Wildlife Tourism and Its Impact on North Stradbroke Island
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This research paper discusses the impact of wildlife tourism on North Stradbroke Island, focusing on the negative effects on the environment and wildlife habitats. The study proposes solutions to these problems and suggests proper allocation of revenue to conserve the location.
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1 Running head: Tourism and hospitality TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY
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2 Tourism and hospitality Abstract The research project is about describing the facts and incidents related to wildlife tourism specifically focusing on the North Stradbroke Island location. A research background is present in the project describing the origin of the issues and their impacts. It also talks about different cases related to wild animal attack on humans as well as counter attack from the residents. The rationale of the study is to provide effective solutions for these issues that both Tourists and the wildlife Habitat are facing in this area.
3 Tourism and hospitality Table of Contents Abstract......................................................................................................................................3 Introduction................................................................................................................................3 Background of the research....................................................................................................4 The rationale of the study.......................................................................................................4 Research aim..........................................................................................................................5 Research objectives................................................................................................................5 Research questions.................................................................................................................5 Methodology..............................................................................................................................5 Data collection method..........................................................................................................5 Data analysis..........................................................................................................................6 Ethics......................................................................................................................................6 Results........................................................................................................................................6 Discussion..................................................................................................................................7 Recommendation........................................................................................................................8 References..................................................................................................................................9
4 Tourism and hospitality Introduction Presently the wildlife tourism has become the central point of attractionto the people throughout the world.Coupled withthe digitalisation of almost everything, ithas also become easierto connect with the whole world just sitting in your home with the help of the internet. Be it situated in any corner of the worldpeoplecannowsee the diverse culture and natural beauty of all the wildlife location or places in the world. North Stradbroke Island is a beautiful wildlife location with a wide range of beautiful wildlife animals and plants and an unbelievably beautiful scenic beauty. The island is situated at the north Straddie of Australia. The beautiful beaches and culture of the place attract numerous tourists every year to visit the place.Touristsareoverwhelmed bythe adventure, surfing, the traditional festivals such as the famous Quandamooka festival of the natives of the country and many more fun activities offered by the tourism organisations. However,on the other side of the spectrum, it also leavesa negative effect on the place and on the habitat too. Many problems are arousing from these activities, which mayadversely affectthe environmental aspects of the place and destroy the natural eco-balance of the surroundings andthereby deteriorating the ecological footprint(Pirotta & Lusseau, 2015).In this study, these harmful effects caused by the wildlife tourism to the place and on its habitats are discussed. Moreover,plausiblesolutions to these problems will be proposed in the research paper. Background of the research In the recent era, wildlife tourism is gaining huge attention across the globe.Alongwith the outburst of the human population, the number of tourists visiting these wildlife destinations is increasing rapidly. Wildlife tourism is being regarded as the biggest businessopportunityof recent times all over the world. The natural beauty and the diversity of flora and fauna of these locations attract the touriststowards theseplaces. However, with the increasing number
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5 Tourism and hospitality of people or tourists with thepassage of time, there alsoarise certain issues which are intricately related with thewildlife tourism. Increasing number of tourists is over-populatingthese locationsto such an extentthat it is becoming difficult for the local habitats as well as the wildlife creaturesto sustain their normal life(Taylor, Bogdan, & DeVault, 2015). Humans are introducing various non-natural and rather alien setups in the wild, which in turnare giving rise toproblems and often terrorising the natural habitats of that area. People often cause something so harmful and unhealthy things to the natural habitats of the area, that unknowingly causes some serious damage to the ecosystem of the place. There are numerousbehindthe wild animals attacking the tourists or even the guides, which raisesthe question of security. So, in this study, the effect of these things on the wildlife and howtheproblems can be solvedin order to conserve the natural health of the location will be discussed. The proper allocation of the revenue in order to conserve these wildlife locations and providing the safety to the people related to the process, be it the tourists or the tour guides or anyone else, is also a matter of consideration in this case(Burgin & Hardiman, 2015).Thus, a specific wildlife location, theNorth Stradbroke Island is being considered for the research purpose in this study. The background of the study is tracking the effects of the overpopulation of people in the wildlife location such as the North Stradbroke Island and trying to deliver some possible solutions to the problems arousing in the process of the wildlife tourism. The island is situated at the Straddie in Australia. The tourism organisation is offering various attractive programs to the tourists. However, in this process, they areleavingcertainharmfulimpact overthe wildlife of that place and sometimes even creating problems for the locals, knowingly or even unknowingly.
