WATER QUALITY 11. : WATER QUALITY.

Running head: WATER QUALITY
Annotated bibliography
Rivers and catchments.
Water quality
Name
ID
Course
Unit
Lecturer

WATER QUALITY 2
Hounslow, A. (2018). Water quality data: analysis and interpretation. CRC press.
Hounslow does his research as an extensive water management analyst to explain water quality.
In his analysis, the author explains that water is an important requirement for industrial
development and human consumption. Apart from that, water forms the essential art of the
environment. However, for the past decades, many people have been demanding for clean water
because of increase in industrialization and growth of human population. It is therefore
necessary to assess the quality of water within the hydro environment. Consequently, the author
explains that there are crucial factors that determine the water quality. Some of these factors
include waste effluent, climate and other human activities around the water catchment areas.
Consequently, from the result of the analysis from the author, people deploy low water quality
measures during dry season as compared to wet season.
Martin, J. L., & McCutcheon, S. C. (2018). Hydrodynamics and transport for water quality
modelling. CRC press.
According to Martin and McCutcheon, the major factors that influence water quality in most
rivers and lakes include livestock and agricultural activities around the area. The livestock waste
comprises of inorganic and organic nitrogen substances which are high water pollutant.
However, Emerenciano, Martínez-Córdova, Martínez-Porchas, & Miranda-Baeza, (2017) argue
that, these pollutants also include high level of nitrogen ammonia-nitrogen and other pathogenic
bacteria. The animal waste lead to severe damage in the environment settings. These waste
material surround the water surfaces, they minimize the amount of oxygen. Consequently, the
waste cause the production of algae to increase within the water surfaces. These activities causes
waste material which affect the quality of water negatively. For instance they lead to some
diseases whereby when human beings consume the water, their health start deteriorating.

WATER QUALITY 3
Ji, Z. G. (2017). Hydrodynamics and water quality: modeling rivers, lakes, and estuaries. John
Wiley & Sons.
Ji talks about the quality of water in rivers and other water catchments areas. According to the
author, for the past five years, several rivers and lakes have showed increase in water pollution
level worldwide. However, from research and analysis done in the past three years, the main
causes of the pollution is human activities. For example industrialization, mining, urbanization
and the agricultural activities. Consequently, Loucks, & Van Beek, (2017) outlined that there are
many changes in relation to the land use. Further, the author elaborates that countries must plan
on how to make use of the available land to prevent water pollution. Apart from the human
activities going around many rivers, the author explains that the population have also increased.
The increase in human population have made the available land inadequate for human
settlement. Man people have extended towards the water catchment areas, however, their
activities in those places negatively influence water quality.
Boyd, C. E. (2015). Water quality: an introduction. Springer.
The main goal of Boyd is to explain ways of improving water quality on rivers and other water
catchment areas. According to the author he has outlined that one main source of water pollution
is human activities around the water catchment areas. Therefore, one main step to take for the
security of water quality is to control the amount of farm detergents that human beings use
around the water catchment areas. The fertilizers contain minerals that reduce the water quality.
For example nitrogen. Another suggestion to improve quality of water is to plant trees around the
streams and hills. The trees will prevent land run-off during the rainy seasons. The country
should also have care planning of its development plan. Proper planning ensures that human
activities have a minimal negative impact on water quality. The last step is to manage the

WATER QUALITY 4
livestock properly b ensuring they drink away from the water point. Drinking around water
source promote direct water pollution.
Clasen, T. F., Alexander, K. T., Sinclair, D., Boisson, S., Peletz, R., Chang, H. H., ... &
Cairncross, S. (2015). Interventions to improve water quality for preventing
diarrhoea. Cochrane database of systematic reviews, (10).
The above book aims at elaborating the impact of low quality or polluted water on human
beings. These group of authors elaborate that diarrhoea is one of the prevalent result of several
cases of death especially among infants coming from the third world nations. However, the
agents of the infection associated with diarrhoea come from the contaminated water. Through the
research of several publishers, many rivers from low income countries are contaminated with
faeces. The members of these societies lack the proper way of treating water and that result to
constant diarrhoea cases. These group of authors proposes water quality improvement methods
in these areas. These settings needs source based methods of improving the quality of water.
Some of these ways include building protected ground water which include bore holes, wells and
springs. However, when family rivers, streams and lakes are the only option for the family, they
can implement other methods of improving water quality standards. Such methods comprises of
filtration, oiling, chlorination and solar disinfection. Timely based methods are important to
these families. For example, these authors recommend the society to have an immediate process
of treatment when one fetch water from the rivers. Consequently, there are some rivers or
streams that have constant water. It means that there are high risk of diseases in this places. For
instance, the mosquitoes breed in the water. These animals already compromises the quality of
water. When people fetch the water and drink, they not only contact diarrhoea but also other
waterborne diseases. From the research and analysis these group of authors did, method of