Victim and Victimology

This report explores the concept of victimology and its impact on victims of crime. It discusses existing literature related to victim behavior and the psychological effects of crime. The report also examines the existing laws and policies related to domestic violence and suggests ways to improve the experience of victims.

Victim and victimology
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Part 1 existing literature related to chosen area of focus.............................................................3
Part 2 victim orientated existing policy, laws, criminal justice of domestic violence.................3
Part 3 how experience of victim crime could be improved.........................................................3
CONCLUSION ...............................................................................................................................3
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................4
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INTRODUCTION
In present times, there is rise in crimes in UK. It is due to many reasons such as change in
behaviour of people, poverty, rise in use of drugs, etc this is leading to engage in crime by
people. However, youngsters are usually more engaged in crimes. There are various types of
crime which occurs such as domestic violence, hate crime, and others. Crime has become a part
of society. The vulnerable are those who is highly suffering from it. (Walklatse, Maher and
Beavis, 2019)
In this report it will be explained about a case study of domestic violence and existing policy,
laws etc related to it. Moreover, it will be described about how experience of victim can be
improved.
Part 1 existing literature related to chosen area of focus
It is necessary to understand crime so that victim psychology and behavior is identified.
Victimology is study of behavior of criminal activity and rational of why it was undertaken.
Also, it is study of understanding relationship between victim and psychological effects of crime
on victim. There are many types of crime which is done. For each crime there is different
behavior and situation behind it. However, victim experience also differ in those crime. Besides
that, there are various types of theories related to victimology which is applied. They are useful
in analyzing relationship between effect of crime and victim behavior.
It is stated by domestic violence is a type of violence which includes sexual, psychology,
economic, or physical violence committed by family member on another. Usually, family
domestic violence is included in this where a partner may commit it on another one or children
elder, youngster, etc in UK this is basic crime which is being observed. There are many cases in
which domestic violence is due to intake of drugs, it has resulted in rise in cases of divorce.
Furthermore, in this crime there is a great impact on women as men beat them. In many cases it
is found that women does not report them as they are afraid of consequences of case on children.
(Takahashi and James, 2018)
So, In routine activity theory it is stated to be engaged in crime there are three criteria which
must be included in it. They are offender, absence of guardian and target. Also, theory state
there is no role of external factor in crime but lifestyle of person plays significant role in it. This
means that in daily life a person who is involved more in criminal behavior then more likely he
or she engage in crime. Moreover, in theory it is specified that gender also play vital role in
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crime. Here, men is having a more risky lifestyle as compared to women so they are More
involved in criminal activity. But on other hand, women life is structured so they remain away
from such thing. Apart from it, in teenage most crime occurs as they are having unstructured
lifestyle and more responsibility. In theory it is stated that people who stay away from home are
more involved in criminal activity
However, the lifestyle theory state people get involved on crime as their lifestyle increases
exposure to criminal offenders. This means that those people who are having risky lifestyle such
as homeless, drug users etc are exposed to have involved in crime. Similarly, domestic violence
also occurs due to lifestyle theory. In this people are facing serious issues and consume drugs
result in matter of physical violence between couple. Moreover, lifestyle brings change in
behavior and it leads to violence. ( Clevenger, Navarro and Higgins, 2018)
The deviant place theory state that victim who visit dangerous places are more likely to be
exposed for crime and violence. They does not motivate crime but are victim prone as they
reside in areas which are socially disorganized within society. This is because in those areas
there is high chances of coming in contact with criminal which can highly influence on their
lifestyle and behavior of people. Other than this, the victim precipitation theory says that some
people may initiate confrontation which results in death. In this victim impulsivity is included.
Part 2 victim orientated existing policy, laws, criminal justice of domestic violence
For every crime there are several laws and policies which can be applied and used by victim to
get justice. The laws are different in various countries but it gives right to victim to claim for
justice. In UK there are some laws and policies related to domestic violence. It protects victim
from it. Similarly, in case of Lisa certain domestic violence laws and policies can be applied
here. She can get justice as per that law or policy. They are defined as (Gladchi, 2019)
Domestic violence act 2004- it is an act concerned with criminal justice and providing legal
protection to victim. There is provision of trail without jury and bring in new trial in case of
death of child or adult due to domestic violence.
There is a policy as well of it in UK which An HMPPS Policy Framework for working with
domestic abuse that takes account of a range of domestic abuse contexts and the need to protect
victims and children. It provide a framework of related to financial activity. They are
It applies to all staff working in it and managing public money.
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Domestic violence protection order- this order is issued by police or magistrate Court in which kt
help in protecting in from further abuse. So, if perpetrator does not follow that order in that case
he or she can be arrested. The order is relevant up to last 28 days. (Petherick, 2019)
Domestic violence disclosure scheme- it will help in finding out info from police about domestic
violence of partner history. So, it helps in protecting it from domestic violence. hen, a hearing
date is fixed where both lawyer are present in court. Generally, time for notice is 30 days.
