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Welding Racing Cars: A Literature Review

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Added on 2024/07/12

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This literature review explores the current state of welding technology in the context of racing car design and manufacturing. It examines various research articles and reports focusing on topics such as arc welding, laser welding, and the use of lightweight materials like aluminum. The review highlights the challenges and opportunities presented by welding in achieving optimal performance, durability, and weight reduction in racing cars. It also identifies gaps in existing research and suggests potential areas for future investigation.

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Literature Planner
Student Name: Student Number:
Topic: Welding Racing Cars
2

Contents
Literature Planner............................................................................................................................ 4
Critical Summary..........................................................................................................................23
Bibliography..................................................................................................................................24
Mind Map...................................................................................................................................... 25
3

Literature Planner
Reference Number: 1
Title of Article: Arc Welding Technology for Automotive Steel Sheets
Authors: KODAMA, Et. al., (2013)
Publication: Senior Researcher, Welding & Joining Research Centre, Steel Research Laboratories
Type: PDF Report
Year Published: 2013 Number of citations: 18
Primary or Secondary: Secondary Information
Publication Rating:
CiteScore: Rank: Percentile: In-Category: CiteScore Year:
What was the research question?
Is the use of Arc Welding Technology useful for Automotive Steel Sheets
What themes were discussed in the Literature Review?
The themes which they had discussed in the literature review are Arc Welding and its importance. The
use of welding technology in the Automotive Steel Sheets is also described under this. The focus was
on the automotive chassis members or the members of the body. The discussion includes the term Cold
Metal transfer which describes the use of this for improving CMT applied welding spot of the vehicle.
Design: The use of design in this literature is based on the experimental design and statistical analysis.
The experimental design is used for which they have designed different parts and used them to provide
the information diagrammatically. A little portion of the statistical analysis is also provided under this
literature review.
What was the finding?
The finding was that there are some problems which are related to the Arc welding technology to be
used for the Automotive steel sheets. There is a need to enhance the reliability of weld joints which can
4

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be done through the approaches. This is needed to effectively respond to the greater needs of high-
strength sheets.
What were the gaps?
The gaps or the limitations of this literature review or report paper is that it has no point, particularly
for racing cars. There is a general discussion over the Arc Welding technology in Automotive steel
sheets. Formation of mechanical weld beds is also discussed under this report but not particularly for
racing cars.
5

Reference Number: 2
Title of Article: DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A TUBULAR SPACE FRAME CHASSIS OF A
HIGH PERFORMANCE RACE CAR
Authors: M. P Kumar, Et. al., (2014)
Publication: International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology
Type: Journal
Year Published: 2014 Number of citations: 6
Primary or Secondary: Secondary Information
Publication Rating:
CiteScore: Rank: Percentile: In-Category: CiteScore Year:
What was the research question?
The research question is related with the designing and analysing of the tabular space frames chassis
for a higher performance of the race car. The question was rained in the research journal about the
effectiveness of the designing to weld in the tabular space frames chassis to provide high-performance
race cars. The race cars are required to provide the high performance in the manner to increase the
effective designing of tabular space frames chassis from welding technology.
What themes were discussed in the Literature Review?
The themes which were discussed in this journal are based on Ergonomics, Tabular spaces frames
chassis, validation, and setup. Designing of the frames in the manner to increase the effective
improvement in the performance of race cars are also the part of the discussion. Finite element
analysis, testing and roll cage are some themes which were discussed in this literature review.
Design: Static structural testing, simulation, structural analysis, and validations are included in this.
What was the finding?
The designing and analysis of tabular space frame chassis are safe in the race cars. It helps in
increasing the performance of the race cars and had made it as light as possible.
6

What were the gaps?
The gaps in this literature are that it has less connection with welding overall. It has particularly
discussed the tabular space frame chassis but welding overall is less discussed under this which is a
limitation of this Journal.
7

