering the car easily. This will be important for car owners and police
officers so that the rates of car theft are drastically reduced. With the presence of these gadgets.
Car owners in New Zealand and across the world will have security for their cars.

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TABLE OF CONTENT
S
Abstract............................................................................................................................................2
Problem description.........................................................................................................................4
Evidence that the problem is actual from ground............................................................................5
Review of existing solution.............................................................................................................6
Mini GPS Vehicle tracker................................................................................................................7
Mongoose PT890 GPS vehicle tracker............................................................................................8
Proposed solution.............................................................................................................................8
Theoretical research.........................................................................................................................9
Arduino..........................................................................................................................................10
SIM900A.......................................................................................................................................10
GPS U-BLOX NEO-6M................................................................................................................12
Grove V1.2 Relay wired to fuel pump...........................................................................................13
LCD...............................................................................................................................................14
Experimental work and prototype.................................................................................................15
Voltage regulator (LM7805)..........................................................................................................19
I2C OLED:.....................................................................................................................................21
GPS test.........................................................................................................................................23
Conclusion.....................................................................................................................................26
References......................................................................................................................................27

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Problem description
The number of stolen vehicles which are not recovered is rising day in day out. This has been
attributed to the new technologies that have been adopted by the criminals in tracking or hacking
the security systems of the cars. Majority of the stolen cars are being reused in a variety of
purposes. Currently the anti-theft systems are very much insecure and that has turned out to be of
great concern in the current societies. All the major cities in the world such as New York,
London and Sydney are prone to these illegal (Lee, Tewolde and Kwon, 2014)The most popular
SUV which has improved in the development of an in-built tracking system are also prone to
these kinds of illegal activities .Even the major automobiles such as Hyundai, Nissan, Scania
and Ford are also prone to theft of cars even though they have very strong security features, The
figure below shows some of the security systems of the Hyundai automobiles.
Figure 1 Hyundai security systems

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Evidence that the problem is actual from ground
The issue of recovery of vehicles is very crucial since it is increasing annually (Farrell
2015).Various authors who have written about this issue has heighted into details the
significance of the integrated working of the local government and the international co-
ordination teams. The practiced of the kill switches should be greatly encouraged more than the
automobile users. Farrell (2015) also highlighted the significance of the various types of the
anti-theft measures.
As discussed by Shinde, Vemulapalli & Nayak, (2016), the usage of the real time trackers and
the engine locking system can be effective measure for the car theft issue which are
extensively rising daily. These authors have put a lot of focus on the security of the stolen cars
as well as the fuel injection methods There are various types of security applications that are
related to the existing tracking system which requires to be updated frequently so that they are
used to all the anti-theft measures which are actively used by the criminals.
For instance in the year 2015, the car theft in Uruguay was 476.5 cases per 100,000 population.
Even if the rate of vehicle theft in Uruguay fluctuated in the recent years, it tended to increase
through 2004-2015 [period which ended in at 476.5 cases per the 100,00 population in 2015.
(Knoema.net) (Figure 2)

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Figure 2 Statistic of stolen vehicle
Review of existing solution
Each year more than one type of the tracking devices for the stolen vehicles are being developed and at
the same time the GPS tracking unit is the navigation device, this tracking systems are carried by a
person or car which is in motion. The GPS is used to track the movement of the vehicle and at the same
time determine the location of the vehicle. The data which is recorded is either stored within the
tracking unit or it might be transmitted to the device that is connected to the internet by the use of the
cellular. Data tracking software is available for smartphones with GPS capability. In addition
some of the devices are not just for tracking the vehicle but also to control it.
Examples of the devices that mentioned above:
Mini GPS Vehicle tracker
The second type of the car tracker is the mongoose PT890 GPS vehicle tracker. This
device has an essential features such as the ability of a car owner to track his car by the use of
his or her own smartphone. Also, the user has the ability to check the history of the car by
looking at the data presented by the tracker. On the other hand, these reports can be printed and
saved for future references. This device is also very essential because it alerts one about the
speed at which the vehicle is being driven at and most significant , it can be used to

