This course covers the various types of wastes, their sources, impacts on health and the environment, and strategies for effective waste management. It delves into the classification of wastes, such as solid, liquid, biodegradable, non-biodegradable, agricultural, industrial, hazardous, and municipal waste. The course also explores the detrimental effects of industrial wastes, ocean acidification, ozone depletion, and the persistence of chemicals in the environment. Additionally, it discusses the importance of managing waste, implementing proper waste disposal techniques, and the concept of urban mining.