Project Management Methodology: PRINCE2, Scrum, Agile, Spiral, and Lean

The paper mainly reflects on different types of project management methodology. According to Sanjuan and Froese (2015), a project methodology is defined as one of the models that is utilized by a project manager for employing project design, planning, implementation of the project objectives. It is found that there are a lot of project methodologies which are used as per the project characteristics. In this paper, different types of PM methodologies including PRINCE2, SCRUM, Lean, agile as well as spiral methodologies are elaborated. Additionally, the project analyzes the important PM methodology for managing different types of projects.

Victorian Institute of Technology Pty Ltd
ABN: 41 085 128 525 RTO No: 20829 TEQSA ID: PRV14007 CRICOS Provider Code: 02044E
Project management: Project management methodology
Name of the Student
Name of the University
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Victorian Institute of Technology Pty Ltd
ABN: 41 085 128 525 RTO No: 20829 TEQSA ID: PRV14007 CRICOS Provider Code: 02044E
Table of Contents
1. Introduction.......................................................................................................................................................3
2. Project management methodologies................................................................................................................3
2.1 PRINCE2.......................................................................................................................................................3
2.2 Scrum...........................................................................................................................................................3
2.3 Agile.............................................................................................................................................................4
2.4 Spiral method..............................................................................................................................................4
2.5 Lean method................................................................................................................................................5
3. Description of selecting PRINCE2 in comparison to other methodologies........................................................5
4. Conclusion.........................................................................................................................................................6
Bibliography..........................................................................................................................................................7
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Victorian Institute of Technology Pty Ltd
ABN: 41 085 128 525 RTO No: 20829 TEQSA ID: PRV14007 CRICOS Provider Code: 02044E
1. Introduction
The paper mainly reflects on different types of project management methodology. According to
Sanjuan and Froese (2015), a project methodology is defined as one of the models that is utilized by a project
manager for employing project design, planning, implementation of the project objectives. It is found that
there are a lot of project methodologies which are used as per the project characteristics. In this paper,
different types of PM methodologies including PRINCE2, SCRUM, Lean, agile as well as spiral methodologies
are elaborated. Additionally, the project analyzes the important PM methodology for managing different types
of projects.
2. Project management methodologies
2.1 PRINCE2
PRINCE2 is considered as one of the acronyms for projects in controlled environment. It is defined as
one of the process related method that are helpful in managing the entire project quite successfully. The
different types of key features of PRINCE2 mainly focuses on the business justification that further defines the
structure of an organization for the entire team of the project that generally utilizes product-based approach
(Murillo, Gomez and Jimenez, 2018). PRINCE2 helps in providing proper control over the different resources of
the project and excels at properly managing the business as well as project related risks quite effectively. It is
stated by Oliveira, Tereso and Santos (2019) that PRINCE2 methodology generally helps in breaking the project
into a number of stages such that it can be monitored closely with the help of step by step method from the
starting of the project. This further helps in decreasing the chances of project related spiralling out of control
and further revise it in order to keep the entire project on track.
According to Mousaei and Javdani (2018), the PRINCE2 methodology is considered as one of the
methodologies that helps in standardizing different aspects of the project for ensuring that there is no chances
of misdirection or miscommunication within the project. It is found that a standardized document helps in
guaranteeing everyone who are mainly involved within the project. In addition to this, PRINCE2 methodology
are also helpful in controlling the different stages of the project. The various activities that are included within
the process generally includes proper authorization of the work package with the project team as well as
reviewing of the project status. One must need to review as well as compare the progress of the project plan
such that the issues as well as risks that are associated with the project can be able to resolve the problems.
On the other hand, it is opined by Vanickova (2017) that when something gets changes within PRINCE2 project
then it would take proper time for the entire project so that they can adapt within the entire process that is
found to be cumbersome with different types of documentation that is required to be amended effectively.
2.2 Scrum
According to Vogelzang, Admiraal and van Driel (2019), Scrum is one of the agile procedures that is
helpful in managing complex knowledge related work with proper emphasis on the software development.
