Problems Faced by Older People with Dementia

This research project focuses on the problems faced by older people suffering from dementia in the stage of aging. It aims to analyze the impact of dementia on personal life, evaluate the reasons for its occurrence, and recommend ways to reduce its effects. The study is significant in developing understanding and knowledge on dementia and its influence on older people.

Research project

Contents
TITLE: WHAT KIND OF PROBLEMS ARE FACED BY OLDER PEOPLE SUFFERING
FROM DEMENTIA IN THE STAGE OF AGING........................................................................3
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
1.1 Introduction......................................................................................................................3
1.2 Aim and Objectives..........................................................................................................4
1.3 Rationale of Research.......................................................................................................4
1.4 Problem Statement............................................................................................................5
1.5 Significance of Research..................................................................................................5
LITERATURE REVIEW................................................................................................................6
Dementia.................................................................................................................................6
Impact of dementia on personal life of older people............................................................10
Reasons because of which dementia occur among old age people......................................12
Ways in which dementia within older age people can be reduced.......................................14
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY...................................................................................................15
Methods of Analysis and collection of Data........................................................................17
EXCLUSION AND INCLUSION TECHNIQUE...............................................................18
Research Ethics....................................................................................................................19
RESULTS/FINDINGS..................................................................................................................19
DISCUSSION................................................................................................................................25
CONCLUSION..............................................................................................................................27
REFERENCES..............................................................................................................................29
Books and journals...............................................................................................................29

TITLE: WHAT KIND OF PROBLEMS ARE FACED BY OLDER PEOPLE
SUFFERING FROM DEMENTIA IN THE STAGE OF AGING
INTRODUCTION
1.1 Introduction
Old age is commonly seen as the age which reaches near the life expectancy of individual
or the end of life phase of the human life cycle. Older people are often called as the senior
citizens in the society. It has been acknowledged that with the passing period of time when
individual moves forward towards the older age number of health issues among them starts
increasing (Robinson and et. al., 2019). These health issues might rise due to the past lifestyle of
the person or it might occur due to the current situation or the surrounding of the same person in
negative manner. Health problems’ increasing among the older people during the stage of ageing
not only affects the particular life of the person but at the same time it also affects the lifestyle of
the family members too. Dementia is mainly acknowledged as one of the common problems that
is being mostly identified in the older people. Occurrence of this disease among older people
directly affects their regular based lifestyle at same time (Green, Camilli and Elmore, 2012).
Dementia is mainly related to the disorder related to the mental process that is caused by injury.
This mainly results in the memory disorder, personality changes and impaired reason. With
reference to the older people, it can be said that the respective health issue is commonly seen in
older people that makes their end life time worst if not cared properly. The present investigation
is conducted on the health issues which are being faced by the older people in the stage of
ageing. In this main focus is provided on the dementia that is considered as the most occurring
health problem among old age people. This investigation has been conducted to develop detailed
knowledge on dementia and its impact of on personal life of older people. Furthermore, the study
will gather information on the several reasons due to which dementia occur among old age
people and find several ways that supports older age people in reducing impact of dementia on
them (Gioia, Corley and Hamilton, 2013). In order to develop detailed information on the same
and find out proposed measures that result in reducing the influence of dementia over old age
patients. In this regard, respective aim, objective and questions are developed which would
provide appropriate guidance to whole research team that would contribute in obtaining solutions
towards the core research problems.

1.2 Aim and Objectives
Research aim
The main aim of this research proposal is “To analyse the problems which are faced by
older people suffering from dementia in the stage of aging.”
Research Objectives
The developed research objectives for the current investigation are specified as below:
 To analyse types of health problems faced by old age people.
 To evaluate impact of dementia on personal life of older people.
 To analyse reasons because of which dementia occur among old age people.
 To recommend ways in which dementia within older age people can be reduced.
Research Questions
The formulated research questions for the present research are mentioned as below:
 What are the types of health problems faced by old age people?
 What is the impact of dementia on personal life of older people?
 What are the main reasons because of which dementia occur among old age people?
 What are the ways in which dementia within older age people can be reduced?
1.3 Rationale of Research
The main motive of conducting this investigation is to develop understanding on the
several problems that are being faced by the old age people which is affecting their own life as
well as their family members. The respective investigate would contribute in exploring several
issues as well as problems which are being faced by older people due to dementia in the stage of
ageing (Rosa and et. al., 2018). It also contributes in finding out proposed measures towards the
same by which health care older people can rid off from the same health issue and live their life
effectively without facing much problem associated with the same. The study would also support
investigator in developing their core knowledge on the medical issues that is being faced by the
old people as well as the common issues which is being faced by them due to the core health
problem that affects the effective management of the daily based lifestyles (Kupeli and et. al.,

2018). Apart from this, while looking at the core motive of investigator to conduct the
investigation is to develop several skills, knowledge on the conduction process of the research
that would not only help them out in improvising their professional life. As well as it will
provide contribution in the conducting more effective research in the near future. Some of core
skills that would be developed by the investigation with this investigation are leadership,
communication, decision making, problem solving, presentation, research skill, time
management, team working and several others (Buffel, 2018).
1.4 Problem Statement
The present investigation is conducted for analysing several issues that is being faced by
old age people. It has been analysed that there are several issues such as chronic health
conditions, cognitive health, mental health, physical injury, malnutrition, sensory impairments,
Oral health, bladder control or constipation and so on that are faced by older people. Among
them all the main issue that is commonly determined among older people are dementia which is
placing major influence over the daily based lifestyle of the older people (Latimer, 2018). The
investigation would provide support in exploring these problems as well as the challenges that is
faced by person at older age.
1.5 Significance of Research
The core importance of this project is to emphasise on developing core understanding on
problems which are faced by older people suffering from dementia in the stage of aging. The
main focus of the project in on determining the core concept of dementia, it core reasons due to
which it occurs among old age people, impact of dementia on personal life of older people, main
reasons because of which dementia occur among old age people and ways by which dementia
within older age people can be reduced (Grenier, Lloyd and Phillipson, 2017). This project will
provide detailed knowledge to the learners regarding the dementia and its existence affects old
age people and their regular based activities at regular basis. In addition to this, effective
execution of the project would definitely provide support to the learner as well as readers in
develop knowledge on the same health disease and core influence over the older people or
patient. As a result, by having adequate knowledge on the same, the respective readers would be
able to take preventive measures so that none of the person belongs to their surrounding suffers
with the same. In addition to this, with reference to the healthcare practitioners, the present
investigation is highly important for them as it will provide them knowledge regarding the

