Globalized Sustainable Construction and Management of Wastes

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GLOBALIZED SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION AND MANAGEMENT OF WASTES
A Research Paper on Wastes By
Student’s Name
Name of the Professor
Institutional Affiliation
City/State
Year/Month/Day

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EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
This research paper has analyses the wastes management and sustainable buildings in developed
and developing countries. The old waste management tactics in the host developing nation which
in this case is Vietnam are studied. The globalised construction and the adoption of new
technologies to produce the green infrastructure are also done. Two case studies of Australia and
Vietnam are analysed stating the kinds of technologies that recurrently used in the commercial
and industrial sector of the company. Comparisons are done and the solution to the problems are
stated. Therefore the solid waste management should be focused on to enhance the better
sanitation and sustainability. Up to 40 per cent of the wastes going to the landfills is related to
the construction and demolition of houses. Even more of the wastes are produced during the
occupancy of the building and the production of goods being consumed on a daily basis

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Table of Contents
EXECUTIVE SUMMARY.................................................................................................................................2
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................................5
CASE STUDIES OF THE STATUS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN
DEVELOPED COUNTRY.................................................................................................................................5
Australia......................................................................................................................................................5
Drivers of energy generation...................................................................................................................8
Government and business laws and regulations.....................................................................................9
Waste technologies...............................................................................................................................11
Landfill gas recovery..........................................................................................................................12
Recycling............................................................................................................................................12
Pyrolysis.............................................................................................................................................13
Incineration.......................................................................................................................................13
Multi-compartment bins...................................................................................................................14
Optical sorting...................................................................................................................................14
Composting........................................................................................................................................14
Sustainable buildings in Australia..........................................................................................................14
Sustainable materials used in the building of sustainable and green buildings that produce no wastes
in Australia.............................................................................................................................................15
Sustainable steel................................................................................................................................15
Cross-laminated timber:....................................................................................................................15
Cool roofs:.........................................................................................................................................15
CASE STUDY OF A DEVELOPING COUNTRY................................................................................................16
Vietnam.....................................................................................................................................................16
Old waste management tactics in Vietnam...........................................................................................16
Waste management and technologies in Vietnam................................................................................16
Collection systems.............................................................................................................................17
Landfill...............................................................................................................................................18
Incinerating........................................................................................................................................19
Recycling and reuse...........................................................................................................................19
Building sustainability in Vietnam..........................................................................................................21

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Laws and regulations that govern waste management in Vietnam.......................................................22
Challenges affecting the waste management in Vietnam......................................................................23
COMPARISONS BETWEEN THE TWO CASE STUDIES..................................................................................24
SWOT analysis of Australia....................................................................................................................24
SWOT analysis in Vietnam.....................................................................................................................26
Importance of the comparison and how the international company will benefit.....................................27
CONCLUSION.............................................................................................................................................28
BIBLIOGRAPHY...........................................................................................................................................28

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INTRODUCTION
Waste is described as the materials and products that are not used, leftovers material or the by-
product generated at the time of the construction or the maintenance period of the building. In
most nations, more so in the developing countries the major serious health and environmental
problems are related with the improper solid waste management and the major environmental
problem is the gas produced by the decomposition of the garbage. Therefore the solid waste
management should be focused on to enhance the better sanitation and sustainability. Up to 40
per cent of the wastes going to the landfills is related to the construction and demolition of
houses. Even more of the wastes are produced during the occupancy of the building and the
production of goods being consumed on daily basis. Poor practices of the wastes can lead to
degradation of air, water, and land resources and represent a great burden to the current and
future generation.
CASE STUDIES OF THE STATUS OF WASTE MANAGEMENT
AND SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN DEVELOPED
COUNTRY
Australia
During the 2nd half of the 20th century, there were accumulative calls for the actions by the
science. Society groups of civil society and the politicians who upturned the requirement to
address the bad effects of human actions on the natural environment. The publications of the
Brundtland report in the year 1987 and earth summit in the Rio de Janeiro assisted to create the
model of the sustainable development which rests on the notion of the growth that meets the
present generation needs without compromising the capacity of future generation to encounter
their needs (Achankeng, 2014).

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The industry of construction is among the industries that produce the dumps loads of the wastes
to the landfill. In Australia about 40percent of the demolition and construction wastes end up in
the landfill. Hence the government of Australia have initiated many strategies and ways that aim
to decrease the building wastes. These comprise the levy on the wastes from building and many
suggestions of the zero wastes approaches. Therefore some of the companies reuse, reduce, and
recycle the building wastes to reduce the quantity of the landfill payment. Other motivation
factors that used by the Australia government to reduce the wastes are it passive the ideas of the
sustainable construction wastes from the cycle of the whole building instead of the demolition
and construction stage only. It analyses the building constructors, companies and government
regions and sustainability of material's manufacturers' issue in the Australian's construction
industry from the perspective of social, economic and environment. It scrutinizes the enthusiasm
of the companies in the sustainable building wastes management under lower negative and
positive goals and incentives (Agostino Petrillo, 2017).
The forty-eight tonnes of the solid waste materials produce every year in Australian's materials
economy are handled through the 2846 facility of waste management in Australia which is
normally grouped into the transfer stations, landfill, and the facilities of resource recovery.
Jurisdiction Facility for resource
recovery
landfill Transfer station total
NSW(New South Wales) 121 369 166 656
QLD( Queensland) 88 265 236 589
VIC( Victoria) 233 92 239 564
ACT(Australian Capacity
Territory)
6 1 1 8
NT( Northern Territory) 10 118 4 132
TAS( Tasmania) 14 19 67 100

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SA( South Australia) 247 117 133 497
WA( Western Australia) 86 187 26 299
Figure 1: distribution of waste management infrastructure in Australia (Achankeng, 2014)
Transfer stations: the transfer stations are the points of the consolidation in the wastes logistics
chain, where the wastes collected can be aggregated, compacted, and loaded to the special
reason, freight containers or the vehicles for the transportation to distant disposal sites. As shown
in the table above, Australia has about 872 transfer station in work. Many small-scale facilities
have been designed in the remote and regional areas, often in the landfill of view of the small
landfill where the local communities without the services of the waste collection can consolidate
wastes for the bulk collection. The facilities of large scale in the main cities are made to
compress and ram loads of wastes into the long haul vehicles to maximize the efficiency of
transportation (Awaji, 2014).
Resource recovery facilities: the facilities are designed to sort and process the materials that are
discarded using many biological, mechanical, and thermal technologies. The major kinds of the
resource recovery infrastructures are facilities of processing the garden organics, facilities to
recover the materials from wastes, facilities for recycling, and facilities for alternative treatment
of wastes (Azeem, 2012).
Landfills: landfills dominate the waste infrastructure and receive forty per cent of the wastes.
They are the favoured mixed wastes destination because of their availability and capacity of
existing facilities. In Australia 1168 licensed operational landfills receive twenty million tons of
wastes every year.

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Drivers of energy generation
Growth in the quantity of the wastes produced per capita in Australia has been driven by the
demographic, economic and geographic activities. The results of the Australians' quick growing
materially intensive economy is the generation of large quantity of the wastes (Britain, 2016).
figure 2: waste generation composition (Britain, 2016)