(PDF) The Role of the Family in Building Adolescents

What evidence is there to
support the notion that family
plays a role in the development
of children

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................1
METHODS......................................................................................................................................1
RESULTS........................................................................................................................................3
DISCUSSION..................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................8
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................9

INTRODUCTION
For a child to grow there are different type of elements that are required. With this
respect, it includes nutrients, proteins, etc. are for the growth for physical aspect. However, it is
important for a child to have appropriate support from the side of parents and teachers so that
children are able to shape their behaviour and development aspects in effective manner. 13 to 18
is considered to be adolescence but the current research has shown that 10 to 25 is determine to
be children who fall under adolescence. This type of changes are caused due to continued brain
development. There are different type of areas or aspects in which children prefer to talk about,
these are family issues, their future, emotional concerns, etc. The type of perception that are
carried out by individuals differ. One is able to shape up their behaviour depending upon the
support and situation that are faced. In situation when child is in condition of depression and
does not get any type of support from adults, then it is identified that they develop suicidal
tendencies. All these make a person causes serious health related and mental issues in which it
becomes difficult to make them overcome the issues. All these can be avoided when effective
support is provided by teacher or parents or family members. In this modern world, the use of
technology has made individuals to connect with each other from around the world but these are
also caused serious issues towards their mental state and their thinking capabilities. Main focus
of the study is carried out on analysing the aspects that are required to be focused for children so
that they are able to shape up their behaviour. Further, there are many research sites from which
information related with the topic can be gathered. All are analysed and most suitable articles are
require to be selected.
METHODS
The relevant research articles are extracted from PubMed Database using specific key
words such as Children, Child, Prevention, Strategies, Development, Family relationships, Social
skills and Physical disability as well as United Kingdom. Several Boolean operators such as,
AND, OR, and NOT were used to narrow down the search and exclude articles that were
irrelevant to the topic of interest. Articles which are published in English, not prior to 2011 and
2012 and selected for the purpose of analysis. There are 15 articles used and enlisted.
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DATABASE PubMed
Total number of Hits after search 230
Records determined and evaluated after search 60
Duplicates articles 25
Excluded articles 13
Extracted and full text articles 15
Table 1: Summary showing database search results
PRISMA 2009 Flow Diagram
2
Illustration 1: PRISMA Floe Diagram

RESULTS
THEMES:
Role of family in adolescent development: Adolescents are very effective as well as aggressive
in nature that parents should manage their attitude and behaviour which will help to improve and
develop more faster and effectively. Parents also plays a important and crucial role in shaping
adolescence behaviour.
Young people and their parents: Youngsters are little aggressive in nature that Parents are
responsible for providing a peaceful and effective environment to children in order to improve
their development growth which helps to understand and learn things faster and effectively.
Family role in deviant behaviour development of adolescence: Behaviour development of
adolescents is a complex phenomenon in all societies. With other factor, family partake it very
diversely (Freud, (2018)). Antisocial behaviour of adolescents is one of the outcomes of negative
influence of familial risk factor. Deviant behaviour further contribute to Juvenile delinquency
which has become a serious problems in the social order.
Social media positive and negative impact on development: The emerging social media
platform such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter, Snap-chat are some famous platform for
youngsters as well as elders in order to connect with their friends and family members Rickard,
Frankenhuis & Nettle, (2014). In respect to this, there are some negative impact also of social
media uses in children which affect their behaviour and level of thinking.
Relationship importance for effective communication: Relationship bond is necessary as well
as important for both children and adolescent with their parents in order to prevent from harmful
activities which can cause damage for them (Berk, (2017)). The relationship should be very
strong in order to understand feelings and emotions which helps to reduce conflicts between
parents and adolescent.