6 Tourism and hospitality The tourists are bringing various harmful, non-natural products to the wildlife,which in turn is giving rise toproblems for the habitats of the place. These things are often polluting the water as well as the forest surroundings. As addressed byLarmet al.(2018), toomuch noise created by the people isspoilingthe natural and peaceful environment of the place. People are evendisposing off unwanted substances, which are non-degradable such as plastic made things such as plastic bottles, plastic bags and other things made of plastic or similar harmful materials to the natural system (Rizzariet al.2017). These are making the place dirty and a mess.Thus, it is important for the wildlife tourism organisations to consider these things and take necessary measures to control the situation. The rationale of the study Rationaleof this research study has three main points on which the study will be based. These three points arethoroughly covered throughout the research work, and a suitable conclusionhas also been provide so as to achieve the desired outcome of the research.. 1.Various problems arearisingfrom the process of the wildlife tourism in the North Stradbroke Island. These problems will be discussed and tracked thoroughly in the research study. 2.A possible solution to the problems that have been tracked down in the research study will be proposed.The research work has also discussed the way through which the management of the concerned location can deal with these issues along with the basic responsibilities that the tourists as well as the local residents are required to take. Waysto avoid these factors in order to stop the pollution of the place as well as the other problems too will be discussed in this study(Rizzariet al.,2017). 3.The study also focuses on proposing solution to pollution in the wildlife conservative areas. Again, other problems regarding the process of the tourism at these places and
7 Tourism and hospitality ensuring the safety of all the people starting from the tourists to the tour guides has been provided in this research study. Research aim The main aim of the research is to identify wildlife tourism on the wildlife ecosystem and habitat. Research objectives To identify the effects of the wildlife tourism on the respective wildlife surroundings and its habitats as well. To provide the possible solutions to those problems. To deliver a suitable allocation of the wildlife tourism revenue for implementing those proposed solutions to the respective problems. Research questions 1.In which ways it is possible to restrict the number of visitors and why is it necessary? 2.How to allocate the revenue that comes from the wildlife tourism sector to solve these problems? Methodology The researchisdone inthree majorparts.In order to carryout theresearch study successfully, one must at firstconducta thorough study for understanding the subject of the research by accessing and utilising various data on the respective subject from different sources. Thesources shallbe any valid articles or books on the respective subject of the study or even the internet itself.In the second step, necessary data is collected from those sources needed for the research. The last and the most important part of the study is to organise and analyse those data properly in order to come to a conclusion and fulfilling the objective of the research study.Even after that if the study does not reach the fulfilment of its objectives, then
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8 Tourism and hospitality the documentation of the reasons behind that and the challenges that were faced during the research should be done. This is because in any future research’s attempt on the same subject those problems could be avoided for the success of the research. Data collection method Collecting the proper data for the research is very important in order to obtain a right result of the study. Data collection canbe categorised into two distinct methods, primary data collection method and secondary data collection method. The primary data collection is done by doing various interviews, surveys on the subject so that fresh data can be obtained on the respective matter. The secondary data collection is done by researching various books, journals, articles etc. related to the respective subject of the research study or even going through the previous research papers done on the same subject(Flick, 2015). In this research study, the secondary data collection method has been used although two environmentalists were approached for a better understanding of the matter and taking their opinions about the matter. Data analysis The data can be analysed in two ways, quantitative data analysis method and qualitative data analysis method. In the qualitative data analysis method, a thorough, descriptive and non- numericdataanalysiswheretherespondentsoftheprocessprovideathoroughand descriptive data regarding the respective subject of the research study(Tayloret al.,2015). Where the quantitative data analysis method consists of the numerical data collection using mathematical and statistical methods for providing evidence and supporting the primary ideas and assumption on the respective subject of the study. In this research study, the qualitative data analysis method has been used for obtaining a better understanding of the matter and providing possible outcomes to solve the problems related to the matter.
