Literature Review on Destination Management and Tourism

This literature review assignment requires students to analyze a collection of academic articles and books related to destination management and tourism. The sources include studies on visitor attraction management, dark tourism, food management in tourism, government websites promoting culinary tourism, human resources management in the tourism industry, and more. Students are expected to synthesize the information and identify key themes, concepts, or methodologies relevant to the field of destination management and tourism.

Visitors Attraction
Management

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
TASK 1............................................................................................................................................1
1.1 Discuss the overlap of visitor attractions in relation to particular types of attractions....1
1.2 Importance of different visitor attractions .......................................................................3
TASK 2............................................................................................................................................4
2.1 Different kind of visitor and their needs and wants.........................................................4
2.2 Impact of tourism with visitor attraction in UK...............................................................6
2.3 Analyse the effects of various theories of tourists motivation for managing visitors
attractions...............................................................................................................................8
TASK 3............................................................................................................................................9
3.1 Process and potential issues in development of visitors attractions.................................9
TASK 4..........................................................................................................................................11
4.1 Analyse different visitor management strategies...........................................................11
4.2 Evaluate management techniques in relation to sustainability.......................................12
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................13
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................14

INTRODUCTION
Visitors attraction is nothing but it is that destination where large number of travellers are
keen curious for visiting because of certain reason. Mainly visitors are attracted towards natural
beauty such as parks, beaches, tropical island resorts , hiking, campaigning , national parks and
some more. Along with this, there are some people who are interested to visit on cultural or
historical location for their self satisfaction such as ancient temple popular with their spirits,
power, slogans, art, galleries, historical monuments. Therefore, European market is full of
peaceful destination or location for example, Hyde park Kensington gardens, natural history
museum and palace, etc. that attracting large number of visitors in each year that result in
increasing their national income or revenue. Along with this, National tourism agency is
determine as non commercial corporation which was founded in 2001 for motivating tourism.
The main aim of this is to encourage their effectual services or facilities which render specific
subjects of tourism sector in external and internal market area by preventing their tourist internet
site (Ab Karim and Chi, 2010). Therefore, this report is divided into four various parts for
describing the role of national tourism agency in protecting tourism locations for executing
different strategies and policies. In addition to this, project has been highlighting the different
types of attractive places and their importance for tourism sector. After this, this will throw light
on effect of tourist motivation theories on managerial groups which developing these awesome
places.
TASK 1
1.1 Discuss the overlap of visitor attractions in relation to particular types of attractions
All tourist places consist of several attractions that make them unique, attractive
destinations that results in attracting number of visitors. As travel and tourism is one of the fast
growing industry that contribute in increasing the economy of the particular place. There are
around 6 million visitors that come and visit “The Queen's House” as per the observation of
study in particular year (Hartmann, 2014). The overlap of visitors attraction in relation to specific
types of attractions which are discussed below:
 Performing Campaigning: Tourist organisations also introduce number of events and
functions in order to attract more and more number of visitors to their economy. For
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example, there are large number of people who are visit at the Queen's house for
conducting campaigns.
 Advertising: In this, tourism organisations adopts number of advertisements criteria so
that they could able to deliver information to their customers. There are number of
sources which can be adopted by the tourist company like print or electronic media.
Newspapers, social media, televisions are some of the major sources that can be utilized
by them. Queen house has been adopting various promotional methods and techniques
among this advertisement is best source by which they can easily attracting domestic as
well as international customers.
 Creation of different type of events that get arises in particular places of UK. For
example, conduction of several football matches and some important sessions that induce
and create the demand of visiting that particular place in UK.
Queen House which is situated in London in some of the most famous museum in UK because of
its distinctive features and characteristics that made them unique and famous (Horng and Tsai,
2010). Some of its attractions are discussed below:
 It is one of the largest museum in the world which is consider as one of the major
attraction for the customers. For example, Queen House is the royal residence which is
located in Greenwich it is one of the most essential building in British architectural
history.
