Renewable Energy Technology

Wind Resource
Renewable energy technology
December 12 2019
1500 words
DR. Katerina Fragaki
University of central Lancshire

Introduction
Wind energy (or wind power) explains the process of generating electricity from wind. Wind
turbines transform mechanical power, in form of kinetic energy in the wind, to useful energy.
Mechanical energy can be turned into electricity by a turbine. For specific tasks such as
pumping water or hydraulic energy, the produced power can be used directly.
Site description
The prosed renewable energy is to be installed in Camborne. Camborne is situated in the
western part of Cornwall's major urban and commercial region, 3 miles (4.8 km) east of
Redruth. It is a broad civil parish ecclesial hub and has a city council. On the northern side of
the Carn Brea / Carnmenellis granite upland, Camborne-Redruth is sloping north to the
shore. The two sites were connected by the 1839 turn-piked A3047 road and the settlements
along the route (westward) are Roskear, Tuckingmill, Pool and Illogan.
Available data
Real time weather data for Camborne can be obtained from http://camborne-
weather.org.nz/wx5.html . The website reports real time data from the metrological station in
Camborne.
As of December, 11 2019, the available ir reported as follows.
Table 1 table of wind data for Camborne region. As of 11 December 20191
Local
Time We Dec 11 Th Dec 12 Fr Dec 13 Sa Dec 14
a.m.
W 4-5
(Gusts 37
mph)
SW 5
(Gusts 37
mph)
NW 6
(Gusts 50
mph)
W 4-5
(Gusts 37
mph)
p.m.
NW 4-5
(Gusts 37
mph)
W 5
(Gusts 44
mph)
W 4-5 W 4
evening W 4
NW 6
(Gusts 56
mph)
W 6
(Gusts 56
mph)
SW 4-5
(Gusts 50
mph)
1 www.weatheronline.co.uk, "long-term forecast Camborne Temperature 30 days",
in Weatheronline.co.uk, , 2019, <https://www.weatheronline.co.uk/weather/maps/city?
LANG=en&WMO=03808&CONT=ukuk&R=0&LEVEL=53&REGION=0003&LAND=UK&NOR
EGION=1&MAPTYP=wind&SORT=&TIME=30> [accessed 11 December 2019].

Table 2 wind speed forecast data for Camborne, UK2
2 www.weatheronline.co.uk, "long-term forecast Camborne Temperature 30 days",
in Weatheronline.co.uk, , 2019, <https://www.weatheronline.co.uk/weather/maps/city?
LANG=en&WMO=03808&CONT=ukuk&R=0&LEVEL=53&REGION=0003&LAND=UK&NOR
EGION=1&MAPTYP=wind&SORT=&TIME=30> [accessed 11 December 2019].

Task A- Wind variability
There are several causes of variation in wind power, including short-term (seconds to
minutes) and long-term (day or regular hours). The design of wind turbine, the control
process, and variations in wind speed both influence the variation of short-term energy at
each turbine. A Type 1 induction generator blade wind turbine feels the tower shadow effect
each time a blade approaches the roof; Type 1 turbine performance is typically fluctuating as
a result. Type 3 and Type 4 wind turbines are fitted with power electronics and have a
reasonable range of variable speeds; therefore, the power converter control masks the
influence of the tower shadow effect.
I. Variation during the year in the magnitude of mean monthly wind speed
To find the mean wind speed per month, we used the formulae
mean= total ∑ of wind speeds for a month
total hours ∈a month or total ∑ of wind speeds for a≪days ∈a month
total hours ∈a month
This was performed in excel using the function Fx =Average (E2; E745)
Which gives the table below.
Table 3 data distribution for mean wind speed based on months
Month Mean wind
speed
1 10.8104839
2 11.3883929
3 11.0201613
4 11.6055556
5 10.5913978
6 9.70833333
7 7.73790323
8 7.82795699
9 9.25833333
10 11.6451613
11 9.89027778
12 12.0725806