influence of the dementia on older people thus they are easily able to provide them effective
treatment and also help the out them getting recover in quicker manner.
In addition to this, the respective study covers each and every area of the dementia
including its symptoms, early signs, risk factors, consequences, and potential ways of
overcoming it effectively and reducing its influence. The overall focus on this project is provided
on the old age people (Shishehgar, Kerr and Blake, 2018). With this study, care homes can also
modify their existing services according to the requiring of the older people in their health
condition. This development in the care home would also make the people especially individual
on who has dementia patient at home easier as they can easily send their parents or the elder old
age people at these places. Also, these care homes are highly established and also have all the
basic facilities as well as the treatment that is required by the patient with dementia. By
considering all of the stated and associated areas, the current investigation has been conducted so
that maximum information towards the same can be gathered effectively (Lui and Nguyen,
2018). Also, the study would also contribute in improvising current conditions of the elder
people who are suffering with Dementia and its proposed ways through which its impact over the
old age people can be reduced.
LITERATURE REVIEW
Dementia
Dementia is basically acknowledged as the collective term that is used to describe several
symptoms of cognitive decline. The main and popularly known symptom is forgetfulness. The
reason behind this disease is the brain disorders and underlying diseases. In addition to this, it
can be said that there are few more common symptoms of these disease such as impairment in
communication, memory and thinking (Johansson and et. al., 2017). Likelihood of having
dementia is mostly seen among the old age people but it often seen among the other ages too. It
has been estimated that around 47.5 million people are suffering from dementia across the world.
Also, the new case of dementia is also identified in every 4 second.
The common symptoms of dementia are specified as below:
Recent memory loss: In this, people often the same questions to others repeatedly. This
can be seen as the initial symptom of dementia which is often noticed among the people.

Problems in communicating: In this, the person specifically faces problem associated
with the languages, also forgets simple words etc. In many cases it has been analyzed that these
people might also uses wrong words.
Disorientation: This simply means that the people get lost on the previously familiar streets
where they have visited a lot of times (Yusif, Soar and Hafeez-Baig, 2016).
Mood changes: They are seen as the mood changes that is sudden as well as unexplained
changes over the disposition or outlook.
Misplacing things: This is often acknowledged as forgetting the places of keeping
regular using the keys as well as wallets. Also, the person might forget to keep the cash at the
right place.
Dementia stages
There are several stages of the dementia which defines the seriousness of the disease
from which the person is going through. The main four stages of dementia are specified as
below:
Mild cognitive impairment: This is the first and foremost stage where the characteristic of
dementia are considered as the basic forgetfulness. This might place among the old age people
but it is the part of the dementia only.
Mild dementia: Here people suffering from dementia often faces problems related to the
cognitive impairment which often influences daily based life of the person. Some of the common
symptoms that have been identified at this stage are memory loss, confusion, personality
changes, getting lost, and difficulty in planning and carrying out tasks (Aldridge, Fisher and
Laidlaw, 2019).
Moderate dementia: At this stage, people often faces problem related to their basic life routine
as they requires more and more help. Here, the numbers of symptoms are quite excessive as
compared to mild dementia. Generally, it has been analysed dementia patient also faces problems
related to combing their own hair and even getting dressed at their own level. Along with this, it
also creates problems related to personality changes such as agitating without any reason and
becoming suspicious (Abdelhafiz and et. al., 2019). Apart from this, the most common problem
determined in this is related to the sleeping. It can be said that patient suffering from dementia
are not able to take appropriate sleep.

Severe dementia: This is the last stage of dementia which is considered as very severe one
among the all the stage as its symptoms are worsen. The main system of dementia patient is that
they faces difficulty in having appropriate communication, they also require full time care from
the nursing staff or family member. It is quite difficult for these people to perform simple tasks
such as sitting, holding someone’s hand and other kind of activities. In addition to this, one more
severe issue related to the same are Bladder control which becomes lost with the passing period
of time (Gagliese, Gauthier, Narain and Freedman, 2018).
There are several types of dementia which are commonly noticed in the surrounding. The main
types of dementia are specified as below along with their detailed explanation towards the same:
Alzheimer’s disease: It is mainly acknowledged as the plaques between the dead cells in brain
as well as tangles in cells. This generally happens due to protein abnormalities. This also places
influence over the size of the brain which shrinks over the period of time.
Mixed dementia: This kind of dementia have symptoms of both the vascular dementia and
Alzheimer’s disease and other associated diseases at single time. Here, it can be said that mixed
sort of dementia might have symptoms related to the diagnosis of two or more types which takes
place at the same time.
Huntington’s disease: This is generally characterised with the specific sort of the uncontrolled
movement which includes characteristic associated with the dementia too (Klaming, Annese,
Veltman and Comijs, 2017).
Parkinson’s disease is mainly acknowledged as the presence of the Lewy bodies. This is also
seen as the disorder of movement which directly leads to the dementia associated symptoms.
Dementia with Lewy bodies is a neurodegenerative condition linked to abnormal structures in
the brain. The brain changes involve a protein called alpha-syncline.
Apart from this, there are few more symptoms of dementia which are generally noticed as the
highly influential disorder are trouble completing everyday tasks, trouble finding the right words,
changes in short-term memory, being repetitive, difficulty adapting to changes, changes in mood,
confusion, finds it hard to follow a storyline and poor sense of direction (Klaming, Annese,
Veltman and Comijs, 2017).
Along with this, it has been later analysed that treatment of dementia is possible but still
it is highly important for the individuals to focus going for the testing procedure first so that it
can be identified in the timely manner and the appropriate decision related to the same can be