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Reference Number: 3
Title of Article: 3D opportunity in the automotive industry
Authors: Giff, Et. al., (2014)
Publication: A Deloitte series on additive manufacturing
Type: PDF Report
Year Published: 2014 Number of citations: 59
Primary or Secondary: Secondary
Publication Rating:
CiteScore: Rank: Percentile: In-Category: CiteScore Year:
What was the research question?
The research question is based on the objective which is to understand the 3D opportunity which
comes from the automotive industry. This is the question based on the manufacturing of the race cars.
The welding is a part of it and this research question is on the challenges which are being faced by the
company.
What themes were discussed in the Literature Review?
The themes which are basically having the discussion over in this report are the manufacturing of the
racing cars and automobiles in the manner to make their performance greater than expected. The
ultrasonic welding is the process which is discussed in this literature to determine in dealing with
metals.
Design: Experimental designing and manufacturing are concerned with this literature regarding the
design.
What was the finding?
The findings are related to the growth and innovation which technology has brought up for the
companies in the automobile sector. The industry is focusing on the 3D technology for making the
8

racing cars effective. The welding is also one on the ultrasound technique which will result in
improvement in performance of racing cars.
What were the gaps?
Gaps or the limitation of the report is that this has not provided deep information about welding in
racing cars. The different and new technology of welding are provided under this report but a gap of
information about welding cannot be filled with this report.
9

Reference Number: 4
Title of Article: Lightweight Design and Welding Manufacturing of a Hydrogen Fuel Cell Powered
Car’s Chassis
Authors: Tsirogiannis, et. al., (2018)
Publication: MDPI, Basel
Type: Article
Year Published: 2018 Number of citations: 45
Primary or Secondary: Secondary information
Publication Rating:
CiteScore: Rank: Percentile: In-Category: CiteScore Year:
What was the research question?
The research question is what are the challenges of designing lightweight and welding manufacturing
of Hydrogen Fuel cell car’s chassis?
What themes were discussed in the Literature Review?
The themes on which this literature is based are discussed on our chassis, lightweight and welding. The
manufacturing and DFA, CAD are also included in the themes of the literature. The literature also has
a discussion of the themes of cutting, part consolidation etcetera.
Design: Experimental and structural design for the manufacturing purpose is concerned with this
literature review.
What was the finding?
The findings are related to the effectiveness of the electrical and fuel cell powered cars. The engineers
did a great job towards this and a new technique of welding racing cars for improving their
performance is also increased. The finding is that the designing of the cars using welding can be done
to help and support the human resources efforts.
10

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What were the gaps?
The gaps and limitations of this article are that the focus on the designing and cost-cutting has been
focused. Some sort of importance of welding must also be provided which was lacking in this
literature.
11

Reference Number: 5
Title of Article: Influence of the Overlapping Factor and Welding Speed on T-Joint Welding of
Ti6Al4V and Inconel 600 Using Low-Power Fiber Laser
Authors: Janasekaran, et. al., (2016)
Publication: MDPI, Basel
Type: Article
Year Published: 2016 Number of citations: 31
Primary or Secondary:
Publication Rating:
CiteScore: Rank: Percentile: In-Category: CiteScore Year:
What was the research question?
The research question is based on the influence or impact of overlapping factor and welding on the
different processes of the welding. The laser welding is also provided in the research literature.
What themes were discussed in the Literature Review?
The themes which were discussed in the literature review are based on the overlapping factor and T-
joint pull test. The themes which are discussing in this literature are provided under this literature
review.
Design: Experimental design and structural design are the designs under this.
What was the finding?
The finding of the single-sided laser beam welding performed under Inconel 600 and Ti6Al4V was
that when optical micrograph of a cross section of the sample was observed and analyzed it was seen
that there was asymmetry in welding seam due to single side welding. Welded area has a concave
shape where the non-welded area displayed a convex structure. Single sided laser performs
successfully on the thin sheets. The deepness of the welding depends on the heat and penetration
factor.
12

What were the gaps?
This literature worked on the effective details about the welding and racing cars. This has very
technological and technical terms which made the literature confusing. The depth and analysis of the
diagrams have provided effective knowledge but this made the explanation little tough. The literature
can be improved by using normal terms.
13