JAN FEB MARCH APR MAY JUN JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
10.8104838709677
11.388392857142911.0201612903226
11.6055555555556
10.5913978494624
9.70833333333333
7.737903225806457.82795698924731
9.25833333333333
11.6451612903226
9.89027777777778
12.0725806451613
Mean wind speed
Maximum average wind speed is 12.0725806, which is experienced in Dcember
II. The average hourly variation in the magnitude of wind speed
The hourly variation of wind speed varies from 0000hours to 2300hours withing a day. The
average hourly variation in the magnitude of wind speed, which is the task to be done,
as per my view, can be derived by finding the average of wind speed across 24 hours for
each month.
This has been done using excel tool. The graph is represented as follows.
JAN FEB MARCH APR MAY JUN JULY AUG SEPT OCT NOV DEC
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
10.8104838709677
11.388392857142911.0201612903226
11.6055555555556
10.5913978494624
9.70833333333333
7.737903225806457.82795698924731
9.25833333333333
11.6451612903226
9.89027777777778
12.0725806451613
Mean wind speed

Task B- Wind speed distribution
The speed of the wind varies constantly. To predict the production in a wind turbine, it is
necessary to know exactly how often the wind blows as strongly as possible. The wind is
usually measured by an anemometer and the average wind speed is recorded every 10
minutes. It is possible to sort this information into wind speed groups of 1 m / s each. This
frequency distribution can then express the energy contained in the wind at a certain site3.
The range for wind speed is between 0knots to 30knots.
Using the excel function countifs, the class of distribution was as follows
3 G Giebel, "A variance analysis of the capacity displaced by wind energy in Europe",
in Wind Energy, vol. 10, 2007, 69-79.

Task C – wind turbine siting
A wind turbine must be installed in the highest, smoothest conditions, well above ground
storm. Wind site assessors start the process of locating a wind turbine by determining a
site's prevailing wind direction. Although at different times of the year, or even within the
same day, winds blow in different directions, they come mainly from one or two directions
over the year. In many areas for United Kingdom, owing to the Coriolis effect, winds arrive
mainly from the southwest. Often in the winter they blow from the northwest.
To assess the prevailing wind stream, ask farmers ' guidance, who are working outdoors and
thus familiar with wind patterns, or contact a local airport. You may have a wind rose, a
visual depiction of the direction of the wind. In a rose, the length of the spokes around the
circle indicates how often the wind sweeps in a certain direction. The bigger the column, the
higher it is. In the climate rose the winds primarily from the Southwest in the Image Gallery.
An increase in wind also points to each direction, which is very helpful, as a percentage of
total wind energy4.
4 Motherearthnews.com, in Motherearthnews.com, , 2019,
<https://www.motherearthnews.com/renewable-energy/wind-power/wind-turbine-siting-
ze0z1205zsie> [accessed 11 December 2019].

Conclusion
There are several causes of variation in wind power, including short-term (seconds to
minutes) and long-term (day or regular hours). The design of wind turbine, the control
process, and variations in wind speed both influence the variation of short-term energy at
each turbine. A Type 1 induction generator blade wind turbine feels the tower shadow effect
each time a blade approaches the roof; Type 1 turbine performance is typically fluctuating as
a result. Type 3 and Type 4 wind turbines are fitted with power electronics and have a
reasonable range of variable speeds; therefore the power converter control masks the
influence of the tower shadow effect.

References
Giebel, G, "A variance analysis of the capacity displaced by wind energy in
Europe.". in Wind Energy, 10, 2007, 69-79.
"How Do Wind Turbines Work?". in , , 2019,
<https://www.energy.gov/eere/wind/how-do-wind-turbines-work> [accessed
11 December 2019].
Motherearthnews.com. in Motherearthnews.com, , 2019,
<https://www.motherearthnews.com/renewable-energy/wind-power/wind-
turbine-siting-ze0z1205zsie> [accessed 11 December 2019].
www.weatheronline.co.uk, "long-term forecast Camborne Temperature 30 days.".
in Weatheronline.co.uk, , 2019,
<https://www.weatheronline.co.uk/weather/maps/city?
LANG=en&WMO=03808&CONT=ukuk&R=0&LEVEL=53&REGION=000
3&LAND=UK&NOREGION=1&MAPTYP=wind&SORT=&TIME=30>
[accessed 11 December 2019].