taken so that required treatment could get selected on timely manner. The first and foremost step
of the testing memory performance of the individual as well as their cognitive health includes
several set of standardised questions as well as tasks. Along with this, it has been analysed that
there are several studies which clearly depicts that dementia is required to be tested so that
individual can easily identify presence of dementia in them and adopt required appropriate
treatment towards the same so that they can get recovered quickly and live their old lifestyle
again. In addition to this, it has been later analysed that cognitive dementia test is broadly used
and verified by the medical practitioners so that they can deal with the dementia in the timely
manner (Thoma-Lürken and et. al., 2018). While conducting this test around 10 questions are
asked to the patient from whom they can easily determine that whether they are suffering from
dementia or not. The main questions among them include what is your age, date of birth, current
year, present time which is nearer to the hour and many other questions. It can be said that if an
individual answers 6 or less than that then they faces cognitive impairment issues related to the
same. Here, assessment is normally done by the practitioners with observation methods. This test
is also done by the caregivers as well as relatives. In this, the first test done by the doctors is said
to be as the formal assessment with the motive of assessing individual’s mental ability. On the
other hand, if it is talked about the second test, it can be said that this basically performed by
simply asking few questions to the patients which is normally done to effectively assess that the
whether the person is able to remember recent conversation or events, to check that whether
patient are making use of right word or not or they faces difficulty in having conversation with
one another, it can also be assessed by checking out that whether the people are facing difficulty
in taking their medications and managing the money effectively or not, last but not the least the
final assessment is effectively done by simply checking out whether the patient is requiring
appropriate help in transport or not (Russell and et. al., 2017). It can be further said that if the
proposed conducted test clearly depicts that there are symptoms of the memory loss or related to
the same then these patient are then recommended for the blood tests as well as CT brain scan so
that things could get more clearer to them effectively. This can be effectively done by simply
going for the clinical tests which is also supportive in finding out actual problem, potential
causes, chances of recovery as well as appropriate treatment with which things could managed
effectively. In addition to this, another test is named as the mini mental state examination which
is also the part of the cognitive test that is supportive in measuring few areas such as word recall,

language abilities, visuospatial skills, orientation to time and place, attention and calculation and
many others (Fetherstonhaugh, McAuliffe, Bauer and Shanley, 2017). It can be here said that
usage of the mini mental state examination is helpful in diagnosing the dementia which is
generally caused by Alzheimer’s disease. The respective test is also supportive in analysing the
overall severity of the disease along with the best suitable treatment that can contribute in curing
the things in rightful manner.
Impact of dementia on personal life of older people
As per the views expressed by the author named as Rosa, F. and et. al., (2018), it has been
analysed that getting older is the part of every individuals life from which everyone goes through
with the passing period of time. The main problem that being faced by the individuals with the
passing age is having difficulty in remembering things which is also seen as the first sign of
Alzheimer or dementia. It can be said that there are only one percent people across the world
who faced problem related to dementia in the form of memory loss (Reid, 2018). There are
several other symptoms of dementia through individual which can easily determine that they
there they are suffering from dementia or not. Some of the common symptoms of dementia are
loss of memory, decreased ability of decision making, changes in expressing their feelings and
emotions with other person, problem associated with the socializing, facing problem in executing
problems related to daily living, having difficulty in understanding the language and speaking
things, changes in the personality, not able to make appropriate judgement and many others. All
of these can be seen in the person when he/she may be suffering from dementia. In other words
dementia can be seen as the degeneration of the human brain which directly leads to reflect many
changes in the individual such as changes in thinking process or ability of the person, socializing,
thinking, taking part in normal daily activities. On the other hand, it has been further analysed
that dementia is not only affecting personal life of the individual but at the same time it is placing
major influence over their family and the companions with whom they are spending their life
(Reid, 2018). It has been seen that dementia many a times develops feeling of depression among
the individual as they feels that they are of no use now because they are highly dependent on
other people especially family. It has also been observed that people who suffers from dementia
requires a person every time who can provide them support in executing their daily based life
activities. Dependency on other related to every small thing makes person highly depressed that
starts thinking that they are burden on other people.

On the other hand, if it is talked about the personal and family life of the person suffering
from dementia, it can be said that the respective person might losing its relations with the family
members. This is so because, dementia makes it difficult for the person to execute its work at
own level thus the work pressure as well as mental stress of the person increases with the passing
period time (Robinson and et. al., 2019). This simply develops negative feeling among the family
member towards the person as their health issue is becoming burden for them. With the passing
period of time, these family members might develop rude behaviour towards the individual
suffering with dementia. As a result, this becomes another most influential reason which
develops mental pressure on the person suffering from dementia.
Dementia is a syndrome, basically of a chronic or progressive nature in which there is
deterioration in cognitive function beyond what might be expected from normal ageing. It
influences memory, thinking, orientation, and comprehension, calculation, learning capacity,
language and judgement. The destruction in cognitive purpose is usually accompanied and
infrequently preceded by decline in emotional control, social behaviour or inspiration (Rosa and
et. al., 2018). Dementia outcomes from a range of diseases and injuries that mainly or
secondarily influence the brain like Alzheimer’s disease or stroke. Dementia is one of the main
causes of disability and dependency between older people globally. It can be overpowering not
only for the individual who have it but also for their carers and families. There is often a lack of
awareness and acknowledging of dementia on carers, family and society at large can be physical,
psychological, social and economical. As per view of D. LoGiudice and R. Watson (2020),
respective disease is an ordinary situation of the elderly characterised by numerous cognitive
shortfalls ensuing in a decline from earlier degree of utility. In the older individual several
pathologies make their contribution, considering changes normally seen in Alzheimer syndrome,
dementia with Lewy bodies along with vascular modifications. This disease negatively affects
the personal life of old people by creating several unfavourable impacts over them. Due to this
sickness, they loss their memory, loss of acknowledging and judgemental power, minimised
capability to devise determinations and many more negative impact (Torres, 2019). Along with
this, cause of dementia, changes are occurred in the person expresses their emotions, changes in
personality, problem coping with daily living, problem with speech and acknowledging language
as well as they also face problems to be socialise.