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immobilize the engine with the help of a starter motor,, (Van, 2016). However, the device is
costly with its price being averagely $300 hence limiting many car owners from obtaining it.
Mongoose PT890 GPS vehicle tracker
In the attempt to improve the device, new enhancements have been included. For example, the
fuel pump fuse in a car will be connected to the devices with a GSM chip made by Arduino,
(NZHerald, 2017). This is essential because a user can stop or immobilize his or her car that has
been stolen. By tracking the location of the car, an arrest can be made hence recovering the car
easily, (Sidebottom, 2018). This will be important for car owners and police officers so that the
rates of car theft are drastically reduced. With the presence of these gadgets. Car owners in New
Zealand and across the world will have security for their cars. In a nutshell, increase in
technology leads to the innovation of new gadgets that aim at helping individuals in their day to
day activities. However, to a smaller extent, thieves are also using technology to disable these
gadgets hence evading the dragnet. Car theft as such will still be part of our society.

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Proposed solution
In the attempt to improve the tracker devices, new enhancements can be included. For example, a
relay connected to fuel pump in a car and will be wired to an Arduino with a GSM module and
GPS. This is essential because a user can stop or immobilize the car that has been stolen. By
tracking the location of the car, an arrest can be made hence recovering the car easily,
(Sidebottom, 2018).The idea of using a relay is to be able to install the system in hidden place
unlike the existing tracker system have to be wired with OBD port or to the ignition. Thieves
may be aware of trackers devices and where could be hidden in the vehicle that’s why the relay
is important in this project. This will be important for car owners and police officers so that the
rates of car theft are drastically reduced. With the presence of these gadgets. Car owners in New
Zealand and across the world will have security for their cars. In a nutshell, increase in
technology leads to the innovation of new gadgets that aim at helping individuals in their day to
day activities. However, to a smaller extent, thieves are also using technology to disable these
gadgets hence evading the dragnet. Car theft as such will still be part of our society.
Theoretical research
In this research the Arduino is used in the control of the entire process with a GPS, GSM module
and relay. The KGPS is used for the detecting of the coordinates of the vehicle , and the GSM

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module is used for the sending the coordinates to the users by the SMS and receive messages
from the user .Relay is used for the run down the vehicles by sending the message to the
GSM .And an optical LCD is also used for the purposes of displaying the status of the massage
.We have used the GPS module ubloxNEO6M and the GSM module SIM900A.when we ready
with our hardware after the programming , we can install it in the vehicle and then power it up.
Then we will be required to send a SMS to the system that is placed in our vehicle.
Arduino
The main benefit of the Arduino is that it lowers the cost and it is usually easy to program. In
addition the Arduino is also compatible with all the three operating systems that why it is better
and further information. Arduino is an open source, project, computer hardware and software
company and user community that designs and manufactures microcontroller kits for building
digital devices and interactive objects that can sense and control objects in the physical world.

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SIM900A
SIM900a is a consistent wireless component which is extremely compact that is presented by the
SIMCom Company. The Sim900a is in an SMT type that is complete with the Quad-band
GSM/GPRS unit. The GSM module's design has a formidable single-chip processor that
integrates ARM926EJ-S core and allows one the advantage of small dimensions with solutions
that are also cost-effective (Senthil, 2018). SIM900a engine works GSM 850MHz, DCS
1800MHz, PCS 1900MHz and EGSM 900MHz rates. It supports the CS-1, CS-2, CS-3 and CS4
GPRS coding systems featured in the GPRS multi-slot class 10 (Deshmukh & Diggikar, 2013).
When the module is configured, let’s say with 24mm*24mm*3mm it has the ability to meet all
space necessities in consumer’s applications. The RS232 interface that comes with the modem
allows the user to connect his/her PC and microcontroller with the equivalent chip. It also has an
inbuilt TCP/IP stack that enables the user to connect to the internet via GPRS. The SIM900a
technology is appropriate for use in the M2M interface allowing for SMS, Voice and DATA
transfers (Jawale et al., 2017).
Specification

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Features:
 Low power consumption: 1.5 A (sleep mode)
 SMA female socket, Antenna included.
 Operation temperature: -40°C to +85 °C
 UART TTL (3.3V or 5V) and RS232 level interface
 Control via AT commands (GSM 07.07 ,07.05 and SIMCOM enhanced AT Commands)
 SIM Card Slot (Flip)
• Size: 49mm*50mm
GPS U-BLOX NEO-6M
U-blox NEO-6M is a more complex compacted GPS receiver that has an inbuilt high-
performance GPS chipset which is complete. The module is used in obtaining accurate local
positions, speed and also time info, in addition to that, it also possesses higher sensitivity and
tracing abilities (Mao, Liu & Ji, 2018). It comes with an inbuilt 25*25*4mm ceramic antenna
responsible for providing stronger outpost search capabilities. The U-Blox NEO-6M module

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works by collecting location information, then the data collected is received by a GPS tracker,
which is in turn forwarded to the system's database with the help of a GSM unit through a GPRS
(Lim, 2017).

