ar and Peace in the 20th Century Assignment PDF

War and Peace in the 20th century -2

Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY ................................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION...............................................................................................................................................9
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................................10

INTRODUCTION
The international political economy are the constructivism, liberalism and realism when
researcher will use the different theories to describe the economical event happen in the
international political economy (Nathan, ed., 2016). War and peace are the interrelated
component in the political environment that increase the risk for the future and many other
politician need to guard against the complacency. This assignment will discuss about the Cuban
Missile Crisis that happen in 1962 when it was conflict around the Cuba. It happen when the
Soviet Union began establishing the missile sites in the Cuba. It is necessary for the
confrontations of cold war in the nation. This report will discuss about the revolution of Cuban
and also explain the origin of Cuban missiles crisis that impact on the different countries in
global world.
MAIN BODY
Overview:
The ballistic missiles in the soviet phase in the year 1962 has started the cold war happen
between the Soviet Union and United States. It brought the world to be the brinks of nuclear war.
After over weeks, the president John F. Kennedy and other leader of soviet union were
communicated or negotiated to reduce the harmful outcome and result of crisis. (Park, 2018).
This type of crisis evoked the fear of disaster and destruction through the nuclear. It has revealed
the danger of brinks man ship and also attempt to halt the race.
In 20th century, many countries have connected or engaged in the peaceful interaction or
conflict that impact on global world (Dayton and Bernhardsdottir, 2015). Peace and war
programme explores the global conflict since at the end of world war and also including the cold
war among regions such as Iraq and Afghanistan etc. There are many global cooperation in the
organization participated in the Olympic to explore in across the world.
The Cuban Revolution:
After the successful waging of guerrilla war which was started to fight against the Cuban
dictator, it came the power in hand of Fidel Castro in 1959. Currently, Castro was not the part of
community and policy maker took all the cautions that occurs due to war. They also seen the

different formulation to the policy and procedures. From the starting of 1950 till the 1960, it has
been established the relation between US Cuban because of the Castro’s ant- rhetoric and other
radical procedures or policies. As per Castro's, they were intended to follow the alliances through
the soviet union, therefore the Dwight Eisenhower was performed the different action to cut off
the diplomatical approach with the Cuba and also staring the contingence plan with the help of
Castro and also want to replace him. He also turn to support the Soviet Union for creating a
relationship between them (Sagan, 2017). The Soviet has signed the different trade or
agreements with the Cuba. It also provide the Castro with the weaponry and arms. In this way, it
will give the political support to the Cuba revolution in the international enterprises.
Beginning of Cuban Missile Crisis
The Cuban Missile crisis was started at the beginning when it happens to fail the Bay of
Pigs and its invasion, at the time when the US support the other Cuban exile and trying to
increase their strategic against the Fidel Castro's. Sometimes, they are becomes overpowered
because it has increased the arms forces of Cuban, afterwards the Castro was moved towards to
protect the soviet due to aggression of US government. It has provided the multiple type of
weapons to the Cuba according to situations and conditions. In this way, they also deals with the
advanced approach while the missiles are based on the proper operational. The Khrushchev
always claimed and also motivate the Cuba with the help of nuclear weapons. It plays important
role as a safeguards during the Cuban revolution against the aggressions. It also alter to balance
the global power in the favour of the union of soviet.
In October 1962, it was revealed the missile installation sites by the Cuban territory. This
type of discovery become start up and known for the crisis of Cuban missiles. This missile can
be targeted the US and other cities such as Washington, New York etc. The Administration was
Kennedy established a type of naval blockade to prevent other missile from reaching towards the
Cuba, There are no uncertain demand related to diffuse the missiles that has been delivered. The
most danger approach was happen when the soviet has taken out the missiles and another, US
government has forced to escalate the missile crisis with the help to authorise action of air
strikes from the Cuba and also another bomb sites of missiles (Scott, and Hughes, eds., 2015).
They have planned the contingency that drawn up for the large scale of invasion and attack on
Soviet Union through Nuclear Bomb.

