Use of Waste Plastic in Bituminous Road Construction: A Literature Review

Prof. Curran/Dr. Saunders, 2013, project template v2
Template Project Proposal and Plan
By ‘Author Name’
Affiliation (MSc Profile or Track) & Study no.

Prof. Curran/Dr. Saunders, 2013, project template v2
Executive Summary
The assignment had covered the development of the specific execution of the activities and
defining the simplification of the objectives aligning with the continuation of the successful
information management. The topic of use of Waste Plastic in Bituminous Road Construction
has been considered for the development of the information management and aligning the
utilization of the successful information management. The research question had been developed
considering the implementation of the activities and improving the management of the successful
development. The management would be helpful for enduring the configuration of the activities
and aligning the significant analysis. The analysis of the secondary data was done for identifying
the probable issues in the use of the waste plastic disposal while using for the construction of the
bituminous road. It had been seen in the study that the utilization of the waste plastic baggage
forms the disposal issues as it contains the hydrocarbon compounds that are not easily
degradable.
Keywords: plastic waste, flexible pavement, strength, eradication of pot holes

Prof. Curran/Dr. Saunders, 2013, project template v2
1. Introduction
Plastic can be defined as a material comprising of one or more organic polymer with huge
molecular mass resulting in the formation of the finished state producing the finer states and built
against the natural process of degradation (Poulikakos et al. 2017). Plastics can be divided into
thermoplastics and thermoses. The plastics have been kept in several forms that are not easily
disposed resulting in several problems for the humans (Zaumanis and Mallick 2015). The
implication had resulted in defining the fact that with the growth of human population, the needs
of food and utilities have increased resulting in increasing the development of issues and
identification of the probable management information.
The following report would be developed for identifying the probable issues that have resulted in
forming the major issues in managing the disposal management. The hypothesis has been set for
developing the information management and identifying the probable issues in listing the
management of the successful analysis. The plastic waste has been resulting in development of
the activities and listing the information usefulness.
2. Literature Review
According to Cardoso, Silva, de Brito and Dhir (2016), the two major problems of Ghana are the
management of the solid waste materials and the potholes that are continuously being formed at
the road resulted by the heavy axle weights and excess traffic flow. The study also provided an
example of polypropylene (PP) mixing with the high density polyethylene (HDP), both of them
being a waste thermoplastic polymers and being mixed in the Conventional AC-20 graded
bitumen. The plastics were blended after being shredded with the bitumen ‘in-situ’ by the use of
activity development of shear mixture and heating it to a temperature of 160-170 degree Celsius.
The implication had resulted in defining the fact that with the growth of human population, the
needs of food and utilities have increased resulting in increasing the development of issues and
identification of the probable management information.
On the other hand Jafar (2016), have stated that the quantum plastics have a prior part in
municipal solid waste implying the utilization of the activities. The probable development would
allow the significant management of the activities and aligning the utilization of the improved
communication and management. Plastics can be divided into thermoplastics and thermoses. The
plastics have been kept in several forms that are not easily disposed resulting in several problems
for the humans. The plastic waste materials had resulted in impacting the lifestyle of the people.
The implication has been helpful for redefining the alignment of successful execution of the
operations for road construction (Wong et al. 2017). The main problem for the disposal of the

Prof. Curran/Dr. Saunders, 2013, project template v2
waste material is the non biodegradability factor for the deployment of the information
management. The information management would be effectively managed with the development
of the successive information development.
Jadon and Kansal (2016), have stated that the seasonal change in temperature has a significant
effect on the loading nature of the asphalt. The asphalt behavior of the plastic is highly impacted
due to the viscous-elastic nature of the plastic. The flexible pavement failures had impacted on
the development of the successful development of operations. The distress in the asphalt binder
and rutting causes cracks that are fatigue for the operations. The study included the impact of the
low and high density polyethylene mixed with crumb rubber resulting in the addition to the
bitumen used for construction of the road. The dynamic shear Rheometer (DSR) has been helpful
for calculating the complex modulus (G*) and phase angle. The mixture of the low density
polyethylene, high density polyethylene, and crumb rubber were use for the identification of the
significant binder properties.
3. Research Question, Aim/Objectives and Sub-goals
The research questions for the study are,
a. What is the reduction amount of bitumen needs for the study?
b. What is the percentage of plastic waste in bitumen road construction?
The aims/objectives of the study are,
 To execute the soil test for identifying the percentage of plastic
 To design the pavements those are flexible in terms of environment protection
 To calculate the aggregate of plastic and incorporate plastic using titanium dioxide
The sub goals of the study are,