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Grove V1.2 Relay wired to fuel pump
Relay wired to fuel pump is used for road and personal safety and to prevent the vehicle from
being involved in an accident. If the user send SMS to stop the vehicle it will stop slowly so the
percentage of the car get an accident will decreased.

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LCD
LCD is used in our project to get the feedback from the system and the system is working
properly or not. It also used to display longitude and latitude of the vehicle.
Figure
Experimental work and prototype
Components used:
1- sim900a.
2- u-blox NEO-6M GPS model
3- Grove Relay
4- Jumper wires

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5- SIM card
6- Battery
7- O led
8- Mini Toggle Switch:
9- 10uF 63v Electrolytic Capacitor
10- Diode, 400V 1A, 2-Pin DO-41
11- 7805 Voltage Regulator
POWER
Building our system:
For the power we using 12v battery and our components require 5v to operate. So we have to
include voltage regulator circuit and the components we need for this circuit are:
Diode:
The diode can be used as a voltage regulator, rectifiers, signal mixers, oscillators and the
signal modulators. The main property of the diode is its tendency to conduct electric current
only in one direction. (Margaret Rouse, WhatIs.com).
Specification:
 Diode Configuration: Single
 Number of Elements per Chip: 1
 Maximum Continuous Forward Current: 1A

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 Peak Reverse Repetitive Voltage: 400V
 Mounting Type: Through Hole
 Package Type: DO-41
 Diode Technology: Silicon Junction
 Pin Count: 2
 Diode Type: Silicon Junction
 Maximum Forward Voltage Drop: 1.1V
 Diameter: 2.72mm
 Dimensions: 2.72 (Dia.) x 5.2mm
 Height: 5.2mm
 Maximum Operating Temperature: +175 °C
 Peak Non-Repetitive Forward Surge Current: 30A
 Minimum Operating Temperature: -55 °C
 Peak Reverse Current: 50μA
2x Capacitor (10uf):

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A capacitor, or cap, is an electronic component that can take up, store, and discharge
electrical energy. ( Crutchfield's Buck Pomerantz).
Package: Radial, 5x7mm
Manufacturer: LCSC
Capacitance: 10uF
Tolerance: ±20%
Voltage – Rated: 63V
Size (mm): 5x7
Lead Spacing (mm): 2
Operating Temperature: -40 ~+105℃ ℃
Lifetime @ Temp: 1000Hrs@105℃
Voltage regulator (LM7805).
A voltage regulator is used to regulate voltage level. ( Tarun Agarwal Sep 13, 2016)
7805 Regulator Features:

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 Minimum Input Voltage is 7V
 Available in TO-220 and KTE package
 Operating current(IQ) is 5mA
 Internal Thermal Overload and Short circuit current limiting protection is available.
 Maximum Input Voltage is 25V
 Junction Temperature maximum 125 degree Celsius
 5V Positive Voltage Regulator
We did use this voltage regulator circuit to provide us with 5V, 1A to operate the main
components.

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First wire the same900a with the Arduino that consists of two parts. The first part is the serial
communication that will communicate between the Arduino and the sim900a module. The serial
communication is consists of two wire that are TX and Rx which is transmitting and receiving.
TX pin from the sim900a connect to the Arduino pin 2 and the RX connected to the pin 3 and
then we insert the antenna to boost the signal. The power cable consists of five voltage and
ground. Connect the 5v to the 5v of the breadboard and the ground to the ground in the
breadboard.

