Wireless Network and Security

This report focuses on the comparison of the different existing networks and the different forms of communication spectrums along with their network based speeds and bandwidth. Security is a major form of aspect within the networks. Several kinds of techniques related to the aspects of security should be highly considered during the transmission of data within the networks. This report puts major focus on the architecture of LTE and LTE-A networks.

nnin ead T A TRu g h : WIRELESS NE WORK ND SECURI Y
irele et or and ec ritW ss N w k S u y
ame o t e t dentN f h S u
ame o t e ni er itN f h U v s y
A t or noteu h ’s

1T A TWIRELESS NE WORK ND SECURI Y
Ta le o ontentb f C s
ntrod ction1. I u .............................................................................................................................................2
ompari on o ell lar et or2. C s f C u N w ks............................................................................................................2
T T A Arc itect re3. L E/L E- h u ............................................................................................................................3
al ation o T T A Attac on acce and core net or4. Ev u f L E/L E- ks ss w ks................................................................6
denti ication and Anal i5. I f ys s.......................................................................................................................7
oncl ion6. C us ...............................................................................................................................................7
e erence7. R f s...............................................................................................................................................9

2T A TWIRELESS NE WORK ND SECURI Y
ntrod ction1. I u
T e on Term ol tion T T Ad anced T A co ld e de ined a a orm o net or t ath L g Ev u (L E)/L E- v (L E- ) u b f s f f w k h
a pro ided illion o er it reater orm o acilitie c a etter orm o e icienc a ed onh s v b s f us s w h g f f f s su h s b f f ff y b s
pectr m i er amo nt o cell lar and idt and lo er latenc a compared to t e re lar cell lars u , h gh u f u b w hs w y s h gu u
net or t at ere traditionall ed T o t e net or arc itect re o T i till in t eirw ks h w y us . h ugh h w k h u f L E s s h
de elopment p a e ence t e are al o acin ome i e related it ec rit d e to t e P a edv h s s, h h y s f g s ssu s w h s u y u h I -b s
etero eneo arc itect re ence t ere i a ma or need or impro in t e net or ec rit it inh g us h u [1]. H h s j f v g h w k s u y w h
t e arc itect re T ere o ld e a proper and acc rate le el o ec rit mea rement it in t eh h u . h sh u b u v f s u y su w h h
net or n order to ac ie e t e i er le el o ec rit it in t e net or t ere o ld e a properw k. I h v h h gh v f s u y w h h w k, h sh u b
anal i o t e e i tin tem ele ant data related it ec rit o ld e collected and anal ed orys s f h x s g sys s. R v w h s u y sh u b yz f
t e p rpo e o detection o attac T i report oc e on t e ario a pect o t e e i tin cell larh u s f f ks. h s f us s h v us s s f h x s g u
net or t e arc itect ral net or tr ct re o T and t e ario ind o attac t at co ld ew ks, h h u w k s u u f L E h v us k s f ks h u b
prone to t e temh sys s.
ompari on o ell lar et or2. C s f C u N w ks
Attri tebu T T AL E/L E- iMAW X MGS i iW -F
omm nicationC u
pectr mS u
T e re ench f qu y
and or T ib s f L E s
net or arew k 10-20
M T e T AHz. h L E-
re enc and if qu y b s
M100 Hz.
T e and oh b f
re enc ran ef qu y g
romf 2 – 11 GHz.
T e mo th s
commonl edy us
re enc aref qu y 3.5
and 5.8 GHz.
T e allocatedh
pectr m ands u b
o M aref GS 850
M andHz 1900
MHz.
T e i i i a edh W -F s b s
on IEEE 802.11
tandard t es . I us s
t e andh 2.4 GHz
radio5.8 GHz
andb s.
Mod lationu
Tec ni eh qu s
T e T eh L E us s
rt o onalO h g
re enc i i ionF qu y D v s
M ltiple Mu x (OFD )
and in leS g
re enc i i ionF qu y D v s
M ltiple Acceu ss
MA(SC-FD ) [2]
T e iMAh W X
tec nolo ma eh gy k s
e o adrat reus f Qu u
Amplit deu
Mod lation AMu (Q )
and PQ SK
tec ni e oh qu s f
mod lationu .
T e Mh GS
employs
a ianG uss
Minim m i tu Sh f
e in MK y g (G SK).
t i a orm oI s f f
mod lationu
tec ni e t at ih qu h s
ed in temus sys s
o di ital radiof g
comm nicationu s.
T e i ih W -F
net or ma ew ks k
e ous f
omplementarC y
ode e inC K y g
P l e(CCK), u s -
Po itions
Mod lationu
PPM clic( ), Cy -
ode i t e inC Sh f K y g
and AM(CCSK) Q
Medi m Acceu ss
ontrolC
Mec ani mh s
T e protocol edh s us
in T are no n aL E k w s
Pac et atak D
on er enceC v g
Protocol P P( DC ),
T e iMA MAh W X C
a een peciallh s b s y
de i ned and as g h s
een optimi ed orb z f
ena lin o t eb g f h
T i net orh s w k
al o ma e es k s us
o a MA la erf C y
o protocolf ,
ic i imilarwh h s s
T e i ih W -F
net or ma ew ks k
e o t eus f h IEEE
tandard a in802 s s
t e orm o MAh f f C