 Queen house is full of number of historic events that highlight the British cultural, social,
economic, political features hence, museum is one of the source that depict exhibitions.
 Heritage is one of the major attraction for the travellers as it illustrate the stories and
cases of kings and queens that attracts number of customer from different places. Hence,
it is also the major source of information that provide them relevant data to enhance their
knowledge after visiting the specific locations.
 Natural beauty is also one of the major attraction for the visitors as they come to find out
peace, joy, enjoyment. People always come to visit these places to have relaxation time
which they can find out in these type of places.
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1.2 Importance of different visitor attractions
Travel and Tourism is the most flourishing industry in modern world as it own number of
features and importance that play an vital role in the economy where it is operating. Some of its
importance are discussed below:
 Main source of revenue generation: Tourism industry is consider one of the main
source of income for the company. It is basically divided into two sectors public and
private that earn huge revenues depending on their nature of working. In private section
they gain through interest for local bodies that are involved in art and handicraft. On the
other public organisations earn through number of tax sources like sales and service tax.
They significantly contribute specific percentage in GDP growth of that economy
(Kusluvan and et. al., 2010). The National Maritime museum is the largest museum in all
over the world. It is one of the most famous attractive and beautiful place in united
kingdom and there are million of people who are visit in every year. As per this result,
this will help in earning high amount of profitability and income to the authorities of
united kingdom. Along with this, it will assist in improving GDP of entire nation and
assist them in gaining international currency.
 Creation of employment opportunities: Tourism sector lead to the generation of
number of employment opportunities of people belong to various level. The major
advantage is enjoyed by skilled, unskilled and semi skilled labours, it help them to earn
their livelihood. Therefore, it will result in imparting employment opportunities which is
the major advantage for this tourist destinations. Most of the guide and other people are
working in Greenwich park. They are seen attraction like Queen's house and National
Maritime museum which provide job to some of the people. In this country,
unemployment is the major international issue and problems which attract most of the
travellers and this will play crucial role for facing such challenges by generating jobs.
 Construction of healthy relationship: Tourism industry always focuses on building
conducive relationship within different economies as the tourist destinations attract
number of visitors from different places. Hence, it enable them to build strong image in
customer's mind. The creation of relationship will induce visitors to come to that location
several times.
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 Enhancement of local heritage and culture: The heritage and culture which is present
in particular country lead to the enhancement of local culture and heritage. When visitors
visits any particular and specific place or economy that results into enhancement of that
economy's culture and heritage places. This factor is very much important as it is directly
linked with establishing the connection of that tourist places. The National Maritime
museum is presented in the country which can lead towards popular local culture and
heritage. This will increasing in making strong relationship with their visitors in better
manner.
 Foreign exchange process: Due to globalisation there is lot of places that lead to the
opening of number of places that are present at different locations over the world. UK
have affordable price strategies that allow customers to visit that particular economic
area. Therefore, the government enjoys the benefit of gaining high foreign exchanges that
minimize the poverty status.
 Lifestyle: Visitor gets attracted towards the lifestyle of numerous number of tourist
places where they visited. Thus, it affects their lifestyle in several ways , they make
exchange of different materials like art and craft, dressing styles and many other things.
In this country, the people adopt those style which are latest trend among visitors and
travellers. This will also directly impact on country success and growth level in effective
manner.
After the above discussion, it has been concluded that various tourist destinations play the
important role in the economy as it lead to enhancement of economic growth. This sector also
consider the major source of revenue as it allow the government to earn high gains and profits of
that specific economy (Beritelli, Bieger and Laesser, 2014). It results into overall development of
the country where the tourists places are located and is attracts number of visitors from
distinctive places. They gets attracted towards features and characteristics that are present in that
particular location.