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Reference Number: 6
Title of Article: CHASSIS AND IMPACT ATTENUATOR DESIGN FOR FORMULA STUDENT
RACE CAR
Authors: Oshinibosi, A. (2012)
Publication: University of Leeds school of Mechanical Engineering
Type: PDF Report
Year Published: 2014 Number of citations: 61
Primary or Secondary: Secondary Information
Publication Rating:
CiteScore: Rank: Percentile: In-Category: CiteScore Year:
What was the research question?
The research questions were related to the rules regarding the design and performance of F15 race cars.
These research questions are based on identifying the impact of welding and quick technique of
welding on the performance of the race cars.
What themes were discussed in the Literature Review?
The themes which are related to the literature review are basically the chassis structures, Monocoque
chassis, space frame chassis are some major discussed terms. The themes also include designing and
performance requirements of the cars. The side impact structure and torsional stiffness are also the part
of the literature review. Structural requirements and design optimisation provides the shaping of the
literature review. The modelling of cars is also included in this paper.
Design: Structural design, experimental design arcs two major forms used for this literature.
What was the finding?
Finding of this literature is based on that the need of designing and development of the technology
designing of the race car are effective. This is the result of the report that CAE tools provide in the
14

generation and creation of the efficient designs as well as produce lighter products. This is completely
depended don the user optimisation in engineering.
What were the gaps?
The gaps or the limitations of this literature are that it is majorly based on testing and results. Further
this research is also unable to present the impact of welding and new techniques in welding. The racing
cars and performance improvement of it is included which miss the welding in their theory.
15

Reference Number: 7
Title of Article: Monitoring Heat Treatment to Improve Weld Quality
Authors: DESAI, P. (2010)
Publication: THE AMERICAN WELDER
Type: PDF Article
Year Published: 2010 Number of citations: 30
Primary or Secondary: Secondary Information
Publication Rating:
CiteScore: Rank: Percentile: In-Category: CiteScore Year:
What was the research question?
The quality of welding is to be improved a there is noticed points of cracking in welding which affects
the vehicles performance. The controlling measures of pre and post welding heat treatments with metal
characteristics are effective or not are discussed under this literature.
What themes were discussed in the Literature Review?
The themes are basically on the areas which are majorly susceptible to cracking of welding. The
learning of heating treatment and welding operation and factors which affects the welding are provided
under this literature.
Design: Manufacturing designs are the design used under this literature.
What was the finding?
The findings of the literature paper is that the welding in cars and vehicle is necessary to be properly
done as the literature focus on the cracking of the welding and effects of pre and post welding in the
vehicles. This temperature and heating methods affect this issue in the vehicles.
What were the gaps?
16

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The gaps or limitation of the literature are basically the welding and pre post welding effects on the
cars and other vehicles has been explained. The deep information about the effective welding in racing
car to improve their efficiency and performance can be more highlighted to make the literature more
helpful.
17

Reference Number: 8
Title of Article: From the Lab to your Driveway: Aluminum Tailor-Welded Blanks
Authors: Kunkel & Hovanski (2016)
Publication: TWB Welding Journal
Type: Journal Article
Year Published: 2016 Number of citations: 5
Primary or Secondary: Secondary Information
Publication Rating:
CiteScore: Rank: Percentile: In-Category: CiteScore Year:
What was the research question?
The research question which is designed under this journal article or literature is to identify the
aluminum tailor welded blanks. The design is being in the manner to provide the literature an essence
of the manufacturing units and the need of understanding the importance of welding. The fuel
efficiency and its price are to be identified under this literature.
What themes were discussed in the Literature Review?
The themes which are discussed under this literature are Aluminum Replacing steel, the price of fuel
efficiency and supply chain collaboration has been considered under this. The application of the
welding is important and the automobile industry is being focused on the same.
Design:
The manufacturing designing is focused under this literature to explain the themes.
What was the finding?
The design is being in the manner to provide the literature an essence of the manufacturing units and
the need of understanding the importance of welding. The fuel efficiency and its price are to be
18

identified under this literature. It is very effective to use welding functions in the development of
racing cars.
What were the gaps?
The gaps or limitation of this literature is that it only focused on the aluminum welding and its
importance and effect in changing the fuel economy.
19

