Tourism Attractions Management and Development

The assignment discusses the importance of managing and developing tourism attractions to provide better benefits to communities, people, and the environment. It highlights the need for resident surveys to understand local population perceptions and to educate communities about the risks and benefits of tourism.

VISITORS ATTRACTION MANAGEMENT

CONTENTS
INTRODUCTION.........................................................................................................................................1
TASK – 1.......................................................................................................................................................1
1.1 The overlap of Visitor’s attraction.................................................................................................1
1.2 Importance of different attractions.................................................................................................2
TASK – 2.......................................................................................................................................................2
2.1 Needs and motivation of various types of visitors.........................................................................2
2.2 Influence of tourism on visitors attraction of UK..........................................................................3
2.3 Effect of different theories of tourist motivation on the management of visitor attractions..........4
TASK – 3.......................................................................................................................................................5
3.1 Processes and issues in the development of theme park................................................................5
TASK – 4.......................................................................................................................................................6
4.1 Different visitor management strategies........................................................................................6
4.2 Management techniques in relation to sustainability.....................................................................6
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
The success of tourism sector is attributed to the variety and richness of destinations all
across the world. Destination as a place such as nation, continent, state, purpose-built store helps
in attracting visitors for temporary stay. Each and every destination has attractions that act as a
motivator for tourists to select that particular destination. Therefore, it can be said that if there is
no attractions, tourism will not exists. Pertaining this, the present research study also focuses on
managing the visitor’s attraction and its related facets (Swarbrooke, 2002). As a Junior Tourism
Consultant for Visit Britain, it plays a very key role in developing the volume and value of
tourism product in England. The report will throw light on various attractions of England like the
British Museum, the National Maritime Museum, Greenwich Park, and The Queen's House and
other attractions of UK aswell.in addition to this, various kinds of visitors, their needs and
demands and impacts will be assessed significantly. The later part of the report study will
evaluate the issues influencing the development process, management techniques as well as their
influence on sustainability of these attractions.
TASK – 1
1.1 The overlap of Visitor’s attraction
Tourism attraction is very significant in any nation’s economy. In UK, there has been
total increase of 2 percent in the visitors visiting attractions in 2006. London Olympics has
significantly surged in oversees visits to attractions by 10 percent in the year 2013. These
attractions can overlap in relation with a particular type of destination such as St. Paul’s
Cathedral, London. It is being regarded as a popular place of visitor attraction, as it has is having
world famous dome. The place is also famous for its art related work and intricate mosaic. When
people visit this place, they remain spell bound by seeing the beauty of world and interiors of the
cathedral (Lancaster and Massingham, 2010). Other than this, visitors from different parts of the
world visit this place to explore the sightings of Tombs, crypt and memorial of famous heroes.
Moreover, people can also have the panoramic view of London by mounting the golden gallery,
where visitors can try out the audio fluke of Whispering gallery. So, this is one part by which
tourists can explore the rich heritage of St. Paul’s Cathedral.
On the other hand, St. Paul’s Cathedral is also considered as a religious or spiritual
attraction. In more simple words, it also carries the spiritual facets and holiness amid the people
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who stopover this place unrelatedly of the religion they belong too. The main fundamental
purpose of this church is a place of worship for people related to religion of Christianity;
however, it is also one of the oldest buildings and therefore, it reflects the heritage and cultural
aspects as well (Leask and Yeoman, 2009). Consequently, it can be said that St. Paul’s Cathedral
is a place both for religious and visitor’s attraction and showing a perfect example of over-
lapping of attractions.
1.2 Importance of different attractions
 National Maritime Museum – The National Maritime Museum is one of the leading
maritime museums of the UK. It is situated in Greenwich, London and is one of the
largest of its kind in the world. It encompasses the Royal Observatory and 17th century
Queen’s house and it is also being part of a world heritage site. It is non-departmental
public body, which is sponsored by the department of culture, sport and media. It plays
an important role in understanding the British social, political, economic, cultural and
maritime history and its magnitudes in today’s world (National Maritime Museum, n.d).