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This GPS module can be powered up using three to five voltage. The GPS module consists of
two parts wired to the Arduino. First Rx which is connected with pin 1 and the TX is connected
with pin 0 of the Arduino.
I2C OLED:
The display powered from the breadboard 5v and the connections from the display:
 SCL To Arduino pin A5
 VCC To breadboard 5v
 GND To breadboard GND
 SDA To Arduino pin

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The relay consists of two parts wired. First part contains (red-black-yellow)positive, negative and
(SIG,NC) Signal,Normal-Close, which will be connected to Digital pin 5. The second part
contains two terminals to connect the wire of the (van = fuel pump) through it, to control it by
the Arduino

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GPS test
What is GPS:
The Global Positioning system refers to a satellite-based navigation system which is made up
of at least 24satellites.The Global positioning system has the ability to work in any weather
conditions ,24 hours a day, anywhere in the world, with no set up charges or subscription fee.
How GPS works:
The Global positioning system moves around the earth twice in a day .Each of the 24 satellites
transmits a unique signal and the orbital parameters which allows the GPS device to decode and
calculate a user’s exact location. Mainly the GPS receiver measures the distance to each satellite
by the amount of time it takes to receive the transmitted signal. With the distance measurements
from a few more satellites, the receiver can be able to determine a user’s position and display it.
An antenna is required to use the module for any kind of communication. So, the module comes
with a patch antenna having -161 dBm sensitivity.

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The NEO-6M GPS module has total 4 pins that interface it to the outside world. The connections
are as follows:
GND is the Ground Pin and needs to be connected to GND pin on the Arduino.
TxD (Transmitter) pin is used for serial communication.
RxD (Receiver) pin is used for serial communication.
VCC supplies power for the module. You can directly connect it to the 5V pin on the Arduino.
Connection of Arduino UNO and GPS module
Connect the four pins from UBLOX to an Arduino as follows:
 Ublox – Arduino
 TX - Digital pin (10)
 RX - Digital pin (11)
 GND - GND
 Vcc - 5V
It can easily connect it to an Arduino or any 5V logic microcontroller without using any logic
level converter. There is an LED on the NEO-6M GPS Module which indicates the status of
Position Fix. It’ll blink at various rates depending on what state it’s in:
 No Blinking – It’s searching for satellites.
 Blink every 1s – Position Fix is found (The module can see enough satellites).

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The real life system
Current pass throw the fuse is around 40 A. so it is too much high. You have to get the right
relay.
Conclusion
In conclusion, the criminals who are engaged in the stealing of vehicles are coming up with new
technologies to ensure that the stolen vehicles are not recovered. Due to that Annually more than
one type of tracking devices for stolen cars are produced and the GPS tracking unit is
navigation device, usually carried by a moving vehicle or person which uses the GPS to
track the movement of the device and it is able to determine its location. In this research the
Arduino is used in the control of the entire process with a GPS, GSM module and relay. The

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KGPS is used for the detecting of the coordinates of the vehicle , and the GSM module is used
for the sending the coordinates to the users by the SMS and receive messages from the
user .Relay is used for the run down the vehicles by sending the message to the GSM .And
an optical LCD is also used for the purposes of displaying the status of the massage .
References
Lee, S., Tewolde, G., & Kwon, J. (2014, March). Design and implementation of vehicle tracking
system using GPS/GSM/GPRS technology and smartphone application. In Internet of
Things (WF-IoT), 2014 IEEE World Forum on (pp. 353-358). IEEE.
Mukhtar, A., Xia, L., & Tang, T. B. (2015). Vehicle Detection Techniques for Collision
Avoidance Systems: A Review. IEEE Trans. Intelligent Transportation Systems, 16(5),
2318-2338.

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Shinde, S., Vemulapalli, S., & Nayak, D. (2016). Development of antitheft module with
real-time tracking and engine locking system for vehicle. International Journal of Control
Theory and Applications, 9(39), 217-222
Deshmukh, A. G., & Diggikar, A. B. (2013). Review Paper on Fault Detection for UPS System
Using GSM.
Jawale, P. P. R., Ghayal, M. V., Shende, D. M., Ghogale, M. S., & Nagare, M. V. (2017).
Prepaid Energy Meter using Arduino and GSM Module. Int. J. Res. Advent Technol, 6,
159-164.
Lim, H. J. (2017). Human Tracking System with Energy Harvesting From Piezoelectric
Material (Doctoral dissertation, UTAR).
Mao, K., Liu, F., & Ji, I. R. (2018, July). Design of ARM-Based Solar Tracking System. In 2018
37th Chinese Control Conference (CCC) (pp. 7394-7398). IEEE.
Senthil, P. (2018). Effective Monitoring of Temperature and Humidity in Real-Time Wireless
Sensor Method of Processor and System Architecture. Asian Journal of Science and
Applied Technology, 7(1), 36-43.