DISCUSSION
According to Bornstein & Bradley, (2014), family plays a important role in the
development of children and adolescent. A child learn various things, relationships, manners,
self-esteem and loyalty in his or her developing and growing age. The family is profoundly
important to the developmental, emotional and cognitive growth of a child," says Tamara Gold, a
New York psychotherapist and parenting coach. It is stated that every parents mistakes and so
does their children. Effective families learn from their mistakes which helps to grow faster
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towards a happy family. Together they keep trying. According to Sampson, (2017), a child learn
about right and wrong in the family environment for the very first. Modern parents faces many
challenges in teaching values and skills. With children as young as 3 years old using the Internet,
the access to the world is unprecedented in this generations. Children are bombarded with
messages that are often inconsistent with the parents values and behavioural standard for their
kids." it is analysed that parents are much more experienced than children and adolescent. They
are committed and also involved in children activities which helps to improve and develop a
better life for them. Parents teach values which they experienced already in the past. They
always teach good things for the better improvement in life of their children. Children are
different in nature that they learn from practical things more effectively than saying. They
observe things which helps to improve their knowledge from which they grow in a consistent
way. Parents are able to tech them values by sharing family stories and other incidents which
helps to observe a positive energy.
According to the authors Kagitcibasi, (2017), family is a place where children spend his
or her most of the time that helps to build a consistency. It is the place where relationships build
and allow children to express emotions. Apart from this, adolescent are different from children in
terms of knowledge, skills, behaviour and learning attitude. They learn things quickly as they
have knowledge of right and wrong things. This does not mean that 'peace and harmony' need to
be constant. The thing is how they handle conflicts and disagreements. Such type of kids are
aggressive in nature that they get angry and react very fast. The rate of issues that are faced by
children are raising. Further, children focus on observing their parents so that they can be like
them and thus the type of teaching that are provided by them plays vital role to make them
develop positive or negative behaviour. Relationship bond is necessary as well as important for
both children and adolescent with their parents in order to prevent from harmful activities which
can cause damage for them. A consistent structure is provided by parents to their children says
Elder, (2018), will help children by providing consistency and security. Parents are the only one
who helps to understand feelings of children. They are able to teach their children using
emotions by giving specific words of emotion that helps to describe feelings effectively. Studies
show that labelling feeling with word help to decrease distress and make it less likely that an
angry person will act on his or her anger. Word help us make the shift from reacting to
responding. Family members plays a vital role in the development of social and emotional
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factors in children. The relationship should be very strong in order to understand feelings and
emotions which helps to reduce conflicts between parents and adolescent. Relationship lay the
foundation of relationship says Cohen, Mannarino & Deblinger, (2016) this will also help them
to make relationship with others outside the home. A satisfy personal relationship is important
for children and adolescent that it helps to survive in this modern world.
According to Masten & Monn, (2015) There is no clear range of ages that defines
adolescence, and in recent years the markers associated with entering adulthood, such as
economic independence and parenthood, have been delayed effectively and efficiently. It is
stated that adolescence are more observing than children. This will help them to learn different
things such as observation, situations, decisions for right and wrong, maturity etc. adolescents
are very effective as well as aggressive in nature that parents should manage their attitude and
behaviour which will help to improve and develop more faster and effectively. Parents also plays
a important and crucial role in shaping adolescence behaviour. Adolescence are often between
age of 13 to 18, but the current research provided data and according to the research the age is
just increase to 25 and decrease by 10. this is all because of the brain development of
adolescence. There is a question of all the parents that does their child believes n them and
follow what you care about.? The answer is yes they cares a great deal about what parents think
of them. Its just all because of the relationship bond between adolescence and parents which
helps towards continuous positive growth and development. When a child is able to develop trust
and confidence for others, then it enables to make them boosted up and this makes them to solve
the issues that are they face Forehand & Kotchick, (2016). In this modern world, the use of
technology has made individuals to connect with each other from around the world but these are
also caused serious issues towards their mental state and their thinking capabilities. In addition to
this, any type of variations identified in behaviour of children should be observed frequently and
immediate actions should be taken to support them in effective manner. According to many
authors teenagers are more aggressive while the passing age of 20. they usually does not care
about what people think of them how will they react.? Etc. this will affect the behaviour of
adolescence that parents should take care of them at situations in which they re not able to take
correct decisions. This will help to gain experience even better which improve the life of
adolescence. This will also help by providing a positive energy that keep them cool in harmful
conditions. Other than this, guidance to children or adolescence is only possible when parents or
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teachers have healthy interaction with each. Consistency is required for all the adolescence in
order to take right decisions in their life.