9 Tourism and hospitality Ethics The research study has strictly followed the ethical guidelines while collecting the related data of the study. The data presented in the paper of the research study is claimed to be authentic. No unauthentic source is used while collecting the data during the project. All the information provided in the research paper regarding the respective subject of the research study is true. Results For obtaining solution to the problems that are caused by the people in wildlife tourism on the respectivewildlife surroundingsof the location,the answers to two of the questions mentioned before were tried to be obtained in the research study and for this even two environmentalists were approached for better understanding of the matter and have their opinion on the matter of solving the respective problems of wildlife tourism. In which ways it is possible to restrict the number of visitors and why is it necessary? There are many negative effects of the wildlife tourism such as the pollution of the environment caused by the disposal of various non-natural, non-eco-friendly materials in the water as well as in the forests, disturbed breeding patterns of the animals and birds caused by nest desertion of the birds for doing arrangements for the tourists, egg trampling, disturbed feeding patterns caused by hand feeding the animals, spotlighting and so on. Overpopulation of the place causes serious disturbance for the wildlife animals. Therefore, for solving these problems, the tours could be minimised and even be arranged to be seasonal. In this way, the number of the tourists can be controlled so that it does not create any problems in the natural operation of the wildlife(Traveet al.2017). Necessary constructions and arrangements could be developed in order to limit the human wild animal’s interaction so that the security of the both can be ensured. While doing open safaris, proper measures should be maintained so that
10 Tourism and hospitality there could be no problems of security of the tourists as well as the animals. The tourists should be instructed to maintain a safe distance from the wild animals while interacting with them so that they would not be disturbed and do any harm to them. The tourists should be restricted to use any harmful non-natural elements and things inside the wildlife. The use and disposalofplasticmadematerialsshouldberestrictedinthearea.Therearemany arrangements of human-made attraction in the North Stradbroke Island for amusing the tourists such as open safaris, surfing, beach parties and many other arrangements for family time spending in the wild which can cause a disturbance for the wildlife animals and distract them from their natural habits which can cause problems while the process(Pirotta, & Lusseau, 2015). So, this man made amusement arrangements should be minimised as much as possible for solving the problems it creates for the wild animals for maintaining a healthy and natural environment on the island. How to allocate the revenue that comes from the wildlife tourism sector in order to solve these problems? Wildlife tourism is arapidlygrowing business and is considered as one of the biggest business enterprises all over the world presently. Thus, there is a huge revenue coming from these sectors of the wildlife tourism. So the countries around the globe are encouraging and promoting this in order to attract more tourists to visit their country. This considerable revenue obtained in the wildlife tourism could be used for positive purposes, which could be beneficial for everybody. Thus, a proper allocation of the revenue is significant for achieving those positive outcomes in the process (Ardoinet al.2015). Although the activities and entertainments are attracting the tourists to the North Stradbroke Island, it causes some serious problems and disturbance for the wildlife animals and harms their natural habitat. Therefore, it is essential for the wildlife tourism authorities of the North Stradbroke Island to limit these activities as much as possible. The revenue could rather be used to provide proper
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11 Tourism and hospitality wages for the workers of the wildlife tourism (Argüelles, Coscarella, Fazio, &Bertellotti, 2016). More workers could be allotted to the tasks of maintaining the cleanliness of the place and attending the tourists. Various programs and campaigns should be arranged to spread awareness among the local communities. Betterment of the security arrangements for the people as well as the animals should be done with this money. Better structures and arrangements could be made for conserving the natural and healthy lifestyle of the wild animals. Discussion Overpopulation is a big problemin the recentera and causes problems in every sector of the modern life. The wildlife tourism is also no exception. With an increasing number of tourists, every year at the North Stradbroke Island the sustainability of the wildlife is at risk. The people act quite ignorant about these problems sometimes, which causes a serious risk for the security and sustainability of the animals as well as for themselves too. Sometimes these ignorant people exploit the wildlife and the properties of the national parks (Conget al.2014). Cutting off the greenery for doing arrangements for the tourists can cause in lack of the natural vegetation for the animals of the location as well as cause imbalance in the ecosystem of the place(Moorhouseet al.,2017).From the answers to the above questions, it is clear that the problems arising in the wildlife tourism is thus a very grave problem and needs instant attention. Many serious problems are emerging from the matter of limitless wildlife tourism in the North Stradbroke Island. People are ignorant of the negative impacts they cause by various unhealthy activities for the wild animals, birds and trees. Thus, the tourism authority of North Stradbroke Island should take this matter seriously before it goes out of hand and causes some serious problem to the habitats of the area. The tourists as well as the local communities need to be aware of the issues and should co-operate in the process of solving them. The revenue that comes from the wildlife tourism should be appropriately used in this
