Water Quality Management and Control of Water Pollution in the UK

The proposal presents an analysis of the water pollution in the United Kingdom. The methodology of the research has been taken into consideration in order to imply the analysis of water pollution in the United Kingdom in a proper and appropriate manner. The degradation of marine life as a result of water pollution is also observed from the proposal.

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WATER QUALITY MANAGEMENT AND CONTROL OF
WATER POLLUTION IN THE UK

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Abstract
The proposal presents an analysis of the water pollution in the United Kingdom. The
methodology of the research has been taken into consideration in order to imply the analysis
of water pollution in the United Kingdom in a proper and appropriate manner. The
degradation of marine life as a result of water pollution is also observed from the proposal.
The strategy of the research with reference to the proposal is also inferred and observed.

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Table of Contents
Chapter 1: Introduction..............................................................................................................5
Introduction............................................................................................................................5
Research Background.............................................................................................................5
Aims and Objectives..............................................................................................................6
Rationale of Research............................................................................................................6
Study Significance.................................................................................................................7
Summary................................................................................................................................7
Chapter 2: Literature Review.....................................................................................................7
Introduction............................................................................................................................7
Water Pollutants types............................................................................................................8
Organic Soluble Pollutants.................................................................................................8
Organic Insoluble Pollutants..............................................................................................8
Inorganic Soluble Pollutants..............................................................................................8
Inorganic Insoluble Pollutants............................................................................................8
Protocols for River water management..................................................................................9
Importance of Water..........................................................................................................9
Ingredients impacting quality of water..............................................................................9
Techniques used for detecting water pollutants.....................................................................9
Analysis of water sources...................................................................................................9
Programs concerning water sampling..............................................................................10
Analysing the quality of water in UK..............................................................................10
Various water management techniques................................................................................10
Policies and regulations concerning wastewater and pollution management......................11
Quality of river water impacting health...............................................................................11
Chapter 3: Methodology..........................................................................................................12
Introduction..........................................................................................................................12

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Research Philosophy............................................................................................................12
Research approach...............................................................................................................12
Research design....................................................................................................................13
Research strategy.................................................................................................................13
Time horizon........................................................................................................................14
Data collection.....................................................................................................................14
Data Analysis.......................................................................................................................14
Reliability and Validity........................................................................................................15
Summary..............................................................................................................................15
Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation..........................................................................20
Conclusion............................................................................................................................20
Recommendation..................................................................................................................20
Linking with Objectives.......................................................................................................21
Limitation of research..........................................................................................................22
Future Scope.........................................................................................................................22
Reference List..........................................................................................................................23

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Chapter 1: Introduction
Introduction
Water is the necessity of life andthis needs tobeunderstood by the people over the globe. The
increasing pollution and the wastes in the water bodies has been deteriorating the quality of
the water as well as the lives of the people at large (Victor, 2017). The domestic and the
industrial actions and requirements exhibit huge amount of pollutions which pollutes the
environment as well as the water bodies. The activities such as sewage, agriculture,
households, industrial manufacturing, etc. has been observed to dump the wastes constantly
in the water bodies which has been impacting the quality of water hugely. Though there are
multiple management bodies which has been working in this concern but the efforts has been
observed to be not adequate and it requires some more hard core management skills and
techniques (Watts et al., 2015). The improvement of the quality of water needs to be taken
care of on a global level and this needs some authenticated bodies to be framed (Dadson et
al., 2017). Though the efforts has been observed to exist in this concern, some major step
needs to be enacted. The research would explore the requirements of the management of
water bodies and the objective of the research would also be presented gradually. The
research questions would also be framed in respect of the objectives which would make the
execution of the research much more reliable.
Research Background
The water management is activities are related to the development, distribution and planning
for the maximum utilisation of the water and its resources (Morse, 2016). The quality of
water is to be maintained by the management bodies and it is also the responsibility and the
duty of the management to frame up some plans which would help in accurate usage of water
without any wastage as well as the control over the pollutants to be caused which causes the
water pollution. As per Dalu and Froneman (2016), the industrial and the household
activities are the main cause of the water pollution and if it is not taken care of initially, t
could have some drastic effects on the human lives. On exploring United Kingdom, it has
been observed that about 40% of the rivers in England and Wales are polluted by sewage.
United Kingdom has been witnessing the downfall of the quality of water due to the
increasing pollutants causing the pollution. According to Choy (2015), the river which has
recorder the highest pollution in United Kingdom is Tame, at Denton. The cause of the
pollution in tis water body has been the contamination of micro plastics. The statically