TASK 2
2.1 Different kind of visitor and their needs and wants.
In tourism sector various kind of people are there who visit different places according to
their needs and wants or for some special purposes too. In regards to this, It has bought many
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changes, even bringing better facilities and services to various kind of visitor so that they can
attract towards there business. Basically, each and every country is trying to attract various
tourist and travellers. Even though the attraction point includes monuments, their history,
beauty, health and medical services and educational or business dealing, is all such which help in
generating the revenues and profits for firm Visitor attraction (Barros and et. al., 2011).
Generally, it is required that government should take initiative to improve and to promote the
tourism sector in great manner so that economic growth can be there in efficient way. Motive of
different visits such as:
Business tourist – These are tours which are generally related with some business
motives as people travel to different locations for meeting, conferences, seminars and some
other. There are several businesses which has been expanding their operations in other countries
so that their future growth can be develop and achieved in appropriate manner.
Acquiring other services and facilities - Many people in this world travel to different
country from their native place to have best medical facility for their health issues. Even though
with various country are there who provide better medical services to patients so that individual
person can heal or recover in minimum time period. This is such which do help in generating
revenues and incomes in right context, so that development of economy can be noticed.
Educational tourist: There are various kind of people who travel to collect information
related to history and of different places, even though their want of consuming knowledge from
different places motivate them to go and gather learning. It includes places like British museum,
National Maritime Museum and queen's house etc. is that which help them to collect information
and knowledge regarding history.
Adventurous tourist: These kind of people are those who travel different countries to
have an better experience of adventurous. It includes like- (sky diving, under-water diving and
paragliding etc.). Normally, various tour operator and even Visit Britain too organize such kind
of events so that they can attract the number of people who loves adventures in great way.
Hence, such thing help in increasing economy of country and also make travellers to visit their
country too.
European market is such which is already expanded in various sector and also help in
satisfying needs and wants of different kind of customers. Moreover, Visit Britain is such which
chooses the method of market segmentation and thus its beneficial technique that has choices
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with demand of large number of traveller which also does classify the huge market into smaller
one (Coghlan, 2012). Basically the market is divided into several segment that is described as
follows:
 Demographic segmentation – It is the market segmentation which has been satisfying
their visitors needs and requirements on the basis of age, race, gender, family size,
income and education. As per this segmentation, the travel agency fulfilling their all
travellers needs and demand.
 Geographical segmentation – It is that segmentation which has been divide market on the
basis of geography. Geographical segmentation is totally based on local, state, region and
country according to such basis they are attract their customers and also try to meet
different people with their desired needs and requirements.
 Behavioural segmentation – This can be refers as that procedures which divide the total
market in small segment that are based on customer buying behaviour. This segmentation
has been done on the basis of buying patterns of buyers such as brand loyalty, advantages
requirements, while conducting occasion, etc. according to the behaviour, they can
showing their visitors those attractive places and locations which assist in fulfilling their
needs and meet with desired requirements.
 Psycho graphic segmentation – The psycho graphic segmentation involve with dividing
the whole market into segments which are based on different personality such as values,
attributes, interests, traits, interests and lifestyle of consumers. It is that segmentation
which analyse the visitors needs and attributes and show them those attractive places
where they can meet their needs.
These 4 segment does cover the whole large market in great way and even though, its
being observed that some national tourism agency including Visit Britain are coming forward
with various ideas and having an encouraging the huge population of society that towards
travelling in to have visit the different places as well (Dewhurst and Thwaites, 2014).
Segmentation are those which does play an effective role in growth and development for the
tourism industry in proper way.
2.2 Impact of tourism with visitor attraction in UK
Tourism is increasing day by day emergence in with various number of company and
thus sector is such which has different associations for encouraging travellers to different
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destinations in great way. Generally, it has been identified which needs to know maximisation in
tourism which has somewhere great impact on UK. Although, it also influence everything on
positive and negative both. Different elements and situation of tourism is such which has straight
forward impact on guest satisfaction too.
Some of the examined impact of tourism:
Social impacts – It is necessary for presenting specify culture or society on the front of
travellers which directly impact on economy. Government sat different location such as
Greenwich park which will play an essential role in improving cultural activities.