 Greenwich Park – It is one of the most historic royal parks of the Roman Times. The
Greenwich Park is set within the Greenwich Maritime World Heritage site and is being
regarded as the most significant site on the planet. In addition to this, it also commands
fine views over the Rover Thames, the city of London and the Isle of Dogs.
 The Queen's House – Originally, the Queen’s house was part of a Royal palace of
Placentia. It was meant by the King James I. It is royal residence being built in the year
1616 in Greenwich. The queen’s house is few miles from the city of London. It is quite
important in the British architectural history, as it was the first deliberately classical
building that was created in the nation (Greenwich Park, 2018).
 British Museum – It is very popular in London and is presenting the works of man of
prehistoric times to modern times all across the globe. There are many attractions in this
museum, which are fascinating the visitors from various locations such as Pantheon
sculptures, the Rosetta stone and mummies in the Ancient Egypt collection.
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TASK – 2
2.1 Needs and motivation of various types of visitors
Each and every visitor has different type of needs and inspiration that compels them to
travel from one place to another. The places to visit are being selected by considering these
factors. Visitors are generally segmented into three types i.e. demographic, geographic and
psychographic (Yale, 2004). Throwing light towards demographic, it is division of people on the
basis of their age, income, gender, caste, marital status and many more. For an example, people
falling in the age group of 18-25 will show more interest in visiting areas which are filled with
fun and excitement like London Eye and markets in central London. They falls under the
category if elder tourists. In addition, elderly people will show more interest towards monuments
and historical palaces such as British Museum, National Maritime museum etc. On the other
hand, Geographic segmentation divides the people based upon their region, state, community and
nation. It is vital as people from varied background explore different culture and show different
behavior. For example, people belonging to Christian community will pay attention towards
visiting church, visitors from the colder areas want to feel the sun and enjoy beaches etc. Finally,
psychographic segmentation categorizes visitors on the basis of their attitude, lifestyle and
opinions.
Talking in references with the needs and motivation of the visitors, there are many
visitors who have their own needs and wants. The very first is the single tourists; they want to
travel alone and are interested in exploring varied attractions with few or little baggage. They are
generally students and like to have adventures like London Eye etc. Second is the business
tourists, they travel for business purpose like for attending seminars, meeting and business fairs
and do not spend more money (Crompton, 2009). Family tourists are those who travel along with
their family and friends and finally, health tourists who travel for availing some health related
benefits or to get some medical treatment or operations.
2.2 Influence of tourism on visitors attraction of UK
Foundation Positive influence Negative influence
 It supports in creation of employment
 It create jobs which are seasonal
and not permanent
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Monetary
opportunities
 Render a supportive hands indirectly to
transportation and retail sectors (Allee
and Kotler, 2011)
 Tourism has a multiplier effect. It not
only creates jobs in the tertiary sector
but at the same time also encourages
growth in the primary and secondary
sectors as well. for instance, a hotel
situated in any attraction will require
farm products and food from local
farmer
 The profits being earned from the
tourism is not every time offering
benefits to local economy rather
it is being swallowed by multi-
national firms such as group of
hotels etc.
 Rise in the problem of terrorism
 In most of the packages, around
80 percent of the traveller’s
expenditures go to the hotels,
airlines and other international
firms and it is not reached to
local businesses or local workers.
Societal
 It helps in improving the
infrastructural development of the
nation
 With the Museum and historical
places, the tradition and historic values
are preserved
 Different visitors have different
behavior and this influences the
quality of life of the host nation
Ecological
 Seeking help from the Eco-tourism,
wild-life and natural resources can be
conserved.
 Tourism is posing a great threat
to the natural resource such as
water, coral reefs and cultural
sites.