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framed bodies has also revealed that the plastic contamination in UK is at the 90% of the
mark.
The management of the water bodies has become a requirement for UK, as the increasing
pollution in the water bodies could bring the country into a serious and problematic situation
in future (Creswell and Poth, 2017). The major causes of water pollution in England has been
marked to be because of agriculture pollution and oil pollution.
Aims and Objectives
Aims
The aim of the research is to investigate and research on the water pollution impacts in
United Kingdom along with the exploration on the water quality management in the
concerned country.
Objectives
The objectives of the research are as follows:
 To investigate the need of Water Quality Management in United Kingdom and the
need of controlling Water Pollution.
 To understand the importance and the vitality of Water Quality maintenance or the
importance of environment maintenance in United Kingdom.
 To check on the measures or the solutions for controlling the Water Quality and water
pollution in United Kingdom
 To bring on the measures that could be taken by the government of United Kingdom
in order to manage the Water Quality and improvise the environment conditions in the
country
 To provide recommendations in order to improve the condition of Environment
pollution concerning Water Quality in United Kingdom
Rationale of Research
The research is an essential and the required act to be performed as this would help in gaining
the information on the deterioration of the water bodies in United Kingdom and its impact on
the human lives and other factors (DeFries andNagendra, 2017). As has been observed that
the water in UK has not been managed adequately which has led to the issue of water quality
and the quantity would also be under pressure if it is not managed at first instance (Berry, et
al., 2018). It has been stated that 150 litres of water is used by a person in a day in UK, which

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is 164 litres in London. The health issue is no doubt raising along with the water quality
issue, but it is also having a side effect on the environment which would impact the human
lives again. It could be stated in a logical for that the quality issue of water if not maintained
well then the supply issue would also be raised in the near future (Patten and Newhart, 2017).
Study Significance
The increasing ratio of water pollution has brought in the need of one of the most important
and essential requirement of transforming and bringing n some new government policies and
regulations in this concern (McGrane, 2016). The quality of water needs to be maintained
well and the management also requires the attention of the government so that in future the
supply and the quality issues of water would not impact the health and the necessity of the
humans. The increasing health issues in UK has been the consequence of the deterioration in
the water quality and the water bodies due to the increased pollutants (Cao, Raith and
Griffith, 2015). The pollutants need to be mitigated through taking up some effective
measures which presents the significance of the study in the most relevant manner.
Summary
The above information provides the fact that the research would explore the water quality
along with the river levels, as well as the rate of flow of water and the rate of rainfall. These
assessment s would help in providing the accurate measures for the management of the water
and the supply of water which are among the major issues of United Kingdom (Cairns, 2017).
The water pollution needs to be taken as a serious matter of concern by the government of
UK and this would help in providing with the most effective measures.
Chapter 2: Literature Review
Introduction
As opined by Seinfeld and Pandis (2016), nearly two thirds of the earth's surface is covered
by water and less than one third is covered by land. As the population continue to grow, the
pressure on earth and its resources is also increasing. The planet's water resources are getting
depleted with each passing day which is majorly due to human activities. Pollution as we
know has been contributed by human beings and the recent developments are an evidence to
it. As identified by Jepson and Law (2016), starting from industrialisation to globalisation
around the globe, pollution has been persistent. The ever increasing pollution suggests that
human beings have exceeded their limits thereby making pollution a serious problem for
themselves. Today, the air we breathe, the water we drink and the space we live are totally