According to Gardner R.C., Valcour V. and Yaffe K. (2020), numerous impact are found out in
disnosing dementia between oldest people and must be kept in mind whenever interpreting
studies of dementia in this population. This disease is not a normal section of aging. It is an
abnormal degeneration of the brain that directs to modify in an individual’s capability to think,
speak, socialise and take part in normal day to day activities. As a dementia progresses, several
parts of the brain are influenced directing to a range of modification and reducing capabilities.
There are four main types of this disease such as Amzhemier, vascular dementia, lewy bodies
and lobe dementia. The threat of developing this sickness maximises with age. in old age group,
it affects people of age 65 to 74 and highly age of 85. This disease not only affect old age people
physically but also create impact over their mental health in term of affecting their decision
making ability, influencing their judgemental ability and memory loss (Burholt and et. al., 2019).
Along with this, due to this sickness changes are occurred in expressing ways of emotions and
personality. Cause of this problem people are faced problem in speaking and understanding the
languages. Sometime, due to suffer with this problem, old people also loss their hearing
capability and also faced the issue of late life depression.
Reasons because of which dementia occur among old age people
As per the views expressed by Robinson, M. and et. al., (2019), it can be said that there are
several symptoms which shows that dementia is developing in the person. Along with this, there
is several cause that might lead to dementia or develop it among the same person. There are
multiple of causes which may lead to dementia among the person this can be simply understood
with the help of several examples that are stated one after another. For instance: If the person
goes through the injury or the disease process then it might lead to the destruction of brain cell
which ultimately leads to dementia (Cai and et. al.,2020). Another example can be taken of the
lady who have been suffering from Alzheimer’s disease from many years whose issues on health
are mostly related to short-term memory and comprehension but when due to some uncertain
reasons the lady went to diagnosis, it has been determined that she is suffering from the
frontotemporal dementia leading to difficulty controlling behaviour and aphasia (the inability to
understand or express speech). Apart from this, there are several other causes of dementia which
are mentioned below:-
 Alzheimer's disease
 Vascular cognitive impairment

 Dementia with Lewy bodies
 Frontotemporal dementia
 Parkinson’s disease
 Huntington’s disease
 HIV
 Traumatic brain injury
Dementia is a syndrome not a particular disease. It states that the clinical characteristics of it,
which is now acknowledge as main neurocognitive disorder, can outcome from any one of a
large unit of injuries infections and sicknesses. The symptoms of dementia can consider one or
more from a list that considers memory failure, reduced capability to keep several tasks in mind
simultaneously and classified attention among them issues with language knowledge or
expression, problem acknowledgement spatial orientation, impaired executive function and
imprecise decoding of others’ nonverbal cues. As per the view of Ellison J. M. (2020), HIV,
traumatic brain injury, Alzheimer, Vascular cognitive impairment, dementia with Lewy bodies
etc. are some main reasons of this disease. Dementia is caused by damage to or loss of nerve
cells ad their connections in the brain. Depending on the area of the brain that is influenced by
the damage, the respective sickness can affect individual; differently and cause different reasons
and symptoms. Dementias are often grouped by what they have in ordinary, such as the protein
and proteins deposited in the brain or the section of the brain which is influenced. Some diseases
look like dementias like those caused by a reaction to medications or vitamin deficiencies and
they might develop with treatment. There are some disorders that are linked to this disease like
Huntington’s disease which is caused by a genetic mutation (Anderson, Dabelko-Schoeny and
Fields, 2018). This problem causes convinced nerve cells in individual’s brain and spinal cord to
waste away. Usually, with this problem, people around age of 30 to 40 are suffered with it and
aware with this sickness with the symbol of a severe decline in thinking.
Along with this Parkinson disease is one of the more common forms of dementia which mainly
directs to the loss of motor functions. The respective sickness can cause cognitive impairments
and affect the capability to remember simple actions and words that were once easier to recall
and accomplish. In addition to this, other cause of dementia are injury, prion diseases, HIV
infection and reversible components. Post traumatic dementia is instantly associated to brain cell

death due to injury (Barnes, Gahagan and Ward, 2018). Some kinds of brain injury particularly if
repetitive such as those received by sports players have been connected to certain dementias
emerging later in life. Neurodegenrative disorders, the largest and most essential section of brain
damaging disorders that affect memory and tend to start by harming particular brain systems then
later spread more diffusely. Cerebrovascular disease can damage the brain by harming tiny
regions allocated throughout the brain. More localised impacts fro cerebrovascular sickness
arises when precisely located stroke harms an area of the brain critical for particular capabilities.
Along with some specific causes like Alzheimer, HIV and many more, there is some small kind
of brain injuries and strokes can also the reason of dementia and cause of which old people suffer
with this disease (Calder, Carding, Christopher, Kuh, Langley‐Evans and McNulty, 2018). It
entirely affects the personal life of these individual in negative way by losing their memory,
understanding ability and many more.
Ways in which dementia within older age people can be reduced
According to the views expressed by Aung, Kootar, Gates, Brew and Cysique, (2019), dementia
is acknowledged to be a health syndrome which is generally of progressive or chronic nature
whereby deterioration of cognitive function takes place at an extensive scale, much beyond the
limit to what can be expected at a normal age. This disorder has the capacity of affecting the
thought process, comprehensibility, calculations, learning abilities, language, judgement,
memory and many other aspects. However, it is well known that it does not have an impact over
consciousness of an individual. The impairment of the cognitive functions is generally found to
be accompanied by worsening of emotional stability, social behavioural patterns and
motivational levels of individuals. Dementia within old people causes disability as well as
reliance upon others. It is important for individuals to adopt a life which does not inflate the risk
of being stricken by dementia (Tsai, Jeong and Hunter, 2018). There are no fixed ways of
preventing all kinds of dementia, scholars and researchers are still carrying out the study upon
the same. However, it is still well known and evidenced that a healthy lifestyle to a large extent
reduces the risk of occurrence of dementia within the older people of the population.
A healthy lifestyle has the capacity of preventing cardio vascular disease such as heart attack
along with stroke, that are regarded to be the risk factors for Alzheimer’s disease as well as
vascular dementia which are the two most commonly occurring kinds of dementia. There are
several factors or aspects with the help of which the risk of dementia can be significantly reduced