According to Van der Kolk, (2017) parents should treat adolescence very softly in
different situations in order to give right suggestions that helps to understand situation. This will
improve their decision making towards their individual life which is a growth. There are
generally some problems stated by family members such as there are mos of the teens wants to
participate in family decisions and discuss family issues. There are also some controversial
issues which affect the nature and behaviour of adolescence. For an example, why he is not able
to drink until he is 21.? Emotional concerns are related to the feelings of adolescence which is a
very important factor for parents as well that it should be managed well in order to increase
positive growth of child effectively. There is a bad habit of parents also that some parents usually
give lectures to their children in terms of adolescence which creates controversial issues between
them Swartz, Williamson & Hariri, (2015). It is stated that adolescence are more observing than
children. This will help them to learn different things such as observation, situations, decisions
for right and wrong, maturity etc. in addition to this, relationship bond between adolescence and
parents is also very important as well as crucial which helps towards continuous positive growth
and development. This will help to gain experience even better which improve the life of
adolescence. Parents serve as role models for their children by being sensitive and responsive to
each one and by showing interest in each child and in his/her experiences. Parents are
responsible for providing a peaceful and effective environment to children in order to improve
their development growth which helps to understand and learn things faster and effectively. The
communication process should be effective enough to reduce chances of conflicts which has a
negative impact on children and adolescence mind. This will decrease their perception and level
of thinking which lead towards wrong decisions. When parents direct and guide in positive way
they help teenager to learn acceptable and appropriate behaviour and help to maintain
relationship. This will help to solve communication issues which helps to maintain an effective
relationship and understating.
Apart from this, according to Asakawa, (2017). Some boundaries and restrictions should
be managed by parents in children and adolescence life which helps to prevent them to do
something wrong which is not acceptable effectively. They should collect information regarding
their children behaviour and nature from school teachers and friends which helps to determine
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whether they are doing right or wrong. There are different type of areas or aspects in which
children prefer to talk about, these are family issues, their future, emotional concerns, etc. The
type of perception that are carried out by individuals differ. This will also help to identify issues
and bad habits in their children and adolescence which is very important for parents to make
decisions towards life. Studies show that labelling feeling with word help to decrease distress
and make it less likely that an angry person will act on his or her anger. The relationship should
be very strong in order to understand feelings and emotions which helps to reduce conflicts
between parents and adolescent. A supporting environment is necessary for all the children that it
helps to make them feel safe weather it is outside or at home. Parents should encourage children
and adolescence in order to take participation in school activities that helps to reduce stress from
the mind and also improve leadership skills. This will help to gain a effective knowledge which
helps to grow fast and effectively. According to Ronald & Rand, (2018) Parents can determine if
their teen is in need of extra support. Being aware of common problem can help parents to know
when it is important to reach out and ask for help before a “difficult time” develop into a more
serious situation. This will help to make positive sense for the children that helps to make
decisions more effective and efficient. In addition to this, family discussion is very important and
takes effective place in families. Discussion helps to make a relationship bond with parents to
children and children to parents. This will involve suggestions and thoughts which helps to make
solution for any kind of family problem exist in member. All these make a person causes serious
health related and mental issues in which it becomes difficult to make them overcome the issues.
Many authors stated that the surrounding environment of children and adolescence is a very
crucial factor that children and adolescence mostly learn and observe bad things and habits,
which has a negative impact on their life. The parents are role model in life of their children that
they should monitor also the activities followed by their child in order to assess actual behaviour
and activities of child. This will also help to make decisions regarding his personal life. The
social media is taking effective place now a days which has a great impact on children and
adolescence mind. The emerging social media platform such as Facebook, Instagram, Twitter,
Snap-chat are some famous platform for youngsters as well as elders in order to connect with
their friends and family members. In respect to this, there are some negative impact also of social
media uses in children which affect their behaviour and level of thinking.