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contaminated which is only due to the rising pollution. Water pollution is one of such
pollution which has contaminated the water bodies making it difficult for human beings. Poor
quality of water indicates water pollution and therefore more than 7 billion people are
suffering from the effects of water pollution.
Water Pollutants types
Organic Soluble Pollutants
As suggested by Maier & Gentry (2015), Organic soluble water pollutants organic
compounds that may include herbicides and insecticides generally used in agriculture and
pest control. The presence of organic materials can impact health and the environment around
the world. Organic water pollutants include food processing waste, huge range of
organohalides and other chemical compounds. Fats and grease are also organic soluble
pollutants what might require certain upgradation. Since these are insoluble, they can have
lesser impact but the impact is still prevalent.
Organic Insoluble Pollutants
According to Zhu, et. al. (2017), organic insoluble pollutants generally include toxic
materials which are not able to dissolve in water. Pollutants like Petroleum, lubricants and
fuel combustion by products, chlorinated solvents, drug pollution and other insoluble
components cannot be easily mixed with water since they are denser and can float on the
surface of water. Water pollution can be caused by these insoluble materials that can impact
the human race and environment to a greater extent.
Inorganic Soluble Pollutants
Inorganic pollution is found naturally but since human production of goods has changed
drastically, and humans have altered those products to increase the amount of such pollutants
in the environment. According to Tan, Nancharaiah, van Hullebusch and Lens (2018), some
of the inorganic soluble water pollutants include food waste, silt or sediment, certain
fertilizers for commercial and residential use and other agricultural properties. All these
inorganic soluble components can be a threat the environment as they are difficult to manage
and decompose.
Inorganic Insoluble Pollutants
Inorganic insoluble pollutants are the pollutants which cannot be decomposed or are difficult
to clear in the environment and water bodies. According to Bat and Özkan (2019), Industrial
discharges and certain heavy metals from motor vehicles are generally insoluble. There can

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be floatables and Marine debris which cannot be mixed with water but have to be removed
from water in order to keep the water safe. Plastic and micro plastic pollution get discharged
into surface waters making them unfit for use.
Protocols for River water management
Importance of Water
Water is one of the most important substance as without water there would be no life on
earth. Apart from drinking multiple uses of water what the emerging need of clean drinking
water is rising with each passing day. Since it is the divine source of survival for all living
creatures, it becomes important for the humans to identify ways to procure clean water. The
vast amount of water is comprised of the oceans which plays an important role in stabilizing
the Earth's climate and making the environment hospitable for human life to survive.
Ingredients impacting quality of water
The quality of water has been a big risk for all living creatures. Unfortunately, the water
bodies are suffering from toxic levels making it unfit for consumption and any other use.
There have been many developmental changes happening to save water and provide clean
drinking water, but still water quality issues are persistent. There are many toxins in our
drinking water such as fluoride and chlorine. Lead is one of the mean toxin which country
recently impact human lives damaging their health severely. Polychlorinated biphenyls are
suspected to cause cancer and negatively impact the immune system of humans. Mercury is
another natural occurring element which when mixed with water can have issues like brain
damage, skin rashes and memory loss.
Techniques used for detecting water pollutants
Analysis of water sources
The analysis of water sources is generally carried out to identify the quality of water and the
chemical components and properties of the collected water samples. The main purpose is to
identify if the water is fit for use. The water analysis is carried out on water that are used on
water stream, rivers, on rainfall, on sea and water used in industrial processes. The analysis
makes it easier as the water needs to pass certain chemical standards following treatment to
receive quality water at the end of the analysis. There are different methods of analysing
water which includes conventional wet chemistry, electrochemistry, chromatography, and
spectrophotometry. These analysis identifying the different components and quantity of
components in the water.