to a significant extent. In this relation, the first factor is acknowledged to be a healthy and
balanced diet. Dementia is several times caused by a diet which is full with fat, salt and sugar
and deficient or low in fibre (Lee, 2019). This happens because this inflates the risks such as
high cholesterol, high BP, overweight, obese, type 2 diabetes, etc. which ultimately may lead to
dementia. Thus having a balanced and healthy diet can reduce the risk of dementia. Yet another
factor that needs to be taken into account to prevent the risk of dementia within older people is
maintenance of weight. It is often seen that overweight people or people having obese are more
prone to dementia. Thus, by properly maintaining the weight as per the age and the height, an
individual can prevent being struck by dementia. Another factor that can control the occurrence
of dementia within older people is ascertained to be controlling the intake of alcohol. Excessive
intake of alcohol directly inflates the chances of people being struck by dementia. Thus, by
having a control over the amount of alcohol that is consumed by an individual, a person can to a
large extent control the risk of being struck by the respective disorder (Buffel, 2019). Smoking
triggers dementia within the individuals and thus individuals should try to avoid smoking and if
they are addicted to it, should try to quit it as early as possible. There are several helpline
numbers which provide advice and information related to smoking cessation. Non smoking
lifestyle tends to largely reduce the chances of a person being struck by dementia.
RESEARCH METHODOLOGY
Research methodology is acknowledged as the important chapter of every research which
provides in depth knowledge to the readers that which methodologies have been used by the
investigator at the time of conducting appropriate research on the proposed topic (van Zaalen,
McDonnell, Mikołajczyk, Buttigieg, del Carmen Requena and Holtkamp, 2018). Along with this,
usage of right methods also ensures that overall efforts placed in the research project will
ultimately help the company in attaining valid research outcome towards the research problem.
 Research paradigm: A paradigm is mainly defined as some set of assumptions as well
as perpetual orientation which is shared by the member of research community in order to
explain how the research community mainly views the phenomenon of a particular
investigation. This support in validating the research objectives as well as questions along
with having a surety about the reliability of research result by presenting the proper
method of completing the investigation. It is consisting of one or two approaches used for
performing the investigation which direct the procedure of conducting study. These

mainly includes research approach, research philosophy, research design which can be
better understood using following description,
 Research philosophy: It is defined as set of beliefs which support in presenting the
nature of reality over which the investigator is planning to conduct the investigation. The
philosophies that are mainly used within an investigation are realism, positivism,
pragmatic and interpretive (Meléndez, Satorres, Redondo, Escudero and Pitarque, 2018).
This would provide more reliable information as with the help of interpretivism the
people or professionals who have already performed investigation over this can be
evaluated critically and thus help in presenting better understanding about this area of
study. Additionally, this philosophy also emphasizes more over the qualitative gathering
of information which allows more in depth understanding about the concept.
 Research design: This is considered to be one of the most significant part of an
investigation which depict about the structure or strategy to be followed by the
investigator (Davies, Iliffe, Hopwood, Walker, Ross, Rait and Walters, 2019). Several
kind of research design that is usually consider by the investigator are exploratory,
explanatory, description etc. Among these the descriptive research design will be taken
into consideration for this study. this is so because it allows the investigator in presenting
the detailed as well as in depth information about the current area of study which in turn
make it more meaningful and also help in accomplishing the research aim behind its
execution.
 Research approach: This section within research helps the investigator in evaluation as
well as analysing the gathered data from several sources and then transforming it into
meaningful information which help in accomplishing the objective of study. There are
mainly two type of investigation approaches such as deductive and inductive approach
(Keisari, Yaniv, Palgi and Gesser-Edelsburg, 2018). In order to perform current
investigation over identifying the type of health issues that old age people faces the
inductive approach will be adopted by the scholar. The main reason behind selecting this
approach is that it allows the researcher in evaluating the qualitative data effectively by
performing an in-depth analysis of collected data and presenting with eth more
meaningful and useful content that support in accomplishing the objective behind
conducting this study. The inductive approach will allow the researcher in adopting a

theoretical framework and presenting the in detailed and theoretical explanation about eth
area of study which is easy to understand for the reader.
 Type of investigation: - This section focuses toward presenting detail about the type of
method adopted by the investigator for conducting a particular investigation in effective
manner. There are usually two type of investigating method that are used for performing
the investigation such as qualitative investigation and quantitative investigation. Among
these two methods the qualitative investigation method will be consider to perform this
investigation which support in collecting the more detailed information about eth current
area of study by adopting theoretical framework (Davenhill, 2018). The main reason
behind selecting qualitative method is that it allows the researcher in developing
understanding regarding the type of concepts, cultural phenomenon as well as social
interaction which in turn provide appropriate outcome of study.
Data collection: Data collection is basically termed as the effective process through which
individual or researcher gathers information on the core research topic so that they can
effectively develop understanding on the same and draw and valid conclusion over it. Primary
and secondary methods are commonly acknowledged as two main methods through which
researcher gathers information on the proposed topic. The primary method is commonly seen as
the basic method in which the main focus of the researcher is on gathering information from the
respondent. The information attained with this method is completely raw and is first handed
which supports investigator in reaching the proposed research outcome in quicker manner along
with the authenticity (Moyle, 2019). On the other hand, if it is talked about the secondary
method, the respective investigator focuses on gathering information regarding the topic with the
usage of already published or identified data. In the present investigation, the researcher focuses
on conducting systematic research for which they have gathered proposed data on research
questions with the inclusion of several sources. The gathered data would also include statistical
information in order to attain outcome with the accuracy on research problem.
Methods of Analysis and collection of Data
While carrying out the secondary method of data collection, it has been analysed that
investigator emphaises on collecting informtaion from reliable sources from where they can
collect maximum information and obtain valid outcome towards the same in rightful manenr. All
of the inormtaion obrained from the secondatry soutces like books, journal, online articles,

