Design of a Water Supply System for Mudgee Based on Ground Water and Rainwater Harvesting

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DESIGN OF A WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR MUDGEE BASED ON THE GROUND
WATER AND SUPPLEMENTED BY RAINWATER HARVESTING
By Name
Course
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Institution
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Date

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Abstract
Mudgee is a town located in the central of New South Wales, Australia. The region is
characterized with extensive fertile Cudgegong river valley approximately 261km north-west of
Sydney. The area of study is greatly characterized by inadequate safe, clean and sufficient water
for consumption, hence need for exploring ways on how to obtain it. The existing water sources
such as ground water and rain are nor reliable to meet the requirement of the growing
population due to the development of a new university that will cater for roughly 20,000 students
with that the population of Mudgee will reach 25,000 people by 2020 and it is expected to be
growing at an annual rate of 5%.With that there is need to design a water supply system for this
area based on the ground water and supplemented by rainwater harvesting which has the ability
to cater for water demands for this area till 2070.

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TABLE OF CONTENTS
Abstract............................................................................................................................................2
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION................................................................................................4
1.0 Project background....................................................................................................................4
1.1 Problem statement.....................................................................................................................6
1.3 Site analysis and inventory........................................................................................................6
1.4 Project aims and objectives.......................................................................................................7
CHAPTER 2: LITERATURE REVIEW....................................................................................8
2.1 Introduction................................................................................................................................8
2.2 Types of water supply systems..................................................................................................9
2.21 Rain water based water supply system....................................................................................9
2.22 Ground water based water system...........................................................................................9
2.23 Surface water based water system...........................................................................................9
2.3 Selection of a water source......................................................................................................10
2.4 Pump selection and Design......................................................................................................11
2.41 The positive displacement pumps..........................................................................................11
2.42 Rotodynamic pumps...............................................................................................................11
2.5 Working principles of turbines and pumps..............................................................................12
2.6 Expression relating to the power to flow.................................................................................13
2.7 Matching pump to a pipe.......................................................................................................15

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CHAPTER 3: METHODOLOGY.............................................................................................15
3.1 Pump design.............................................................................................................................15
3.2 Bill of quantities and cost estimation.......................................................................................15
3.3 Design of the water Distribution points...................................................................................15
3.4 The Design of the storage tank................................................................................................16
3.5 Pipe selection and design.........................................................................................................16
CHAPTER 4: FINDINGS AND DISCUSSIONS......................................................................16
4.1 Bowral aquifer physical properties..........................................................................................16
4.2 Water quality testing................................................................................................................17
4.4 Growth of the proposed population.........................................................................................18
4.5 The water Demand...................................................................................................................18
4.6 Bill of quantities......................................................................................................................19
CHAPTER 5: CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS..............................................22
5.1 Recommendations....................................................................................................................22
5.2 Conclusion...............................................................................................................................22
CHAPTER 6: REFERENCES....................................................................................................24

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DESIGN OF A WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR MUDGEE BASED ON THE GROUND
WATER AND SUPPLEMENTED BY RAINWATER HARVESTING
CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION
1.0 Project background
In life water is a very important element, human beings and animals cannot do without water.
Even though 75% of the earth’s surface is covered with water, obtaining potable water for the
increasing population is a great challenge. In the arid and semi-arid areas water is a very scarce
resource which costs a lot and for the little that is obtained does not meet the necessary qualities.
According to a report by UNICEF, approximately 1.1 billion people lack access to fresh water
and approximately three million people die annually from water related complications majority
of which are children and elderly people. Water quality refers to the physical and basic
characteristics of water which determines its suitability for human consumption. The quality of
water has great impacts on human health both in long-term and short term (Hsi, 2014).
A research carried out by United Nations Environmental Program (UNEP) indicates that
approximately a third of the world’s population resides in countries where the stress for water is
moderate to high. Australia is one of the countries categorized by UNEP as chronically ‘water
scares’ According to the categorizing criteria a country is referred to as chronologically ‘water
scarce’. A country is categorized as water scarce if its annual water supply is less than 1000
cubic meters Australia’s per capital water supply is below 1000 meter cubic. the fast growing
human population and the fact that Australia is located in the driest continent increases the
pressure on fresh water (Johnson, 2019).
The World Health Organization (WHO) water safety plan ensures water is both secure and safe.
World Health Organizations and other 14 cooperating research institutions have approximated

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that 841000 diarrhea deaths in the middle and low income countries can be associated to poor
sanitation, water and hygiene. This results to 1.5 percent of the overall and 58 percent of
diarrheal diseases. Hence World Health Organization has developed Household water treatment
and safe storage interventions which can result to great improvement in the quality of fresh
water and therefor e reduce the rate of diarrhea related illness. With that it makes an instant
difference to the human lives of those people who fully depend on water from the polluted lakes,
rivers and in some situations unsafe piped water or wells (Swamee, 2018).
The millennium Development Goals are the world’s quantified and time bound targets for
addressing hunger, poverty, lack of adequate shelter, diseases and lack of portable water while
promoting gender equality, environmental sustainability and education. The goals are also basic
human rights- the rights of each person on the universe to education, shelter, health and security.
The millennium Development Goals that have been replaced by SDGS after their expiry in 2015,
these current global goals advocate for water related projects to achieve the goals. The current
global goals are very clear regarding to the provision of clean as a basic human rights. The goals
call for ensuring availability and the sustainable management of water there is hope that by 2030
all the global goals would have been achieved by undertaking various projects aimed at the
global goals aims.
1.1 Problem statement
The area of study is greatly characterized by inadequate safe, clean and sufficient water for
consumption, hence need for exploring ways on how to obtain it. The existing water sources
such as ground water and rain are nor reliable to meet the requirement of the growing
population due to the development of a new university that will cater for roughly 20,000 students
with that the population of Mudgee will reach 25,000 people by 2020 and it is expected to be