Negotiating a peaceful results and outcomes
The Khrushchev initiatives to refuse the knowledge and presences of missile in the Cuba.
He was declared that United States act as naval blockade according to the cold war (Snyder, and
Diesing, 2015). He was decided to offer the suspension on the action against the delivery of
nuclear weapons. After the two weeks, Khrushchev and Kennedy both are discussed in
peacefully manner and also generate the appropriate outcome or result through missiles. The
Soviet Union was trying to compare the provision against the weapons and Cuba with remove
the missile in the turkey. their provision to the nuclear weapons of Cuba with the stationing of
missile in Turkey. After successful agreement between Khrushchev and Kennedy, Kennedy has
contributed to understand the situation and withdraw the missiles in turkey. The government has
pledged that would not undertake the Cuban invasion.
By using negotiate, the Khrushchev was failed to communicate and consult with Castro's.
He always hoping to agree for closing of United State Naval base at the Guantánamo. At last, the
Khrushchev was maintained to manage the situation of nuclear missiles from Cuba. It also
falling to the Broach the subject on the demand of Castro’s.
It remains suggested to negotiate and consult the Fidel Castro. They are trying to
compare the situation to another cold wars. It also helps to make the arguments such as Japan
and Vietnam.
Consequences of Cuban Missile Crisis
The Soviet premiere was attempted to the portray results of missiles crisis as a victory, it
is the dangerous situation or major consequences through the missile crisis. Ouster of
Khrushchev was the ouster due to crisis. He was trying to force the other member of soviet for
the retirement but he also claimed that crisis of missile was the appropriate proof. It was the
inability of decision making that lead to decrease the ability of soviet (Jervis, 2015). The Leonid
Brezhnev was taken all the power to control the situation of tensions between the United States.
John F. Kennedy came out the missiles crisis and maintain the position of cold war. The
Cuban Missile crisis has convinced the Kennedy for danger the brinkmanship of nuclear
weapons. Kennedy and Khrushchev had peered into the abyss of the destruction of nuclear
weapons but he had managed all the situations and pull back from it. It also prevents the

upcoming destruction or crisis, the government was set up the facilities to establish the proper
connection between the leader of soviet premier or nations.
In the year of 1963, the union of Soviet and Great Britain was signed the agreement
against the atmospheric or banning. It also improve the condition of underwater nuclear by using
testing techniques. Sometimes, He was failed the halt race as per Kennedy which authorised the
large arms to build up or expanding the amplified strategic and arsenal in the form of cold war.
The Cuban Missile crisis has considered as a climax of sharply antagonistic time in
United State of the Soviet. It was considered to close the point that had ever come to the overall
nuclear war. They also believed to maintain the humiliation because it impact on the power due
to the failure (Young, 2015). Cuba plays important part in the failure of power. The union of
soviet determination towards their goals and achievements in 1964.
The Cuban missiles crisis come closer to the leader Nikita Khrushchev that agree to
reduce the other Russian weapon from the Cuba and also trying the exchange the the Cuban
territorial Sovereignty through the promise from United states. This situation has based on end
point which nearly the two week of anxiety and tension between the Soviet Union and Unite
States. They became come closer to provoke the nuclear conflict. There are major causes of the
missiles and impact on the overall union. The relationship between the Soviet Union or Cuba
were shaky around for some times after the separation of missiles. The Fidel Castro give accuse
Russian to back down from American and deserting the modification of Cuban.
In U.S., the European allies was angered not only because of crisis but also upset with the
administration of Kennedy that always keep the virtually in dark condition about the
negotiations. it might have developed the automatic war between the countries. Inside the union
of soviet, they were appalled during the withdrawal of weapons through Khrushchev’s. After two
years, Aleksei Kosygin and Leonid Brezhnev pushed him from the power and succeed to
maintain the condition of union and soviet community (Reed, 2018). It has increased the massive
building up military (Finch, 2015). In this way, there are no positive aspects seen by crisis. The
president Kennedy mention to destruction and taking important steps to start the condition and
also control the nuclear weapons. Less than year, the crisis finished, the soviet community and
US has signed the statement for ending the destructions.

Learn From the Cuban Missile Crisis
It has learned through the Cuban Missile crisis which help to extent the containment and
led to threatening effects on the minds of the nation’s being contained. United States had been
military super power since finish of cold war, it had never determined and faced the problem and
the threat also closes the borders (Caddell Jr, 2016). At that time, the Missiles of nuclear weapon
were placed in the different threat in the various soviet cities and also consider as a type of
containment but the policy maker has been inclined to compromise through the other Russian
based on the containment policy.
This is the important lesson that always keep in mind because it has deliberating the
better ways to deals and also increasing the powers. At the time of making the logical argument
that concern about to rise the china. For Example- The antagonism and military containment
develop the policy which makes feel threatened by the country and also turn into the aggression
which are more likely in the response to the provocation of US. In this way, it compromises to
solve a situation of crisis that were precipitated with the help of military build-up, while china
will able to face the challenges through the power at the time of cold war. It had needed the
democracy in country and also support the people and consult of the harmful confrontation that
have lasting unintended policy or procedure of foreign which help to maintain the consequences.
Since 1962, the foreign policy has been hamstrung on the Cuba because they were investing the
villainizing Soviet Union. On the other hand, The Vietnam war has compare with the other type
of crisis such as missiles. It is similar type of destruction and causes. There are some people
those who plays important duties in the crisis of missiles and taking remarkable decision at the
time of crisis. The name of Nikita Khrushchev and John Kennedy, they are playing important
personality those who were willingly contribute their decision for ending the crisis.
The Cuban missile crisis has been shown that continue to equip the country’s military for
expanding the capabilities and warfare specialities because the president provide the several
options with the respond to condition or situation. Therefore, the air force has been demands of
performing the air strike action and Military has suggested the invasion of group. The Crisis
management may necessary for upending the long term establishment military plans and
procedures. During the Cuban missile crisis, there are multiple type of nuclear antiaircraft
weapons deployed with the different cities. It help to protect the site in US. The military has