newspapers and other published sources would be analysed and reviewed in systematci form so
taht genuine results towards the same can be obtained effectively (Aldridge, Fisher and Laidlaw,
2019).
EXCLUSION AND INCLUSION TECHNIQUE
Every investigation has its own pros and cons including few of the inclusion and exclusion
criteria that chosen by the researcher with the motive of completing the research in the best
possible (Anderson, Dabelko-Schoeny and Fields, 2018). While emphasising on the exclusion
criteria, it can be said that the respective researcher also keeps some of the separately that is
required to be ignored by the investigator while carrying out the study. By having appropriate
knowledge on the exclusion criteria the respective researcher would definitely be able to
complete the whole research in best way as they are not adding any of the things which is not
adding value to the study. This simply increases overall worth of the study in best possible
manner.
The inclusion and exclusion criterion for the present study has been specified as below in
detailed manner:
Inclusion criteria
 For carrying the study, the respective investigator has only given preference to secondary
sources written in good English so that they can themselves understand the language in
easier manner and then represent in best way.
 Also, the articles as well as books and journals have been selected on the basis of the
information associated with the dementia. This would definitely contribute in acquiring
maximum information on the proposed topic that is “WHAT KIND OF PROBLEMS
ARE FACED BY OLDER PEOPLE SUFFERING FROM DEMENTIA IN THE STAGE
OF AGING”. As a result, it would be easier for the investigator to obtain maximum
outcome on the proposed topic in rightful manner.
 Apart from this, the investigator has only included articles published in last 10 years so
that maximum information over the same can be included.
 Also, the investigator has also selected those articles which have copyright. This simply
ensures that what so ever information have been included by them only contains trust
worthy information and also they can easily rely upon it effectively and attain maximum
outcome on the proposed topic in best possible manner.

Exclusion criteria
 The main exclusion criteria for this study is that articles published before 2009 were
completely ignored as according to the investigator the information represented in these
articles is no use for them. Also, inclusion of these articles might affects the proposed
outcome of the study and could also make a confusion among the readers as they might
think that the outcome is outdated for them.
 Along with this, the articles or other secondary sources like books, journals and published
sources which does not include information on the receptive topic that is “WHAT KIND
OF PROBLEMS ARE FACED BY OLDER PEOPLE SUFFERING FROM DEMENTIA
IN THE STAGE OF AGING” has been ignored as it is not relevant for them.
 Also, books contained information on the younger people rather than the older one have
been ignored by the researcher as it is not at valuable for them.
Research Ethics
Research ethics plays essential role in every investigation as it depicts that the overall
investigation have been carried out without inclusion of any unethical activity towards the same.
While carrying out the research related to the dementia and its influence over older people, it can
be said that the investigator follows all the ethical norms for conducting research. Here,
investigator has provided main preference to the recent articles which contains detailed
information on the study (Aung, Kootar, Gates, Brew and Cysique, 2019). Along with this, it
also includes only authenticate sources which contains relevant information. Inclusion of this
would definitely contribute in conducting the study effectively and also provide support to the
investigator in obtaining valid research outcome. Also, the overall study would not contain any
information that might affect ethical dilemma of the person in any manner.
RESULTS/FINDINGS
As per the literature review done above on the basis of view points and ideologies presented
by wide array of authors, it can be comprehensively said that dementia is a chronic disease that
mostly hit older people. It is important to study the basic notion of this disease along with the
way in which it gets developed within individuals over the course of time owing to their lifestyle,
habits or any other aspect. Now, it is well known that the brain of a human is composed of large
number of nerve cells. In this regard, the messages within the brain are transmitted along the

cells via tiny electrical impulse along with chemical messages (Barnes, Gahagan and Ward,
2018). This is the manner in which the brain of a human being tends to possess a significant
control over what an individual does, thinks, and feels, and so on. In addition to this, the cerebral
cortex or in other terms, the cerebrum is acknowledged to be biggest part of the human brain. It
is known to be composed of four lobes which are mainly referred to as temporal, parietal, frontal
and occipital. In this relation, it is identified that the frontal lobe holds the responsibility in
relation to parts of human reasoning, judgment and speech. Furthermore, the temporal lobe has
the responsibility in association with short term memory. Next, the parietal lobe provides due
assistance to human beings in interpretation of information via the senses, spelling and
sequencing (Buffel, 2018). Lastly, the occipital lobe carries out the responsibility in association
with the recognition of a shape, colour or movement. In an instance whereby too many of the
brain cells of a human begin to die, the chronic condition of the person is comprehensively
referred to as dementia.
Figure 1: Some Statistics and Facts about dementia

Dementia is identified to be a syndrome wherein there is constant deterioration of memory,
behavioural conduct, thinking, and the ability to carry out day to day activities. Even when
dementia is found to mainly impact upon the older generation of population, it is duly considered
as a normal part of ageing. Across the globe, it has been identified as per the reports of World
Health Organization (WHO) that there are over 50m individuals who are stricken with dementia,
with 10m new cases coming up with the passage of each and every year. In every 3 seconds, a
new person gets affected by dementia. This signifies the extent and the scope to which the
individuals are vulnerable to get affected by this disease. It is forecasted that these reported
figures would reach to a total of 82m affected by this diseases by the end of 2030 and a total of
around 152m individuals affected before the end of the year 2050 (Dementia. Incidence and
Prevalence. Worldwide , 2020). A vast majority of these individuals would be belonging to
middle and low income nations, as per the forecasts.
This disease is considered as one of the primary causes of disability among the personnel
and is also recognised to be causing dependency within the older generation of the population
across the world. In addition to this, it will not be wrong to state that dementia tends to hold a
psychological, social, economic and physical influence not just on the individuals who are
stricken with this diseases, but also upon the family and carer of affected personnel along with
the public at large.
Figure 2: Ages of People with Dementia within United States in 2019
(Source: https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1552526019300317)