This PM methodology helps in allowing one to effectively focus on the business value delivery in a very much
shortest time. It further helps in emphasizing accountability, interactive progress as well as teamwork. In
addition to this, it is found that the Scrum framework generally deals with a number of facts that the project
requirements can likely to change or it is not clear at the initiation of the project. It is stated by Mollahoseini
Ardakani et al. (2018) that the print helps in allowing proper development such that it further helps in saleable
product within the project. This type of delivery system is helpful in shortening the time for marketing such
that it further helps in increasing revenue such that the completed backlog generally helps in representing new
release of the product. Moreover, proper review of each of the sprint helps in ensuring that testing is properly
conducted within the entire procedure such that it further allows the team to properly change within the
project scope at any point.
It is opined by Naz, Khan and Aamir (2016) that SCRUM methodology helps in providing a number of
benefits to the project team along with proper assistance to the various individuals. As an empirical software
related strategy, the SCRUM methodology helps the project team in understanding the function and
additionally helps in faster delivery of the projects. SCRUM helps in providing a proper chance for the
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members within the project team for becoming very much creative within the entire project. Moreover, the
advantages that is mainly reflected using SCRUM are helpful in proper product development that further made
it one of the most efficient as well as appropriate software that is present for successful development of
complex projects. On the other hand, it is stated by Acosta, Espinosa and Espinosa (2015) that it is quite
difficult for the Scrum master to properly plan, organize as well as structure a project that generally lacks clear
definition. Moreover, frequent changes as well as uncertainty that are related with the nature of the finished
product are generally helpful for intense life cycle of the project. Moreover, the daily meetings as well as
require review generally needs proper substantial resources.
2.3 Agile
According to Patwardhan et al. (2016), agile methodology is a methodology that general helps in
properly promoting the interaction for proper development as well as testing in the software development
within the project. It is found that both developments as well as project activities which are very much
concurrent unlike other waterfall methodologies. It is considered as one of the procedures that is used by a
project team for managing the project after breaking the project stages and involving proper collaboration
within the project stakeholder at each stage of the project. In addition to this, the agile methodology generally
starts with the clients and it further describes the product that will be used and what type of problem that will
be resolved by the project. It is stated by Peroni (2016) that in agile development, the testing is mainly
integrated during the lifecycle of the project that helps in reflecting that regular check-up with the help of this
methodology is helpful in reflecting that the project is working during the development which further enables
that the project owner can generally make different types of changes if they want or if they are aware about
any type of issues and challenges. With the help of agile methodology, the working functionalities to the
customer in each of the sprint are properly reviewed. It further helps in delivering different types of products
for marketing quickly and after every release of the project.
It is opined by Judd and Blair (2019) that agile methodologies are generally helpful in eliminating the
chances of the project failure and are helpful in generating revenue that further allows the organization to pay
for the specific projects that have very much little up-front expenses. On the other hand, it is opined by
Mahadevan et al. (2015) that as agile is mainly based on the idea about which the project does not have
proper idea then it is quite challenging to predict efforts like time, resources as well as cost that are needed at
the starting of the project. Moreover, it is quite difficult to progress with the project if the agile project team
members have limited documentation. Furthermore, the agile generally needs minimal planning at the starting
phase of the project when the project has unexpected functionality.
2.4 Spiral method
According to Alalm, Nasr and Ookawara (2016), spiral method is defined as one of the combinations of
prototype model that is mainly utilized for large projects that further involves proper enhancements. It is
found that there are a number of activities which are mainly done in iterations when the output is small. The
development team who are associated with this specific model generally helps in setting proper requirement
and generally goes through each of the development phase for those specific set of project requirements. In
addition to this, the software engineering team helps in adding functionality for the various types of
requirements in enhancing spirals until the entire application is ready for the entire production phase. It is
stated by Zhou, Tang and Ding (2018) that the main advantage of using the spiral model is that it helps in
determining high amount of the risk analysis such that the risk avoidance gets enhanced. In addition to this, it
is found that this specific methodology is quite appropriate for critical project and additionally found to be
quite suitable for the projects that have high risks such that the business needs must be remain unstable.
It is opined by Smaili, Li and Massoud (2015) that the advantage of spiral model is that it helps in
allowing the elements of the products to get added in when they are generally available. This helps in ensuring
that there is no conflict with the previous requirement as well as design of the project. This particular method
is considered to be consistent with the approaches that generally have multiple software which builds as well
as gets released and further helps in orderly transition. Another important aspect of this methodology is that it
mainly forces on early user involvement within the system for the development of the effort. Additionally, it is
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ABN: 41 085 128 525 RTO No: 20829 TEQSA ID: PRV14007 CRICOS Provider Code: 02044E
stated by Alalm, Nasr and Ookawara (2016) that it is quite difficult to handle the spiral method and the
procedures which are utilized are also quite complex. This method generally goes indefinitely and it is not
found suitable for small as well as low projects that are expensive for small projects.