powered to apply the nuclear bomb without group discussion if the commanders evaluate on the
attack. It is widespread and ready expenditure of the defensive nuclear arms. The leader of
military make changes. They discovered the bomber in the Cuba and quickly preparation to
protect against the nuclear strike. It has required to manage the existing arrangement with the
possibility to defences the nuclear expenditure because it has increased the level of escalation.
On the other hand, The North American air force generally protecting the Florida that prohibited
from using the different nuclear arms.
During the crisis, when army military action is important and quick response towards the
destructions. It has a moral duties to use the different weapon to reach the solution and
considered in order to prevent the conflict and death. Sometimes, the crisis turns into the global
conflict and decision always oppose to the strike that allow for people to consider the moral
issues and problems (Masco, 2017). In today’s crisis, the weapons allows to less connection
among the employ violence’s those who are receiving the consequences . It has needed to
maintain the questions of ethics which progressively essential to ensure that the action of military
doesn’t affect the element of human and also support to motivate the new opposition. It is very
true when it is considered the non-ethical and less time option before drown the politics. As per
crisis, it has avoided the nuclear confrontation and afford to minimize the nuclear confrontation.
After fifty year, the Cuban missile crisis, it is a type of universal truth which not enough as the
global world continues to be terrified from power of nuclear and it happen the destruction. In
1962, the leaders are the player to take some time to think about another alternatives and also
taking the right decision of protecting against the crisis. In 1962, The Cuban missile crisis is
valuing the pride and zero sum mentality will only the outcome in the apocalyptical events.

CONCLUSION
As per discussion, it concluded that international political economy are the
constructivism, liberalism and realism when researcher can apply the different theories to
describe the economical event happen in the international political economy. Above discussion,
it is based on the Cuban missiles crisis that impact on the Soviet Union and other nations. This
type of crisis impact on the political environment that increase the risk for the future and many
other politician need to guard against the complacency. Furthermore, it is discussed about the
Cuban Missile Crisis that happen in 1962 when it was conflict around the Cuba. It happen when
the Soviet Union began establishing the missile sites in the Cuba. It is an essential for the
confrontations of cold war. This report is described the revolution of Cuban and also explain the
origin of Cuban missiles crisis that impact on the different countries in global world.

REFERENCES
Books and journals
Nathan, J. ed., 2016. The Cuban missile crisis revisited. Springer.
Dayton, B. W. and Bernhardsdottir, A., 2015. Crisis management. Retrieved on 8th June.
Sagan, S.D., 2017. The Korean missile crisis: Why deterrence is still the best option. Foreign
Aff.. 96. p.72.
Scott, L. and Hughes, R.G. eds., 2015. The Cuban Missile Crisis: A Critical Reappraisal.
Routledge.
Snyder, G. H. and Diesing, P., 2015. Conflict among nations: Bargaining, decision making, and
system structure in international crises. Princeton University Press.
Masco, J., 2017. The crisis in crisis. Current Anthropology. 58(S15). pp.S65-S76.
Jervis, R., 2015. The Cuban Missile Crisis: What can we know, why did it start, and how did it
end?. In The Cuban Missile Crisis (pp. 19-57). Routledge.
Young, O.R., 2015. Politics of force: Bargaining during international crises. Princeton
University Press.
Finch, J. P., 2015. Bringing Space Crisis Stability Down to Earth. NATIONAL DEFENSE
UNIV FORT MCNAIR DC.
Caddell Jr, J. W., 2016. Corona over Cuba: The Missile Crisis and the Early Limitations of
Satellite Imagery Intelligence. Intelligence and National Security.31(3). pp.416-438.