Volcanic Eruptions: Causes, Effects, and Mitigation Efforts

Running head: EARTH SCIENCE
EARTH SCIENCE
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1EARTH SCIENCE
Table of Contents
How the Process Works.............................................................................................................2
Causes and Effects.....................................................................................................................3
Causes....................................................................................................................................3
Effects....................................................................................................................................3
Long-Term Impacts to the Earth................................................................................................4
Problems It Poses To Humans...................................................................................................5
Economic Impacts..................................................................................................................6
Mitigation Efforts...................................................................................................................7
References..................................................................................................................................8

2EARTH SCIENCE
How the Process Works
The natural phenomenon where a rupture is created on the surface of the earth crust or
crust or any planets through which hot molten materials can come out of the surface from the
inner layers of the planetary of object is known as volcano. All the planets including the earth
has various layers in it. The upper most layer of earth is known as the earth crust. All animals
and creature lives on the surface of the earth crust. There are possibilities that there are
ruptures and openings through which may be connected to the inner layers of the earth
surface. The second layer which is also known as the mantle is the layer where all kinds of
hot materials including hot materials like gases and molten rocks or lava is located. These
materials may be coming out through these apertures and these apertures usually form
mountains or hills because of the accumulation of the molten materials on the earth surface
surrounding the region (Pyle, 2015). This is known as volcano. Volcanos are found in various
regions of the earth including the equatorial countries.
The volcanic openings are mainly found in the regions where the tectonic plates of the
earth are converging with each other or they are diverging (Sigl et al., 2015) The earth is
composed of various tectonic plates which are floating on the softer layer which is known as
the mantle formed of hot molten materials like lava and molten rock. These tectonic plates
converge or diverge because these float around. The regions of tension where such
convergence or divergence occurs is known to form volcanos as these regions become
weaker and tension is created in these regions. There are possibilities of volcanoes beneath
the water surfaces like the oceans or the seas. The volcanic eruptions in these regions or earth
quake causes natural phenomenon known as Tsunami. There are situations on the earth
surface where the earth crust becomes thin and weak. The openings may be formed in these
regions as well. There are also volcanic hotspots which are regions where hot materials come
out of the earth’s mantle formed as a column of molten material rising from the core of the