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Thus, it can be concluded from the above analysis and stated by many authors that the
role of family is very important in order to develop and improve skills and knowledge in children
that helps to grow faster and effectively. They stated that families are are the first role model for
their children and adolescence which helps to gain knowledge of life in terms of living standard,
nature, behaviour and right as well as wrong activities Cooper & Cooper Jr, (2016).
CONCLUSION
In accordance with the findings, it can be stated that there are certain set of areas that are
needed to be considered in which main focus is needed to be made on emotional aspects. The
rate of issues that are faced by children are raising. Further, children focus on observing their
parents so that they can be like them and thus the type of teaching that are provided by them
plays vital role to make them develop positive or negative behaviour. Other than this, guidance
to children or adolescence is only possible when parents or teachers have healthy interaction with
each. When a child is able to develop trust and confidence for others, then it enables to make
them boosted up and this makes them to solve the issues that are they face. When individuals
develop their understanding towards what is right and wrong, then it enables to resolve many of
the situation that are generally faced by children. In addition to this, any type of variations
identified in behaviour of children should be observed frequently and immediate actions should
be taken to support them in effective manner.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Asakawa, K. (2017). Family socialization practices and their effects on the internalization of
educational values for Asian and White American adolescents. In Conditions for Optimal
Development in Adolescence (pp. 184-194). Psychology Press.
Berk, L. (2017). Development through the lifespan. Pearson Education India.
Bornstein, M. H., & Bradley, R. H. (Eds.). (2014). Socioeconomic status, parenting, and child
development. Routledge.
Cohen, J. A., Mannarino, A. P., & Deblinger, E. (2016). Treating trauma and traumatic grief in
children and adolescents. Guilford Publications.
Cooper, C. R., & Cooper Jr, R. G. (2016). Links between adolescents’ relationships with their
parents and peers: Models, evidence, and mechanisms. In Family-peer relationships (pp.
149-172). Routledge.
Elder, G. H. (2018). Children of the great depression. Routledge.
Forehand, R., & Kotchick, B. A. (2016). Cultural Diversity: A Wake-Up Call for Parent
Training–Republished Article. Behavior therapy 47(6) 981-992.
Freud, A. (2018). Normality and pathology in childhood: Assessments of development.
Routledge.
Kagitcibasi, C. (2017). Family, self, and human development across cultures: Theory and
applications. Routledge.
Masten, A. S., & Monn, A. R. (2015). Child and family resilience: A call for integrated science,
practice, and professional training. Family Relations 64(1) 5-21.
Rickard, I. J., Frankenhuis, W. E., & Nettle, D. (2014). Why are childhood family factors
associated with timing of maturation? A role for internal prediction. Perspectives on
Psychological Science 9(1) 3-15.
Ronald, L. S., & Rand, D. R. (2018). Life-course contingencies in the development of adolescent
antisocial behavior: A matching law approach. In Developmental theories of crime and
delinquency (pp. 55-100). Routledge.
Sampson, R. J. (2017). Family management and child development: Insights from social
disorganization theory. In Facts, frameworks, and forecasts (pp. 63-94). Routledge.
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Swartz, J. R., Williamson, D. E., & Hariri, A. R. (2015). Developmental change in amygdala
reactivity during adolescence: effects of family history of depression and stressful life
events. American Journal of Psychiatry 172(3) 276-283.
Van der Kolk, B. A. (2017). Developmental Trauma Disorder: Toward a rational diagnosis for
children with complex trauma histories. Psychiatric annals 35(5) 401-408.
Freud, (2018)Berk, (2017)Bornstein & Bradley, (2014)Sampson, (2017)Kagitcibasi,
(2017)Elder, (2018)Cohen, Mannarino & Deblinger, (2016)Masten & Monn, (2015)Van der
Kolk, (2017)Asakawa, (2017)Ronald & Rand, (2018)Cooper & Cooper Jr, (2016)Swartz,
Williamson & Hariri, (2015)Forehand & Kotchick, (2016)Rickard, Frankenhuis & Nettle, (2014)
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