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Reference Number: 9
Title of Article: DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A PROTOTYPE ELECTRIC VEHICLE’S
CHASSIS
Authors: Koumartzakis, et. al., (2018)
Publication: 7th BETA CAE International Conference
Type: Conference PDF
Year Published: 2018 Number of citations: 5
Primary or Secondary: Secondary information
Publication Rating:
CiteScore: Rank: Percentile: In-Category: CiteScore Year:
What was the research question?
The research questions are based on the designing and development of the electric vehicles so as to
save fuel and work on batteries and hydrogen gas. The welding in the racing cars is still required as
their strong surface an in built phase needs to be concerned for racing. This could be done by research
questions.
What themes were discussed in the Literature Review?
Literature review discusses the themes related to the chassis evaluation, linear static analysis, modal
analysis and META. These are focused with the design and technical requirements and various other
heads.
Design:
Structural design and design interface is to be used under this literature. The experimental issues are
also sorted.
What was the finding?
20

The findings are that the designing and development of the electric vehicles so as to save fuel and
work on batteries and hydrogen gas. The welding in the racing cars is still required as their strong
surface an in built phase needs to be concerned for racing
What were the gaps?
The limitations for this journal are that there is no related issue or explanation about welding in racing
cars. The designing and development were discussed for saving the fuel under this.
21

Reference Number: 10
Title of Article: Design, build, and test a formula student racing car: An educational engineering
exercise at Philadelphia University.
Authors: Ebaid, et. al., (2016)
Publication: International Journal of Mechanical Engineering Education
Type: Journal Article
Year Published: 2016 Number of citations: 20
Primary or Secondary: Secondary Information
Publication Rating:
CiteScore: Rank: Percentile: In-Category: CiteScore Year:
What was the research question?
The research question is on the identification of designing, building and testing the formula racing
cars. The question to this literature is to identify the effectiveness of these new born cars and
impressive learning of development of racing cars for its best optimum usage.
What themes were discussed in the Literature Review?
The themes which were discussed under this literature are Formula student, component design,
manufacturing in automotive industry.
Design: Manufacturing design is used under this literature review.
What was the finding?
The finding is that the identification of designing, building and testing the formula racing cars. The
question to this literature is to identify the effectiveness of these new born cars and impressive learning
of development of racing cars for its best optimum usage.
What were the gaps?
The limitation of this literature is basically on the no use and explanation of welding of racing cars.
22

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Critical Summary
The above provided five major sources of information are based on effective knowledge of welding
and racing cars. The common between all the sources of information is that they are providing in-depth
and technical information about the factors and limitations of the welding. The lasts technology and
improvement in the cars, as well as the automotive sector, is described by every source of information.
According to (KODAMA, 2013) there are some problems which are related to the Arc welding
technology to be used for the Automotive steel sheets. There is a need to enhance the reliability of
weld joints which can be done through the approaches (KODAMA, 2013). This is needed to
effectively respond to the greater needs of high-strength sheets.
On the other hand (Kumar, 2014) the designing and analysis of tabular space frame chassis are safe in
the race cars. It helps in increasing the performance of the race cars and had made it as light as
possible. The themes which were discussed in this journal are based on Ergonomics, Tabular spaces
frames chassis, validation and setup (Kumar, 2014). Designing of the frames in the manner to increase
the effective improvement in the performance of race cars are also the part of the discussion. Finite
element analysis, testing and roll cage are some themes which were discussed in this literature review
(Kumar, 2014).
(Giff, 2014), provided that the findings are related to the growth and innovation which technology has
brought up for the companies in the automobile sector (Giff, 2014). The industry is focusing on the 3D
technology for making the racing cars effective. The welding is also one on the ultrasound technique
which will result in improvement in performance of racing cars.
But on the other side (Tsirogiannis, 2018), says that the effectiveness of the electrical and fuel cell
powered cars. The engineers did a great job towards this and a new technique of welding racing cars
for improving their performance is also increased (Tsirogiannis, 2018). The finding is that the
designing of the cars using welding can be done to help and support the human resources efforts.
In the words of (Janasekaran, 2016), The finding of the single-sided laser beam welding performed
under Inconel 600 and Ti6Al4V was that when optical micrograph of a cross section of the sample
was observed and analysed it was seen that there was asymmetry in welding seam due to single side
welding. Welded area has a concave shape where the non-welded area displayed a convex structure.
Single sided laser performs successfully on the thin sheets (Janasekaran, 2016). The deepness of the
welding depends on the heat and penetration factor.
23