Economic impacts– National Maritime museum gain capital and money for nation by
using various modes such as sale of tickets. This will help in developing economy with the
assistance of promoting travel and tourism which assist in generating high income and revenue.
Environmental impacts – In positive impacts, this will help in making reputation,
wildlife goodwill, tourist location and some more. Location such as Greenwich park National
Maritime museums provide message of maintaining green environment. Tourism will assist this
park and museum in generating capital which can be used for maintaining the park structure.
Pollution- Tourism businesses cause huge size of contamination as large number of auto
mobiles, vehicles, plane, prepare and some forth which are affiliated with travel and tourism
sector. Such all exhale carbon dioxide at large scale and it can harming the ecological
adjustment. Along with this, globalization are expanding at regular time period due to coalition
between some domestic and international organisation which can affect the local areas. It will
make important issues and problems to an individual surviving on such territories and therefore
for the customers or visitor itself. Some respiratory and even heart related to illness which are
occurs due to tourism. Furthermore, the brilliance of social position are getting limited in each
manner.
Increased risk of accidents- It can be analysed that visitors are attracted towards
destination various services or facilities in better manner. With the high volume of pollution, this
will create and make issues related to accidents and some more (Evans, Stonehouse and
Campbell, 2012).
Congestion- There are large number of individual who are gathering and collecting those
places which attracting towards their splendid beauty or attractive things. It will cause various
inconveniences that refer as more number of unintentional cases increments. For dealing with
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these substantial team which is very complex work or task. Individual are getting delay for
reaching with their desired goals for example a patient are require doctors facilities so they are
fail to achieving at their destination due to huge traffic problems and issues. Therefore, reduction
of unintentional crowds is very essential in current time period.
Impact on local community- The visitor attraction will create impact on local community
which directly affect on their business operations and their customers. There are various issue
which are related to local community such as opportunities for local businesses that allow for
increasing trade among enhancing the number of visitors and then developing a variety of local
businesses (Garrod and et. al., 2012).
2.3 Analyse the effects of various theories of tourists motivation for managing visitors attractions
Motivation theories of travel and tourism play an essential role in encouraging visitors
towards different destination which are very attractive and beautiful location. Therefore, there
are different motivational speculations which are providing high impact on customers
enchantment management. It can be demonstrate that such practices are very advantageous for
native people as it is the important origin of salary which are given to them. The speculations
recognised along with tourism that are depicted their positive and negative effect in better
manner. It can directly affect on nearby or territorial teams and some common conditions on
immense level. Along with this, balance should be maintained in social and natural, monetary
sphere and certain change strategies are developed by reaching with set goals. Therefore, there
are major two appropriate theories which are discussed as under:
Responsible tourism- This hypothesis motive of reducing the visitors interference on
specific environment. Its major features, characteristics, exercises are important piece of tourism
improvement of the area while guaranteeing neighbourhood team that involved and such
activities are implementing necessary need to respect with local culture in that locations.
Generally, responsible tourism incorporate social issues or problems and it can addressing
advantageous in monetary issues and social factors (Gössling and et. al., 2011). Such hypothesis
features and characteristics are major responsibility and duty of tourism in developing tourism.
Voyagers should comprehend asset for constraint and ideal utilisation of specific ideas.
Smart consumer- In tourism individual beginning from certain place then it is next
therefore developing it an operational activities. Keen customers can be divided into wording
that it is presently it is mainly deal with using of innovation within tourism. The thought of E-
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tourism can be represented by an enterprise. Along with this, brilliant customers are engaged
with such sort of innovation presentation in such segment. Brilliant buyers are utilising web for
booking tickets, lodging and transportation. Data utilisation and correspondence innovation assist
in growing new customers and developing visits practised and successful manner. Apart from
this, commercials with the help of internet business that help in expand the quantity of vacation.