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Programs concerning water sampling
Sampling water used to identify the quality of water with the help of different programs.
There can be different water chemistry and bacterial testing which helps to identify the
components of water and how they can be minimised to provide safe drinking water and
protect the long-term quality of water resources. Programs like a quick bacteria test, Lead
test, corrosion check, heavy metal water check, pesticide check, Radon water testing and
others.
Analysing the quality of water in UK
The analysis of water or water sampling can be a simple and effective measure to determine
the actual quality of water. In the United Kingdom, there are several ways of analysing the
quality of water, out of which analysis of drinking water contaminants is the most common
which involves identifying the organic and emerging contaminants present in the water. The
country is concerned about the natural environment and therefore Harmonized Monitoring
Scheme has been implemented in the all the major river systems in the UK. The country
follows regular rigorous chemical standards on all drinking water supplies.
Various water management techniques
Water management is one of the most important tasks that has been carried out by human
beings to make the water fit for drinking and other purposes. Humans have identified many
ways in which the water can be made sustainable. Water conservation is one of such
measures where water can be saved by taking certain measures. Measures like using dual
flush toilets, installing water metres to measure the amount of water used in a day, proper
utilisation of drinking water, fixing leaking pipes and also using less water for washing
machines, dishwashers, water gardens and cleaning cars. The groundwater level is decreasing
and increasing the thread from the rising pollution and over abstraction. There are several
pollutants which gets mixed with the water bodies making them unfit for use. Substances
such as nitrates are used for farming and later discharged into water bodies which can have an
adverse effect on the water bodies. Mining has also been considered to be polluting the
groundwater. UK government has standards for water conservation and safeguards the places
where the developments are carefully managed. Grey water is one kind of impure water
which has been used earlier or can probably be untreated rainwater. The use of grey water is
for certain purpose is that does not require clean water such as flushing the toilets. However,
rainwater harvesting can be a feasible option for households to collect get clean drinking
water from harvesting the rainwater.

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Policies and regulations concerning wastewater and pollution management
The importance of water policy and water law has been prevalent in the UK jurisdiction and
currently the country is certain directives containing the quality of water, water resource
management and service standards. The country has the Water Framework Directive that
ranges from bathing water, flooding and other water services. This framework is a complex
long term planning instrument which has resulted in making river basin management plans.
This will allow UK to develop a commitment to maintain the environmental status and
conserve the water basins as they are natural resources. The Drinking Water Directives set
the technical requirement for water services which are based on the World Health
Organisation guidelines but has been prepared looking into the UK standards. The technical
standards are kept in the entire UK. The water laws are however different in Scotland. On
wastewater management, UK implements The Urban Waste Water Treatment Directive that
has been helpful for the country since it has invested on it. The enforcement of water law
ensures that safe drinking water is provided to the people of UK. There are several other
short-term water policies across the United Kingdom which are helping the country to
manage the issues of water management and water conservation. The country has also been
facing the issues due to Brexit which can have impact on the future approaches.
Quality of river water impacting health
Water pollution can be a threat to human race as well as the environment. Water is an
important natural resource and used for multiple purposes the helps for the survival of human
being. According to the World Health Organisation it has been identified that 80% of the
diseases are caused due to water borne diseases. Therefore threat from unsafe drinking water
is too high and cannot be neglected. Poor quality of water and unhygienic means of procuring
water can be dangerous to human health and may even lead to death. The impact of charge of
Industrial and domestic waste in nearby water bodies is prohibited as this is the major reason
for water pollution. The discharge of heavy metals from industries can accumulate in the
nearby rivers and lakes that are harmful for animals and humans. Industrial wastes release
toxins that can suppress immune system, become a reason for acute poisoning, and leads to
reproductive failure. There are other diseases and infections directly impacting the health of
human beings. Vomiting, diarrhoea, kidney problems, skin diseases, gastroenteritis, and
many other issues can be spread through polluted water. Apart from that, human health is
affected by the direct damage of animal and plant nutrition. The contamination of water
bodies and pollutants are damaging the surface water as well as killing seaweeds, impacting