 Increase in the pollution level is
harming the health of all living
beings (Buhalis, 2003)
 Because of littering, health
related issues are rising
significantly
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2.3 Effect of different theories of tourist motivation on the management of visitor attractions
For the purpose of uncovering the travel motives, it is essential to comprehend different
theories related to tourist’s motivation and their influence on the management of attractions and
these are as follows:
 Need hierarchy theory – This theory is founded by Abraham Maslow’s and as per him,
every individual has different desire. At the top of the pyramids, there are high order
requirements. However, the top level can be reached when the lower needs of the
pyramid is satisfied. Thus, for achieving growth, tourist’s destination should contend the
basic need of the visitors and afterwards, attention can be gained through meeting social,
safety and self-actualization needs. But, it is more likely that the needs might not fall in a
classified order (Nolte, 2010).
 Push and Pull factors of Crompton’s – Focusing towards push factors, they shows the
desire for travel and the pull factors states the choice of actual destination. Crompton has
determined nine fundamental motivations, seven are related to socio-psychological i.e.
self-evaluation, regression, prestige, escaping from mundane environment, relationships,
relaxation and social interaction and two are related with the cultural factors such as
novelty and education.
 Herzberg two factor theories – According to this theory, there are basically two sets of
factors i.e. hygiene and motivating factors. The presence of hygiene factor will not
motivate the staff. However, their absence will significantly de-motivate the workers. On
the other side, the presence of motivating factors will motivate the employees and their
absence will not motivate the same. When this theory is being applied in tourist
destinations, it can be attributed that there are some factors such as food, transportation,
safety which are referred as hygiene factors and other attractions as motivating factors.
The presence of hygiene factors will not de-motivate the visitors and destinations should
have these great amenities.
TASK – 3
3.1 Processes and issues in the development of theme park
As a Junior Tourism Consultant, the new task is to explore the developmental process of
Theme park i.e. “The London Resort” in Swanscombe Peninsula by the London Resort Company
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Holdings Limited (LRCH). For the purpose of developing this theme park, it is essential to study
the market and develop the concept (Overview, n.d.). After developing attraction program, it
becomes essential to develop master plan and decide on the ways of financing. Further, the
design are developed and construction initiates with lots of legal formalities and documentation.
However, there are many issues that come across in the way of successful development of a
theme park and these are being defined underneath:
 Availability of resources – The availability of the resources in the nearby location of the
attraction helps in grabbing the attention of the people. Swanscombe Peninsula is an
isolated place having little development in its southern side. There are numerous plots
and thus, company decided to make use of this borough to develop a theme park.
 Attraction management – It is also considered as the most important factor. Taking
decision regarding what kind of products to be provided to the public is a tough job to
perform (Fritz-Vietta, 2008).
 Sources of funding – Raising fund are very important issues that come across in the way
of developing a theme park. Private and public sector companies will be interested in
such type of projects. Other than this, income can be spawned by entry fees, tickets,
donation, membership etc.
 Health and safety – This factor is very crucial and thus, the local authorities of London
should make sure that the health and safety provisions about the particular area are
checked properly. Arrangement should be made related to littering and waste disposal for
safeguarding the environment and community.
 Demand for the product in the market – Conducting market survey for determining the
demand of the product is very crucial. It should be developed considering the needs and
wants of the market (Andrew and Medlik, 2007).
 Stakeholders and population – These both are considered as significant considerations
that influences the development of a theme park. Too much of people or overcrowdings
deters the visitors from selecting a particular attraction. Although, visitors wants people
for fulfilling their social needs but overcrowding will not serve their purpose. For
example, increasing number of visitors to Venice is leading to over tourism and crowding
in Venice and tourists are being blamed for rising petty crimes.