Maslow's theory of motivation is a very effective theory of motivations which can be
utilized by the government of various countries so as to promote their attractive destinations and
invite more and more people to visit it as well. In context to Queen's house, it can be used to
attract the various visitors by describing its importance in an effective manner. By applying this
theory, the people who are giving their services at Queen's house are being motivated so that
they can perform their job in an effective manner and provide more ease to the visitors. They are
being told that they will be getting all food , shelter and clothing if they will deliver good
services to the visitors so that they come again.
If the visitors will get good treatment then they will also get happy and motivated so as to
visit all these attractive places once again. One of the main thing which all the tourist wants is
security so if this is given to them then they will definitely think of visiting such places again and
it will make a positive image of the country in the minds of the customers as well. It is also
required to be considered that a person wants a good environment besides then and if the tourists
will get good environment then they will feel good and contended as well. In case of self
actualisation, the management should establish good strategy so as to attract no. of visitors in the
attractive destinations.
TASK 3
3.1 Process and potential issues in development of visitors attractions
A theme park is going to establish in 2023, the project name is ' The London Resort',
which is situated in Swanscombe Peninsula and Kent by the London Resort Company Holdings
Limited (LRCH). The report is carrying out various issues which are needed to be consider the
theme park, and have to taken approval from various commodities(Horng and Tsai, 2010). There
are versatile things such as location, funding stakeholders, attractions management, local
authorities, local communities, technologies, tourist boards, etc. These all the aspects which are
needs to be prepare an effective planning, that are as follows-
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Issues
There are many issues that have potential that can increase the attraction in tourists, that
are given below:
Location – The first and foremost issue is to find the land where the theme park is going
develop, that must be easy to access for the visitors and must be located in the natural place
where the tourist can find leisure to relax.
Funding – After finalization of the land finance is the most important thing, because that
is the foundation of everything, to raise the fund one can approach to the public and private
investors and membership schemes. The public sector investors includes banks, that lending
money to the public, and private investors are the promoters who invests the to get the business.
A membership schemes is a policy that collects the amount with a condition to authorize life
time membership of the club(Kusluvan and et. al., 2010).
Stakeholders – Stakeholders are the board members who invests in certain project to
earn the benefit and they have all the rights to take decision for the welfare of society. They can
impact the theme park's action, objectives and policies, that may include creditors, directors,
employees, government, shareholders, suppliers of the equipments, unions, and community.
Attraction management – The major focus for any place is the attraction that the place
have, so manage that in an appropriate manner is very essential to allure the tourist to make
them stay for a long and also make their day memorable. There is a need of innovation that in
attraction management because every one is seeking for new experience which they never had
before, so it is a big responsibility for the management team that to aid something new and
charismatic.
Local authorities – Local authorities approval is necessary to avoid the future hurdles,
local authorities are have the rights to cancel the proposal when they don't find necessity, so it is
crucial to convince the regime to begin a project(Leask, 2010).
Local communities - Local community may refuse the project as they may find it
harmful for themselves, but it needed to make them understand that they will find the
opportunities for the business and this will raise their economy.
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TASK 4
4.1 Analyse different visitor management strategies
To run a theme park it is most important factor to adopt various kind of visitor
management strategies, The London Resort requires such kind of strategies that can be beneficial
for both the business and tourist. To assist the tourist there are several things, which are needed
to establish, such as -
Identified pathways - First of all the facilities, must be update that will the tourist can
roam without any hassle, that the site view and map must be at every place, so that they can find
the path way, but it will be nice if there are some entertaining stuff could be installed, so they
will enjoy the walking trail.
Visitors flow – To maintain the visitors flow, there are some tactics that can be adopt
like, when they are not having more visits, they can introduce some vouchers and some quiz in
the off season, to maintain the flow of visitors.
Flexible capacity – In the peak time there are crowd in the theme parks, to maintain the
crowd, the timing of the parks can be extending in the morning and evening. The staff level must
be sufficient to assist the visitors so that they may not have any problem inside the park.
Additional tills – The additional tills includes the eating area to offer a delicious food to
the visitors, with increased staff that aid provide the best services to the people. It often happens
that when people go on outings, they carry some luggage, to keep them lockers must be there for
the comfort of visitors(Mason, 2015).