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the marine birds, fishes and other organisms that humans consume for food. The DDT
insecticide concentration has been increasing on the food chain making it difficult for human
being to consume healthy food. Therefore, water bodies’ water bodies are required to be kept
safe so that humans do not face the issues.
Chapter 3: Methodology
Introduction
The concerned chapter would present various methodologies that are available for the
researcher to choose from and the reason for the selection of each of the elements would be
presented too. The research would utilise the Quantitative and the Qualitative methods along
with the primary and the secondary data collection methods (Fauvel et al., 2016). The
descriptive research design would support the Quantitative methodology and the positivism
philosophy would help the research to be authentic and the deductive approach would
provide the base for the analysis through various tools. Thus these elements would be
presented in a detailed form along with the justification for its choice (Boeuf, Fritsch and
Martin-Ortega, 2018).
Research Philosophy
The concerned research utilised the positivism philosophy as it provides the surety of the
information and the authentication of the facts gets revealed. The positivism philosophy has
been chosen from the other two research philosophies that is Interpretivism and realism,
because of its accuracy and its support to the Quantitative methodology (Darling and Bowes,
2016).
Justification
The choice has been made in consideration of the facts that the positivism philosophy helps
in providing the data of Quantitative methodology in an accurate manner and the
maintenance of the quality also gets enhanced. The positivism philosophy provides the
research with clear and justified facts which helps in gaining the confidence of the readers
(Champion, Allan and Lavers, 2015).
Research approach
The research approach taken in the concerned research has been deductive in nature which
provided the research to be presented in an understandable manner. The deductive approach

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carries a feature of presenting the facts in a degrading manner that is through providing the
essentials of the requirement (Flick, 2015).
Justification
The deductive approach has been chosen for the research as this would help in presenting the
facts of the water management in a way that it could be understood by the general people.
The deductive approach provides the research to be presented in a deducting manner that is
the facts are presented initially and then the measures for those facts are presented. This has
helped the research in making some accurate actions (Cooke et al., 2016).
Research design
The research design is the factor of the research which provides complete detail of the
working of the research and thus, this is an essential and a vital part of the research. The
concerned research has taken the descriptive research design which provided the research
with a clear description of each and every action and plan that was required for the
completion of the research (Ferati, Kerolli-Mustafa and Kraja-Ylli, 2015).
Justification
The quality management of water required a detailed planning for the research which was
justified by the research design and this provided the research with a clear and a justified
designing. The research has been provided with an accurate designing and this supported the
research in every perspective.
Research strategy
The research required the action research strategy to be implemented as this provides the
research with a step by step planning and thus, this helps n accelerating the work of the
research. The action research strategy would favour the secondary data collection as the
strategy provides a platform for the execution of the data collection act in a planned and
justified way (Bussi et al., 2016). The collection of data on the river conditions and the
quality of water of UK, has been done through the action strategy which provided some most
relevant and authenticate facts. This action strategy helped in formulating new strategies and
methods for the management of water and control of water pollution in UK (Fezzi et al.,
2017).

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Time horizon
The time horizon for the concerned research has been taken to be the longitudinal time
horizon as there has been exploration of the data of several decades’ back which is favoured
by the concerned time horizon (Creswell, J.W. and Creswell, J.D., 2017). The longitudinal
time horizon helps the research to be authentic through providing the history along with the
present situation which gets utilised to frame the future of it. Thus the water bodies’ condition
in UK in the historical time has been explored which provided with a clear picture of the
percentage or the mark through which the deterioration in the water bodies has took place
(Carstea et al., 2016).
Data collection
The data collection for the research has been done through the primary as well as the
secondary research which helped in maintaining the justification to each of the data through
the support of the other. The primary data has been collected through conducting a survey of
about 30 workers or employees of the Pollution Management bodies of UK. This data has
been collected through a questionnaire and the secondary data has been collected through
regressively exploring the journal articles provided by NCBI, SCOPUS and few others. The
authentication of these journals helped in gathering the most relevant and applicable data and
information. The research has included about 17 journal articles which helped in gaining the
information on the deteriorating water bodies of UK and the cause of the same has also been
cross checked through various articles.
Data Analysis
The analysis of the data collected through the primary and the secondary methods of data
collection needs to be analysed through the most relevant and the most accurate tools of
analysis. The analysis of the data could be done through the statistical tests as this would help
in gaining the information on the river flow, rate of rain, evaluating water quality, quantity of
water, etc (Brack et al, 2016). These information’s on assessing clearly and accurately helped
in providing some relevant information and thus this made the research quite authentic and
accurate. The analysis of the secondary data done through thematic tool helps in providing
the views of the various authors and thus the authenticity of the research automatically
increases making the research much more applicable.