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TASK – 4
4.1 Different visitor management strategies
Number of visitors with different attitude, behavior, need and perception visits different
place. It becomes important to manage them and process them quirkily. There are some of the
strategies that can be used for effective management of visitors:
 Tourist can be managed by developing time slots
 Queues of people in various situations will help in this matter
 Using of signs, symbols and design for communicating information and messages
 Peak pricing is the another strategy for managing visitors wherein people pay extra fee or
amount at the time of high demand
 It is important to have visitor’s control by verifying the identity
 Managing the supply by increasing the available space and time so as to accommodate
more tourists (Yeoman and Drummond, 2000)
 Development of strategies for attracting the visitors towards the destination
 Managing demand by putting restricting on length of stay, type of use and, number of
visitors
 Validating the reason of travel or visit
 Reviewing the expectations of the visitors is quite essential, as by offering the product
that meet out their needs, tourists will be more attracted
4.2 Management techniques in relation to sustainability
In order to have sustainable effect on the destination, it is important to understand supply
and demand of the tourism along with the viewpoint of the residents, as they are vital
stakeholders. Wealth is being generated, if the activities related to tourism takes place in an
effective way. It also leads to conservation of cultural as well as natural resources. However, the
local population can also suffer from the violation of the tourists (Crouch and Ritchie, 1999).
Concerning this, it is vital to carry out resident survey so as to comprehend the information in
relation with the perception of the local population. The information being gathered can be used
for managing and developing the tourism attractions. On the other hand, information can also be
utilized for offering education to the communities in relation with the paybacks and risk attached
with the tourism. Numerous indicators are being measured in the resident survey and all these
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can be considered as red flags of the potential that the defenseless population might be isolated
because of tourism activities. The outcomes being gathered from the survey should be utilized to
make sure that the tourism development will help in improving environmental, social and
economic issues concerning tourism. In addition to this, the survey information can also be
utilized for educating the communities in relation with several risks and benefits being linked
with the tourism and also by making them feel or take pride in their heritage.
CONCLUSION
Consequently, it can be said that attractions have a lot to offer to the visitors, but there are
certain things that are required to be done for restructuring, managing and designing of the
products related to tourism. If this is done than it can provide better benefits to community,
people and environment as a whole.
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REFERENCES
Books and journals
Allee, J. and Kotler, N., 2011. Strategic Tourism Marketing Workbook. Tourism Destination
Management and Marketing Program. Washington, DC: The George Washington
University.
Andrew, L. and Medlik, S., 2007. Tourism and hospitality in the 21st century. Rotledge.
Buhalis, D., 2003. E-Tourism: Information Technology for Strategic Tourism Management.
Prentice Hall.
Crompton, J.L., 2009. Motivations for pleasure vacations. Annals of Tourism Research. 6(4),
pp.408–424.
Crouch, G.I. and Ritchie, J.R., 1999. Tourism Competitiveness, and Societal Prosperity. Journal
of Business Research, 44.
Fritz-Vietta, N., Röttger, C. and Stoll-Kleemeann, S., 2008. Enhancing management
Effectiveness in the Biosphere Reserve Mananara-Nord. Discussion Paper 02 of the GoBi
Research Group.
Lancaster, G. and Massingham, L., 2010. Essentials of Marketing management. Routledge.
Leask, A. and Yeoman, I., 2009. Heritage Visitor Attractions: An Operations Management
Perspective. Cassell
Nolte, C., Leverington, F., Kejltner, A., Marr, M., Nielsen, G., Bomhard, B., Stolton, S., Stoll-
Kleemann, S. and Hockings, M., 2010. Protected Areas Effectiveness Assessment in Europe:
a Review on Application Methods and Results. Bonn, Germany: Bundesamt für Naturschutz.
Swarbrooke, J., 2002. The development and management of visitor attraction. 2nded. Oxford:
Butterworth-Heinemann.
Yale, P., 2004. From Tourist Attractions to Heritage Tourism. 2nded. Elm Publications
Yeoman, I. and Drummond, S., 2000. Quality Issues in Visitor Attractions. Butterworth-
Heinemann
Online references
Greenwich Park. 2018. [Online]. Available through:
<https://www.royalparks.org.uk/parks/greenwich-park>. [Accessed on 2ndJuly 2018].
National Maritime Museum. n.d. [Online]. Available through: <https://www.rmg.co.uk/national-
maritime-museum>. [Accessed on 2ndJuly 2018].
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Overview. n.d. [Online]. Available through: <https://www.visitbritain.org/overview>. [Accessed
on 2ndJuly 2018].
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