Security – A theme park must have the security systems with update techniques, as
precautions for the uncertain time. For example, the all rides are electronically equipped, there
are the chances for any short circuit that may cause a fire, to overcome the difficulties, there
must be such fire extension instrumentation, that can prevent from fire in the initial stage, to lift
the people safely from the big disaster(Newsome, Moore and Dowling, 2012).
Regulated room conditions – The tourist looking for the relaxation during holidays, so
the room should have the amenities, to offer some quality time.
Influence number of visitors - People often looking for affordable prices to influence
visitors through some schemes like offering promotional strategies, free gift vouchers, lucky
draw, promo code, that gives some advantages in discounted prices.
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Innovation – To pull more visitants to the resort show them some new adventures that
are going to launching soon, so that when that will come in existence the people will like to take
a footstep towards the them park. For example, new adventure can be a ride like sky screamer, it
may be possible that people may not have experienced it before, so when that will establish
visitors can come again.
4.2 Evaluate management techniques in relation to sustainability
Sustainability can be termed as a broad discipline, delivering the organisation insights
into wider aspects of human from the business technology to the social sciences and
environment. The major core skills that can deliver more effective environment along with social
sciences. Sustainability refers to stay in market on a long run, although there are various
branches on which it struggles to stay consistent like environment, requirements, and economy.
By using these elements the management ensures the environmental regulations, policies and
initiatives, attain the goals on the basis of past and future economy, managers conducts a team to
implement the tasks, it also measures and report the effectiveness of sustainability.
Economy – Economy impacts a business in terms of affordability, every business
conducted to gain profit with respect to the total expenditure, the economy refers to the
international economy of a country, the value of the money in international market impacts if the
same business opened across the globe. The local dwellers of the country or a region get the
employment because of the raising in visitors and there income also increased because of that.
On the other hand, unsteady economy also plays a role in business, because the residents are not
able to take the advantages of the theme park in terms of enjoyment(Horng and Tsai, 2010). For
e.g. management can lead UK tourism more toward more efficient and effective working
promoting more enhancement in economy.
Visitor's Expectations – First impression is the last impression, so maintaining the
image of a park is necessary, because if a client give the negative reviews about the place, then
it will affect the business. For instance, a visitor would love to head there, only if they get the
positive comments, so it is required to fulfil their wishes. It is not possible to complete each and
every desire but one should try to over come the obstacles which have majority, like pricing,
comforts, approach to the public, adventures, etc., should be planned according to the tourist
expectations, so that it can continue for a long time(Kusluvan and et. al., 2010). For e.g.
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management assist in managing the demands of UK tourist and help in providing required
elements in effective manner.
Social - It will be a good point for a business, if it exhibits the countries own culture and
heritage looks, because when tourists are coming from another country, they are looking for
fragrance of hosting country. It should show the culture and lifestyle of a country to allure the
people(Leask, 2010s). For e.g. UK society's standard of living has improved after Brexit due to
the opportunity provided by associated sector of travel and tourism industry.
CONCLUSION
As per the above mentioned it has been analysed that visitors attraction play an essential
role in gaining attention of large number of customers for implementing number of strategies and
policies of motivation. This project show the importance of tourist destination at large market
area which highlighting their benefits that affect on whole countries. National tourism agency is
that enterprise for promoting tourism sector at European market for creating maximum income
or revenue. The main goal and objective of this project is to give light on different aspects which
directly affect on development and growth of an economy for increasing income of country.
Apart from this, assignment consist with different effective strategies and policies which
launched by management of tourist destinations for protecting or preserving historical locations,
places, monuments, national parks, etc. therefore, various negative or positive impact of
travelling on different visitors in united kingdom are mentioned in this report. This will help in
gaining evaluation which affect on tourists. At last, this report has been analysed that there are
various issues which emerges at large market place due to this maximum number of visitors are
affect the success and growth level of whole tourism sector.
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