As per the data presented above in concern with the year 2019, it can be easily interpreted
that a total of approximately 5.8 million individuals within the bounds of United States of
America of all age group have been living while being stricken with dementia. It can be seen that
out of the total proportion, 97% of the population of America pertaining to the age group of 65+
(approx. 5.6 million individuals) are affected by dementia. On the contrary, only 3% of the
people below 65 years of age are affected by this disease (2019 Alzheimer's disease facts and
figures. Prevalence of Alzheimer's and other dementias in the United State , 2020). Thus, the
data clearly states that the older generation is most prone to the risk of being affected by
dementia. The statistics prove the same in context of America with just 0.2 million of the total
5.8 million persons hit by this diseases within the confines of the respective periphery.
Dementia is also recognised to be having an extensive economic impact across the global
periphery. At present, it is well known that the overall estimated or forecasted worldwide cost of
dementia is US $818 billion. Dementia is forecasted to further become a trillion dollar disease by
next some years. This largely implies that in case dementia care was seen in the form of a nation,
it will be the 18th biggest economy of the world, which is much more than even the market value
of multinational corporations such as Exxon (US$ 357 billion), Apple (US$ 742 billion) and
Google (US$ 368 billion). Within several parts of the globe, it is seen that there is growing
awareness within the population about the disease. However, it is even seen that dementia
diagnosis brings with itself social isolation along with stigma. At present, it is estimated that
approximately 94% of the individuals that are affected by dementia within the bounds of middle
and low income nations are cared for at the premises of their respective homes (The Global
Impact of Dementia An analysis of prevalence, incidence, cost and trends , 2020). These are
acknowledged to the territorial boundaries whereby the health care systems have not been
capable of providing due support to people who are affected by dementia or even their family
members.
It has been determined that there are several symptoms of the chronic disease named dementia.
Some of the most prominent ones are acknowledged to be problems faced by individuals in
establishing communication, disorientation, disorganization, constant change in moods,
misplacement of things, loss of memory, and so on. If a person is witnessed as being showing
one or more of these signs, they are most likely to be affected by dementia. Thus, it becomes

important to detect the symptoms of dementia so as to provide the individuals with care and
treatment as earliest as possible. It has also been comprehended from the literature that there are
some stages of dementia that tend to define the extent of seriousness involved in this chronic
disease (Burholt and et. al., 2019). There are mainly 4 phases which are identified as being mild
cognitive impairment, mild dementia, moderate dementia and severe dementia.
It is also determined that the relations of the individual living with dementia with the
family get worsened as the condition of the person deteriorates. In addition to this, dementia
tends to make it difficult for personnel to carry out their day to day activities in the expected
manner upon their own. This develops mental stress as well as worry within the person affected
by the disease as well as his or her family members and companion. Often it is also seen that
family members lose their cool while dealing with the affected individuals. This negatively
affects the relationship between the patient and the family members. Along with this, the carer
who deals with the person on a daily basis is affected with their condition (Calder, Carding,
Christopher, Kuh, Langley‐Evans and McNulty, 2018). If the care provided by the health care
service provider seems to not meet the needs and demands of person having dementia, it creates
a sense of negative feeling within them.
A healthy way of life has the limit of controlling cardio vascular diseases, for example, heart
failure alongside stroke, that are respected to be the hazard factors for Alzheimer's sickness just
as vascular dementia which are the two most usually happening sorts of dementia. There are a
few variables or viewpoints with the assistance of which the danger of dementia can be
altogether decreased to a huge degree. In this connection, the principal factor is recognized to be
a healthy and adjusted eating routine (Davies, Iliffe, Hopwood, Walker, Ross, Rait and Walters,
2019).
One more factor that should be considered to forestall the danger of dementia inside older
individuals is weight. It is regularly observed that overweight individuals or individuals having
the problem of obesity are progressively inclined to dementia. Along these lines, by
appropriately keeping up the weight according to the age and the tallness, an individual can
forestall being struck by dementia. Another factor that can control the prevalence of dementia
inside older individuals is found out to be controlling the liquor intake. Unnecessary admission
of liquor straightforwardly expands the odds of individuals being struck by dementia. Hence, by
having a power over the measure of liquor that is devoured by an individual, an individual can to

an enormous degree control the danger of being struck by this chronic disorder
(Fetherstonhaugh, McAuliffe, Bauer and Shanley, 2017).
Dementia is commonly acknowledged as the syndrome that generally occurs among the
individual who suffered with any of the accident in which brain of the person has been injured in
some manner. Here, it can be said that there are range of the health especially mental health
related issues which occurs among the older people which generally takes place due to the
dementia and mental pressure on the individual occurred on them. In addition to this, it has been
later analysed that the influence of the dementia on the older people becomes when they have no
one to take care of them.
In addition to this, the findings have also revealed that medical practitioners are required to
emphasise on conducting regular based test for the persons who is suffering from any of the
symptom related to the dementia. This simply contributes in determining the core influence of
dementia among the old age people. Early identification of the dementia simply supports medical
practitioners in finding out best treatment for the patient thus there are higher chances of the
recovery for them all in appropriate manner. According this information, medical practitioners
can also develop adequate chart for the dementia patient which will include all activities such as
eating habits, medication timing along with the dose, eating time, exercise timing and others.
DISCUSSION
On the basis of overall detailed information attained from the secondary information which
have been presented on the topic dementia and its core problems are faced by older people
suffering from dementia in the stage of aging. It has been analysed that the overall data obtained
from the several sources on dementia and other health problems which affects old age people a
lot (Latimer, 2018). The most common symptom of dementia is related to weaker memory of the
person due to which they are not able to remember things. As a result, it becomes difficult for
them to survive their life effectively within the society. Apart from this, it has also been
acknowledged that the other associated symptoms related to the same are slow thinking process,
impairment of the communication, recent memory loss, problems in communicating,
disorientation, mood changes and misplacing things and many others.
In addition to this, it has been determined that most of the common cases among dementia
have been observed in the old age but some of the other cases related to the same are identified
in other age groups too. In addition to this, the later the study has revealed that some of the main