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Reliability and Validity
In this research paper, the researcher has validated information and data related to the river
water quality management of the river Tame. Several information and data has been collected
using secondary research methods in order to evaluate the prevalence of water contaminants.
Furthermore, several articles and WHO papers have been evaluated in order to analyse the
extent of river water contamination (Brooks et al., 2016). WHO and NHS papers would
provide detailed information regarding the mentioned topic. Therefore, it can be said that the
information that has been included in this paper are validated and have high reliability.
Summary
The entire chapter has focused on the tools and techniques that has been applied in the
research and the peer considerations of the research has also been stated with clear statements
and justifications. The methodologies that has been applied in the research has been observed
to provide the research with quality outputs and this has made the research an authentic and
accurate one. The research has considered the statistic tests as its data analysis tool which
provided the research with clear and justified findings.
Chapter 4: Data Findings and Analysis
Introduction
The data would be based on the aspect related to the water pollution in the United Kingdom
along with the proper analysis of the data in the desired manner. It would help in the
undertaking of the reasonable steps and measures in terms of the reduction of water pollution
in the United Kingdom to a considerable extent accordingly. The management of the
resources related to water would be inferred as a result of the analysis and sampling of the
date in an effective and efficient manner. It would also lead to the prevention of the misuse of
water by undertaking the correct steps and measures. The intensity of pollutants in water
along with the concept of turbidity would also be analysed in the desired manner. The aspect
related to undercurrents would also be taken into consideration as far as their blending with
the surface water is concerned.
Findings
The contamination of the natural resources has resulted in water pollution to a massive level.
Various activities such as the discharge of chemical effluents form factories and the disposal
of wastes in to the water bodies have led to the rise in the levels of pollution of water bodies

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to a huge extent thereby resulting in the degradation of the quality of water. It has also result
in the detrimental effect over the marine life thereby leading to the reduction of the life span
of flora and fauna to a considerable extent as far as the aquatic aspect is concerned. Sewage
has also contributed to water pollution to considerable extent thereby rendering various water
bodies at an abysmal state (Smith, 2018). In England and Wales, the rate of pollution of the
rivers is forty per cent. The findings also imply that the water pollution has led to global
warming to a certain level.
Concentration of Pollutants and how it relates to turbidity
The concept of turbidity implies the addition of colours in water thereby leading to the
removal of transparency. It is caused due to the mixing of various particles with water. It is
imperative that the pollutants discharged into the water bodies at a large concentration leads
to turbidity to a huge level (Cairncross and Feachem, 2018). As a result, the quality of the
water is identified and determined in an effective and efficient manner by the virtue of
turbidity. Higher level of discharge of pollutants leads to the increase in the level of turbidity
of water thereby resulting in the degradation and deterioration of the quality of water.
Dissolution of pollutants thereby being mixed with the suspended particles would lead to the
turbidity of water to a huge level. If the extent of turbidity rises, it leads to the pollution of the
water body to a huge extent as far as discolouring of water is concerned.
Analysis
It is analysed that water pollution leads to the damage of the environment thereby leading to
the disturbance of the ecosystem to a huge extent. It has also been observed that water
pollution leads to the elimination of the salubrious environment and surroundings to a
massive level. Appropriate steps and measures are to be taken to reduce water pollution
thereby applying the various kinds of approaches and techniques for the same. The
environmental laws are to be strictly implemented thereby leading to the stringent action for
water pollution. As a result, it is implied that the prevention of water pollution has to be dealt
with in a proper and appropriate manner as far as the protection of environment is concerned.
It would lead to the health and salubrious surroundings thereby fostering an incredible
environment. It would also lead to the reduction in terms of damage of marine life which is
cased manly due to water pollution.
Mixing of Undercurrents with the surface water