12 Tourism and hospitality case for solving these problems and maintaining a healthy and natural environment in the North Stradbroke Island (Notzke, 2016). The entertainment and the activities associated to the tourism process should be limited to the extent that would not cause any problem or disturbance for the animals as well as the other habitats of the island(Traveet al.,2017). In the research study, a thorough discussion about the respective matter of the effects of the wildlife tourism on the environment and the habitats of the North Stradbroke Island is conducted.The research alsoattemptedtotrace outthe possible solutions for the respective problems of the wildlife tourism and goes through a thorough discussion of the answers to the two questions proposed in the study. From those answers, the possible solutions are proposed to the respective problem. It is crucial to understand the matter and solve the problems in time because it can, in turn, harm us in the future as the whole ecosystem is being vandalised. So it is expected that this research study will be helpful for solving those problems and guiding the people to maintain a better and healthier environment in the North Stradbroke Island as well as at any other wildlife location in the world. Recommendations In order to solve the issues related to the wildlife tourism, the authority and the management should first understand the problems thoroughly. The reasons behind those problems as well as the negative impacts of the process on the wild animals of the area and on the environment itselfare to be analysed. They should take necessary steps toward the betterment of the situation and make arrangements for solving the respective problems. They must make the tourists as well as the local communities aware of the threats related to the subject. The tourists should be instructed to maintain and follow all the rules and regulation (Ardoinet al. 2015). The use of various harmful materials for the wild animals as well as for the environment itself should be banned for use in the wildlife area. Ignorant disposal of these
13 Tourism and hospitality elements such as the plastic bags or bottles and many other harmful materials or chemical product should be restricted. The tourists should be instructed to keep a safe distance while interacting with wild animals. Unauthorised entry in the restricted areas and excess cutting off trees should be stopped. Thus, with these precautions, the respective problems related to the wildlife tourism can be solved. Conclusion From the study overpopulation has been highlighted related to the case study provided at North Stradbroke Island. Overpopulation is nearly a threat to the wildlife habitat and also nature. Different issues raised to overpopulation arise such as pollution, deforestation and other disturbing incidents. Some recommendations are also provided with respect to the issues marked in the study.
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14 Tourism and hospitality References Ardoin, N. M., Wheaton, M., Bowers, A. W., Hunt, C. A., & Durham, W. H. (2015). Nature- based tourism's impact on environmental knowledge, attitudes, and behavior: a review and analysis of the literature and potential future research.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,23(6), 838-858. Argüelles, M. B., Coscarella, M., Fazio, A., & Bertellotti, M. (2016). Impact of whale- watching on the short-term behavior of Southern right whales (Eubalaena australis) in Patagonia, Argentina.Tourism Management Perspectives,18, 118-124. Burgin, S., & Hardiman, N. (2015). Effects of non-consumptive wildlife-oriented tourism on marine species and prospects for their sustainable management.Journal of Environmental Management,151(2), 210-220. Cong, L., Wu, B., Morrison, A. M., Shu, H., & Wang, M. (2014). Analysis of wildlife tourism experiences with endangered species: An exploratory study of encounters with giant pandas in Chengdu, China.Tourism Management,40, 300-310. Flick, U. (2015).Introducing research methodology: A beginner's guide to doing a research project. Sage. Larm, M., Elmhagen, B., Granquist, S. M., Brundin, E., & Angerbjörn, A. (2018). The role of wildlife tourism in conservation of endangered species: Implications of safari tourism for conservation of the Arctic fox in Sweden.Human Dimensions of Wildlife,23(3), 257-272. Moorhouse, T. P., Dahlsjö, C. A., Baker, S. E., D'Cruze, N. C., & Macdonald, D. W. (2015). The customer isn't always right—conservation and animal welfare implications of the increasing demand for wildlife tourism.PloS one,10(10), e0138939.
15 Tourism and hospitality Moorhouse, T., D'Cruze, N. C., & Macdonald, D. W. (2017). Unethical use of wildlife in tourism: what's the problem, who is responsible, and what can be done?.Journal of Sustainable Tourism,25(4), 505-516. Notzke, C. (2016). Wild horse-based tourism as wildlife tourism: the wild horse as the other.Current Issues in Tourism,19(12), 1235-1259. Pirotta, E., & Lusseau, D. (2015). Managing the wildlife tourism commons.Ecological Applications,25(3), 729-741. Rizzari, J. R., Semmens, J. M., Fox, A., & Huveneers, C. (2017). Observations of marine wildlife tourism effects on a non‐focal species.Journal of fish biology,91(3), 981- 988. Taylor, S. J., Bogdan, R., & DeVault, M. (2015).Introduction to qualitative research methods: A guidebook and resource. John Wiley & Sons. Trave, C., Brunnschweiler, J., Sheaves, M., Diedrich, A., & Barnett, A. (2017). Are we killing them with kindness? Evaluation of sustainable marine wildlife tourism. Biological Conservation,209(2), 211-222.