stages of dementia are mild cognitive impairment, mild dementia, moderate dementia and severe
dementia (Klaming, Annese, Veltman and Comijs, 2017). The main symptoms that is noticed
among the people especially older one at this stage are memory loss, confusion, personality
changes, getting lost, and difficulty in planning and carrying out tasks. In addition to this, it has
been further acknowledged that the third stage shows the significant change in the personality of
the same person. Here, it can be said that the respective person becomes agitated without any sort
of specified reason (Johansson and et. al., 2017).
It has been later on analysed that it is highly important for the healthcare practitioners to
conduct appropriate testing of the person who is facing even minor symptom of dementia. Here,
it can be said that if the person initially faces any sort of issues related to the same then the
person has time to get treated as they can easily go for the rightful treatment towards it. Also, the
practitioners can easily find out that which sort of symptom is being faced by them so that they
can easily develop effectively recovery plan along with the medication for the patient.
Apart from this, it has been acknowledged that impact of the dementia on the personal
life of the older people has been identified as worsen at these age they have to go through the
major influential health issue that is memory loss. The overall impact of all these symptoms
clearly specifies that the respective person is not able to perform their daily routine work
(Grenier, Lloyd and Phillipson, 2017). This simply develops burden on the respective family
members with whom the person is living. In addition to this, there are probable chances that the
person might not able to maintain its relationship with the family member because; due to this
disease the same person is not able to fulfil the need and requirement of the family members.
They might not feel satisfied towards the same person.
On the other hand, it has been further analysed that dementia is not only affecting
personal life of the individual but at the same time it is placing major influence over their family
and the companions with whom they are spending their life (Green, Camilli and Elmore, 2012).
It has been seen that dementia many a times develops feeling of depression among the individual
as they feels that they are of no use now because they are highly dependent on other people
especially family. It has also been observed that people who suffers from dementia requires a
person every time who can provide them support in executing their daily based life activities.
Dependency on other related to every small thing makes person highly depressed that starts
thinking that they are burden on other people.

Away with this, it is commonly seen that as there are probable chances individuals
suffering from the dementia are not able to focus on their health conditions as well as the
treatment with which they can easily recovers soon and comeback to their routine life. Thus, by
having appropriate knowledge on the disease individuals as well as the healthcare practitioners
are easily make appropriate decision regarding taking to the treatment that can be done
effectively so that patient could get recovered in the quicker manner (Gioia, Corley and
Hamilton, 2013). Also, impact of dementia can also been seen in the form of the increase in
mental stress for the same as support of family as well as society towards looks like normal
healthy course thus they are not able to make decision associated with the same as they now
understanding core requirement of the patient. This is ultimately increasing mental stress among
them in negative manner. This mental stress among these people reduces their working potential.
Along with this, it has been further analysed that Alzheimer syndrome as well as dementia most
of them are placing most negative experience on the same person as the outcomes which they are
attaining now from their daily based life is quite negative and unfavourable for them (Gagliese,
Gauthier, Narain and Freedman, 2018). It has been later seen that because of the memory as the
main symptom of dementia people suffering with the some of the common issues life such as
memory loss, feeling depressed and low within the society as they are not accepted by the family
members when goes through the severe stage of the dementia.
The overall information attained in the literature review section clearly specifies that
dementia among the people could happen due to many reasons. It has been analysed that
dementia could occur due to any sort of injury which had affected brain cells of the same person.
This damage could also result in the development of dementia among the same person (Cai and
et. al., 2020). Apart from this some of the other most common reasons identified due to which
dementia generally takes place in the elder people are Vascular cognitive impairment,
Parkinson’s disease, HIV, Dementia with Lewy bodies, Alzheimer's disease, Frontotemporal
dementia etc. Here it can be said that all of these are mostly determined as the main reason which
results in the development of the dementia among the older people. Creation of the dementia
among older people not only influences their own life but at the same time it places major impact
over the life of the people who are associated with them such as family members, neighbours and
health care practitioners too.

CONCLUSION
From the overall analysis made on this investigation, it has been analysed that dementia
is one among the most influential disease that affects the wellbeing of the person. The main
symptom of this syndrome is seen in the form of forgetting daily based things due to person are
not able to remember even basic things. It is commonly seen in the old age people who faces
problem related to it. It has been later analysed that occurrence of dementia among old age
people directly affects their personal life as becomes completely dependent on others. It has been
also seen that dementia cannot be treated among older people as the medication does not works
on them in the same direction. The studies have also revealed that if the same kind of treatment
or the medication is given to the younger people suffering from dementia then they would
definitely recover sooner as their body is responding to the treatment quicker as compare to the
older people. It has been later acknowledged that dementia among old people has the major
impact over their personal life as well as the surrounding. The present investigation has revealed
that the negative influence of dementia can be reduced effectively by adopting some of the
effective ways such as healthy lifestyle, healthy and balanced diet, maintenance of weight,
controlling the intake of alcohol and Non smoking lifestyle etc. All of these are healthy habits
that allow person is keeping themselves away from dementia in each possible manner. In
addition to this, it has later been analysed that dementia is considered as one of the primary
causes of disability among the personnel and is also recognised to be causing dependency within
the older generation of the population across the world.
The respective study have been conducted by considering secondary method of data
collection with the motive of gathering maximum information on the present study that
ultimately supports in determining best solution towards the core research problem. In addition
to this, inclusion of secondary data also makes the outcome more reliable as it has included
several views and perception towards the same topic that is helpful in attaining valid outcome on
the chosen topic in rightful manner. Apart from this, for analysing the attained information the
investigator makes use of qualitative method of data analysis as it is supportive analysing overall
gathered information which contributes in finding out best possible outcome related to the same
in rightful manner. Along with this, inductive approach has been chosen by the researcher for

carrying out project as the method is best suitable for the qualitative method and supports
researcher in completing the investigation in best possible manner.

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