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The concept of undercurrent means a current of water which is below the water surface and
move in a direction which is in total contrast of the surface current. The blending of
undercurrent with the water surface mainly takes place at oceanic basins. The pollution of
groundwater leads to the pollution of surface water as a result of the mixing of the
undercurrents and the surface water (Hocking, 2016). As a result, the levels of water
pollution results in a sharp increase thereby rendering it unfit for human consumption and
utilization accordingly. The main sources of such kind of pollution are various kinds of
chemicals along with oil and harmful gases thereby leading to the contamination of ground
water which further leads to the degradation of surface water as a result of the mixing of the
undercurrent with the surface water thereby leading to water pollution to a certain level.
Discussion
It is implied that taking account of the current trends, water pollution is at an alarming rate.
As a result, there have been campaigns launched for the prevention of water pollution. Laws
have also been passed for the same along with the formulation and implementation of various
kinds of frameworks and policies. Various kinds of rules and regulations have also been
framed and implemented for the curtailment of water pollution. The environmental laws have
played an important role with regard to the reduction of water pollution at a huge level.
Controls and restrictions have been initiated with regard to the discharge of pollutants at
water bodies as far as the case of United Kingdom is concerned (McKeown, 2015). As a
result, it implies the safety and security of marine life in addition to the fostering of health
and safety to at the required level as far as the maintenance of the norms and standards are
concerned.
Variability in the water air and water soil Interface
The variability in the water air interface implies the aspect in terms of the emission of gases
at the interface of the water and atmosphere accordingly thereby resulting in water pollution
to a certain extent. It implies that air pollution and water pollution are interlinked and related
with each other accordingly (Liquete et al., 2016). The change in climate also results in the
variability in the water air interface. As a result, air pollution needs to be prevented in order
to reduce water pollution to the desired level. The water soil interface with regard to
variability implies the dissolution of the organic products of the soil into the water which
potentially causes pollution of the water to a great extent. As a result, it is hereby inferred that

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the soil pollution must be prevented at the ground level thereby implying the decrease in
water pollution.
Variability in Turbidity and its impact on quality
The variability in turbidity implies the fluctuations in the colour of water as far as the loss of
the transparency is concerned. It has a huge impact on the quality of water thereby resulting
in the detrimental effect over the water as far as its utilization for various purposes are
concerned. As a result, it leads to the pollution of water to a great extent. The aspect of
turbidity needs to be detected and examined at regular levels and the steps for the prevention
of such turbidity must be undertaken at the earliest thereby resulting in the addressing of
issues relating to water pollution as a result of turbidity in an incredible manner (Hobbie,
2017). Additionally, the proper technology must be implemented for the detection of the
variability in turbidity in an effective and efficient manner. It would help in the reduction of
water pollution to a considerable extent.
Sites Sampling
The concept related to sites sampling implies the collection of water of various sites and the
examining of the collected water in the desired manner with reference to the analysis of the
water in a proper and appropriate manner thereby being enabled to detect and identify the
extent of the pollutants present in the water in a proper and appropriate manner as far as
water pollution is concerned. It would also facilitate the ease of the analysis pertaining to the
contamination of water thereby implying the desired outcomes and undertaking appropriate
steps and remedies for the prevention of water pollution in the respective site in a
considerable manner (Aftab, Hanley and Baiocchi, 2017). The supervision and investigation
of the site has to be carried out in a proper and appropriate manner thereby leading to the
prevention of the discharge of pollutants into the water accordingly.
Summary
It is observed that the concept of water pollution has been analysed in a proper and
appropriate manner. Various factors and instances of water pollution have been taken into
consideration which includes turbidity. The reduction of water pollution by the undertaking
of appropriate steps and measures have also been highlighted and taken into consideration.
The concept of turbidity and its effect on water quality has also been discussed and
demonstrated in the context of water pollution. The water air interface and water soil

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interface have also been taken into consideration as far as the analysis of water pollution is
concerned. The aspect of the protection of environment has also been analysed in an
effective and efficient manner with reference to the contamination of water.