Thus, these all are the laws and policies which helps in protecting domestic violence against
people. It has been formed in context of both victim and culprit. This provide right to police as
well to take any action if relevant. Other than this, time is given to analyse how investigation is
to be done and how. Furthermore, many new reforms will be added as well in policies and laws.
It will make entire process flexible and easier in reporting of domestic violence. Moreover, state
and local government will be given power and authority to take legal action against it. Through
this, it will be easy to ensure that cases are reported and follow up is taken in effective way. It is
necessary for UK to make certain change in policy and laws so that people are provided more
legal support when needed. It will help in decrease in case of domestic violence. This will be
easy to relate it with victimology and understanding relationship between psychology affect on
victim and experience. Thus, focus is to be made on use of policy and law in those cases. It will
be easy to evaluate things and do further processing as per law. Apart from it, with use of it
victim will be able to get justice. Also, there will be fast and quick reporting of case and
according action taken. Therefore, there will be less impact of domestic violence on victim.
In this case it is observed that Lisa and her children are victim of jamal who is doing physical
and psychological violence on them. So. Lisa can use some policies and take help of law for
legal action against her husband jamal. It will support and suggest them what she should do and
how.
Part 3 how experience of victim crime could be improved
In this case it has been described that Lisa was facing domestic violence from her
husband jamal. Due to financial problem Jamal was upset and he thought that Lisa was spending
money without his permission and on useless things. Therefore, several times he started beating
Lisa in front of their children. Moreover, Jamal also beat Barry when Lisa came late. Thus, from
case study it is identified that victim are Lisa and her children. So, they are suffering from
domestic violence. It is essential to improve their behavior so that children growth is not
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impacted. Therefore, Lisa experience can be enhanced by providing her social and financial
support. This will enable in fulfilling her as well as children needs. For her social worker or a
specialist can help in overcoming this drastic experience of violence. They will support and
suggest them what she should do and how. Besides that, social worker can also help in ensuring
Lisa that children needs are fulfilled. With this, Lisa can participate or engage in social activities
and make new friends. By sharing things with social worker Lisa can feel relaxed. She can act
according to advise provided by them. By living in separate social care center Lisa can domestic
violence experience can be improved. She can be provided a new environment and social support
so that overall incident is forgotten. Other than this, Lisa can live it with her children in care
home. This will be highly useful in engaging her children in various activities where she is able
to cope up with experience faced. In that centre as well she can be given training on how to deal
with jamal behavior in such cases. (Fohring, 2018)
Furthermore, the experience of barry can be improved by keeping them with her relatives or in
social care center. This will provide a new environment to barry and tamara. They both will be
provided social support as well. Furthermore, by keeping them at center it will allow them to
communicate and play with other children. They will be able to learn new things and study as
well. It will bring change in their surrounding as both children will make friends, play and learn
with them etc However, they will express feeling and opinions with others. So, by providing a
complete new environment to children their experience can be enhanced.
Legal action can be taken against jamal so that he does not do any such type of physical violence
on his children and wife. This will be highly useful in providing a better environment to Lisa to
spend some alone time with her children. (Gladchi, 2019
CONCLUSION
Hereby, it is concluded that victimology is study of crime and psychological impact of
crime on victim. This helps in understanding behavior and affect on mental health. There are
various theories related to it such as lifestyle theory, deviant theory etc Moreover, there are
various laws and policies of domestic violence in UK such as domestic violence act 200 an
HMPPS framework, domestic violence protection order, disclosure scheme. Besides that, Lisa
experience can be improved by providing her help of social worker and support. This will enable
in giving a new environment for her to get engage with others.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
Clevenger, S., Navarro, J.N. and Higgins, G.E., 2018. Understanding victimology: an active-
learning approach. Routledge.
Fohring, S., 2018. What’s in a word? Victims on ‘victim’. International Review of
Victimology, 24(2), pp.151-164.
Gladchi, G., 2019. Criminological victimology: theoretical, methodological and applied
problems. Criminology.
Johnson, D.S., 2017. The status of green criminology in victimology research. McNair Scholars
Research Journal, 10(1), p.8.
Petherick, W., 2019. Forensic Victimology Assessments in Child Abuse and Neglect Cases.
In Child Abuse and Neglect (pp. 135-149). Academic Press.
Sarkin, J., 2019. Why victimology should focus on all victims, including all missing and
disappeared persons. International Review of Victimology, 25(2), pp.249-270.
Takahashi, Y. and James, C., 2018. Victimology and Victim Assistance: Advocacy, Intervention,
and Restoration. SAGE Publications.
Walklate, S., 2017. Victims and Victimology. The Wiley‐Blackwell Encyclopedia of Social
Theory, pp.1-2.
Walklate, S., Maher, J. and Beavis, K., 2019. Victim stories and victim policy: Is there a case for
a narrative victimology?. Crime, media, culture, 15(2), pp.199-215.
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