2.5 Lean method
According to Cohen and Decker (2017), lean is one of the business methodologies that helps in
promoting the flow of value to the customer with the help of two guiding tenets. It is found that there are a
number of advantages of using lean methodology within the project. The lean development generally helps in
getting rid of various types of unnecessary stages within the process of designing software effectively. It
generally helps in making the entire process of development very much cheaper as well as faster by properly
saving the most important resources including both time and money (Neelakantan, 2018). In addition to this,
it is very much important for preventing losses that are mainly associated with overproduction. In addition to
this, lean methodology is quite helpful in increasing the team involvement rate as people are one of the
important key values of lean development-based methodology. It is considered as one of the important
participations that further helps in preventing losses as well as helps in optimizing the entire workflow.
It is stated by Rutman et al. (2015) that application of lean methodology helps in eliminating different
types of tasks that further assists in adding no value to the user and that is generally referred as waste. Proper
collection of unused data as well as production of different types of unnecessary materials are helpful in
locating equipment’s as well as tools. In addition to this, removal of these types of processes are helpful in
driving the productivity that means the workplace only get engaged in various activities that can provide
benefit to the different customers. On the other hand, it is opined by Reis, Stender and Maruyama (2017) that
with the help of different types of streamlined processes, one needs to be able to meet various types of
demands of the customers. As there are a number of lean tools, it become quite easy to solve the problems
that generally arises for minimizing the downtime that mainly occur within the project. When quality-based
problem occurs then the lean methodology helps in equipping one with the various problem-solving tools as
well as techniques that are generally applied in order to determine the root cause. Moreover, the error
proofing is helpful in strengthen the processes as well as preventing the recurrences that are mainly associated
with the problem. Furthermore, the application of lean methodology is helpful in removing non-value based
adding steps that further helps in reducing time and properly meeting the demands.
3. Description of selecting PRINCE2 in comparison to other methodologies
After showcasing the benefits of different PM methodology, it is found that PRINCE2 methodology is
best. According to Mousaei and Javdani (2018), PRINCE2 methodology mainly breaks each of the stage of the
project into stages that needs to be monitored with the help of step by step method. This further helps in
minimizing the chances of project spiralling out of control as well as revising the project for keeping the entire
project on the intended goal whereas no other PM methodology can be able to break the project into stages
and can manage it successfully. In addition to this, a project is mainly considered to be successful when it
generally helps in delivering proper quality of the project. This methodology is also helpful in effectively
standardizing each of the aspect of project for ensuring that the entire project does not get miscommunicated.
It is stated by Vanickova (2017) that both time and money generally get saved while using PRINCE2
methodology and thus it further helps in encouraging minimum number of meeting which are mainly
commenced at different project stages.
Moreover, when PRINCE2 methodology gets properly revised such that input from PM professional
are mainly considered that further helps in ensuring that there is no stray from the lessons which are learned
within the PM industry. It is analyzed that PRINCE2 methodology is found to be suitable as well as preferred
out of all the methodologies because PRINCE2 is quite free to use (Oliveira, Tereso & Santos, 2019). It is found
that there are no licensing related fees that is mainly attached and the methods that are used are helpful in
negating the various requirement of the organization for developing their own PM methodologies.
Furthermore, PRINCE2 methodology is helpful in separating different phases of the project for successfully
managing the project however it is identified that separation of PRINCE2 methodology is not suitable. It is
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further analyzed that PRINCE2 methodology generally reviews each step of the project lifecycle for ensuring
the feasibility of the project for delivering value to the entire organization.
4. Conclusion
It can be concluded from the entire paper that the project methodologies must be selected by
considering different project factors and project characteristics. It is found that there are a number of project
methodology including agile, lean, PRINCE2, SCRUM as well as Spiral methodologies which are used in project
as per the requirement and characteristics of the project. However, after proper analysis of advantages and
disadvantages of all the project methodologies, it is found that PRINCE2 methodology is best suitable. This is
because PRINCE2 methodology mainly breaks each of project stages so that it can be monitored effectively
and in addition to this provides other benefits that no other methodology can provide.
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