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Chapter 5: Conclusion and Recommendation
Conclusion
The entire research has provided with the information that the quality of the water in UK has
a direct impact of the rate of flow of water, rainfall, climatic changes and other factors. The
government needs to take up some serious actions in this concern as the matter is quite
serious and it could change into a drastic one if it is not taken seriously by the country. The
research also provided with the fact the health of the people has been deteriorating due to the
fall in the quality of water and this could grow into a major issue in the next few years if the
river Tame is not saved. The management of water in order to maintain the supply of water
even in the future generations is an essential requirement and this needs to be done through
taking u some serious actions or measures. The solution to the issue of water pollutants could
be acknowledged through taking up the step towards reducing the domestic and industrial
wastes which has been the major cause of the pollutants. The micro-plastics needs to be
checked on its use as this would help majority in reducing the water pollution and river
pollution. United Kingdom needs to build up an accurate plan in concern of the water
pollutants and this needs to be followed by the accurate execution of the plan which could
save the country from future disasters to take place. The extinct of water would cost the
country hugely ad this could dissolve the entire country as a whole.
Recommendation
On acknowledging the entire position and situation of UK water bodies and the condition of
the governance in this concern, it has been realized that the country needs to take up some
effective and proper management. The country needs to improvise its working skills in this
concern and this could be done through understanding the following recommendations.
 The foremost recommendation is that the country needs to take up some serous and
strict regulations in the concern of water management and control. The government
needs to frame up the policies in an accurate manner and on framing the policies the
application of the same should be planned in a strict manner. There are various
policies regarding the water quality maintenance and water control but the issue is
that the people do not follow it. The government needs to frame up the policies for
following the framed up policies of water management. The government needs to be
strict with the follow up of the regulations.

21
 The second recommendation is that the country needs to comply with the
environmental laws which would help in maintaining the environment and its
ingredients. The Environmental Protection Act, 1990, has been framed this concern
which provided with some positive returns but it needs to be more accurate in order to
control the water pollution. The Control of Pollution Act 1974 needs to be
transformed and this would help in gaining the accuracy in reducing the pollutants.
Linking with Objectives
To investigate the need of Water Quality Management in United Kingdom and the need of
controlling Water Pollution.
The necessity of water quality management has been rightly acknowledged and the
requirement of controlling the water pollution has been explored in the research on a wide
basis.
To understand the importance and the vitality of Water Quality maintenance or the
importance of environment maintenance in United Kingdom.
The river Tame has been explored well and the importance or the need of maintaining the
flow of river has been rightly stated in various aspects.
To check on the measures or the solutions for controlling the Water Quality and water
pollution in United Kingdom
The country has taken up several measures in the concern of controlling the water pollution
but some more strict and accurate measures are required for maintaining the flow of the water
bodies in the country.
To bring on the measures that could be taken by the government of United Kingdom in order
to manage the Water Quality and improvise the environment conditions in the country
The objective has been met through considering the various requirements of the new laws and
governance in the country concerning the water management. The objective has been
adequately explored and provided with some relevant solutions.
To provide recommendations in order to improve the condition of Environment pollution
concerning Water Quality in United Kingdom
The recommendations has been framed in an accurate manner through considering the
various facts about the measures that has been taken by the country but has been ineffective.

22
The country needs to follow the recommendations in an accurate manner as this would help
the country in maintaining its quality and controlling the flow.
Limitation of research
The research has been made through maintaining the accuracy but there exist some
limitations too which should have been identified in the initiation of the research in order to
deliver a perfect research. The exploration has been unsuccessful in exploring the historical
facts of the water pollution and the measures that has been utilised by the past people. This
would have helped in understanding the reason for the occurrence of the pollutants.
Future Scope
The research carries a future scope of exploring the historical data and the measures that were
applied in the previous era so that the cause and the reason for the occurrence of the
pollutants and the issue of management of water has occurred. The future research could
explore the facts about the quality maintenance in the past and the management skills utilised
in the respective concern which would provide the zest of the issue.

23
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