Bibliography
DESAI, P. (2018). Monitoring Heat Treatment to Improve Weld Quality. THE AMERICAN
WELDER .
Ebaid, M. S.-k. (2016). Design, build, and test a formula student racing car: An educational
engineering exercise at Philadelphia University. International Journal of Mechanical
Engineering Education , 56-93.
Giff, C. A. (2014). 3D opportunity inthe automotive industry. A Deloitte series on additive
manufacturing .
Janasekaran, S. T. (2016). Influence of the Overlapping Factor and Welding Speed on T-Joint
Welding of Ti6Al4V and Inconel 600 Using Low-Power Fiber Laser. Metals , 6, 134.
KODAMA, S. I. (2013). Arc Welding Technology for Automotive Steel Sheets. Futtsu: Senior
Researcher, Welding & Joining Research Center, Steel Research Laboratories.
Koumartzakis, G. S. (2018). DESIGN AND DEVELOPMENT OF A PROTOTYPE
ELECTRIC. 7th BETA CAE International Conference. 7th BETA CAE International
Conference.
Kumar, P. M. (2014). DESIGN AND ANALYSIS OF A TUBULAR SPACE FRAME
CHASSIS OF A HIGH PERFORMANCE RACE CAR . International Journal of Research in
Engineering and Technology , 400-500.
Kunkel, G. &. (2018). From The Lab to your Driveway: Aluminum Tailor-Welded Blanks. TWB
Welding Journal .
Oshinibosi, A. (2014). CHASSIS AND IMPACT ATTENUATOR DESIGN FOR FORMULA.
University of Leeds school of Mechanical Engineering.
Tsirogiannis, E. S. (2018). Lightweight Design and Welding Manufacturing of a Hydrogen Fuel
Cell Powered Car’s Chassis. Challenges , 9, 25.
24

Mind Map
Source- (Self Created in Mind-map)
Mind map describes Welding in racing cars from the literature review
Node 1-
The research question is based on the objective which is to understand the 3D opportunity which
comes in the automotive industry. The themes which are basically having the discussion over in
this report are manufacturing of the racing cars and automobiles in the manner to make their
performance greater than expected. The findings are related with the growth and innovation
which technology has brought up for the companies in automobile sector. The findings are
related with the growth and innovation which technology has brought up for the companies in
automobile sector.
Node 2-
The research question is what are the challenges of designing light weight and welding
manufacturing of Hydrogen Fuel cell car’s chassis? The themes on which this literature is based
and discussed on our chassis, lightweight, welding. The findings are related to the effectiveness
of the electrical and fuel cell powered cars. The gaps and limitations of this article are that the
focus on the designing and cost-cutting has been focused.
Node 3-
The research question is related with the designing and analyzing of the tabular space frames
25

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chassis for a higher performance of the race car. The themes which were discussed in this
journal are based on Ergonomics, Tabular spaces frames chassis, validation, and setup. The
designing and analysis of tabular space frame chassis are safe in the race cars. The gaps in this
literature are that it has less connection with welding overall.
Node 4-
Is the use of Arc Welding Technology useful for Automotive Steel Sheets Themes- The themes
which they had discussed in the literature review are Arc Welding and its importance. The
finding was that there are some problems which are related to the Arc welding technology to be
used for the Automotive steel sheets. The gaps or the limitations of this literature review or
report paper is that it has no point, particularly for racing cars.
Node 5-
The research question is based on the influence or impact of overlapping factor and welding on
the different processes of the welding. The laser welding is also provided in the research
literature. The themes which were discussed in the literature review are based on the overlapping
factor and T-joint pull test. Single sided laser performs successfully on the thin sheets. The
deepness of the welding depends on the heat and penetration factor. This has very technological
and technical terms which made the literature confusing.
26

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Welding Racing Cars: A Literature Review

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