3T A TWIRELESS NE WORK ND SECURI Y
t e MA protocolh C
and adio inR L k
ontrolC (RLC).
m ltipointu
application a eds b s
on irelew ss
tandards s [3].
to t e T T Ah L E/L E-
net orw k
tandards s.
la er and t esub y h
orm o lo icalf f g
lin controlk sub
la er icy , wh h
to et er elp ing h h
t e ma in oh k g f
data lin la erk y .
et or peedN w k S
and and idtB w h
tili ationU z
T e peed o Th s s f L E
are M p45 b s
erea t e peedwh s h s s
o T A are in t ef L E- h
ran e og s f 200
M pb s.
T i orm oh s f f
net or o erw k ff s
net or peed ow k s s f
M p T e54 b s. h
peed o in les s f s g
iMA o ldW X w u
ran e romg f 70
M p or moreb s .
T e net orh 3G w k
peed it ins s w h
M co ld ran eGS u g
rom Mf 7.2 B/s
and M1.4 B/s.
T e net orh w k
peed o i is s f W -F
co ld reac p tou h u
M p to450 b s 600
M p t at areb s h
attri ted tobu
tandard802.11 s s.
ec ritS u y
Tec ni e andh qu s
iR sk
T e T net orh L E w k
are de i ned its g w h
i orm oh gh f f
cr pto rap icy g h
tec ni e t at areh qu s h
meant to protect
a ain t attac cg s ks su h
a ea e droppins v s g
and man ot ery h s.
T ere i a orm oh s f f
m t alu u
a t enticationu h
et een t eb w h
net or elementw k s
o T t at are iltf L E h bu
it in t ew h h
arc itect re o t eh u f h
net orw ks.
T i net or aceh s w k f s
ri rom Man insk f - -
t e Middle Attach - ks.
T i net or o erh s w k ff s
e eral orm os v f f
tec ni e relatedh qu s
to encr ptiony
a ain t ec ritg s s u y
lnera ilitievu b s
it in t e net orw h h w k.
T e Mh GS
net or acew ks f s
ec rit t reats u y h s
related to enialD
o er icef S v (DOS)
attac on t eks h
net orw k
temsys s.
Miti ationg
tec ni eh qu s
related to DOS
attac areks
ma orlj y
per ormedf
it in t ew h h
net or inw ks
order to ec res u
t e net orh w k
temsys s.
ome o t e mo tS f h s
common i iW -F
ec rit ri ares u y sks
a ed on Man inb s - -
t e Middleh -
Attacks,
ncr ptedE y
net or ni inw ks, S ff g
and noopinS g,
i tri tion oD s bu f
Mal are andw
Malicious
ot potH s s [4].
T T A Arc itect re3. L E/L E- h u
T e i orm o arc itect re a ed on T net or co ld e compri ed o t ree ma or orm oh h gh f f h u b s L E w ks u b s f h j f f
components:
er ipment1. Us Equ (UE) T e nderl in arc itect re o t e T T A net or o ld e– h u y g h u f h L E/L E- w ks w u b
imilar to t at o MT and M net ors h f U S GS w ks [5].

4T A TWIRELESS NE WORK ND SECURI Y
i T e T A Arc itect re(F g 1: h L E- h u )
ol ed MT Terre trial adio Acce et or T A2. Ev v U S s R ss N w ks (E-U R N) T e T A component i– h E-U R N s
oll re pon i le or t e p rpo e o andlin t e di erent comm nication a ed on radiowh y s s b f h u s f h g h ff u s b s
tran mi ion et een t e e ol in core o pac et and t e mo ile and comp tin de ice T e T As ss b w h v v g f k s h b u g v s. h E-U R N
compri e o e ode or es s f N B Nb.

5T A TWIRELESS NE WORK ND SECURI Y
i T e T A acce net or(F g 2: h E-U R N ss w k)
[6]
ol ed Pac et ore P3. Ev v k C (E C) ome o t e ma or component t at are in ol ed it in are Polic– S f h j h v v w h y
ontrol ar in le nction P and ipment dentit e i terC , Ch g g Ru s Fu ( CRF) Equ I y R g s (EIR) [6].

6T A TWIRELESS NE WORK ND SECURI Y
i T e P ore et or(F g 3: h E C C N w k)
T e e orm o irele a ed operator are elpin in t e e pan ion o t e net or a ed onh s f f w ss b s s h g h x s f h w ks b s
T T A in a rapid manner T e elp in ainin t e ad anta e o additional orm o e icienc lo erL E/L E- . h y h g g h v g s f f s f ff y, w
latenc T e e o ld e elp l or t e andlin o t e increa in tra ic it in t e tran mi ion o datay. h s w u b h fu f h h g f h s g ff w h h s ss f
[7].
i T e T Arc itect re(F g 4: h L E h u )
al ation o T T A Attac on acce and core net or4. Ev u f L E/L E- ks ss w ks
T e in ention o tec nolo ical tem led to t e rin in o ne er orm o mo ile a edh v f 1G h g sys s h b g g f w f f b b s
tem a ed on irele comm nication tandard T e e in ention o ne er orm o tem led tosys s b s w ss u s s. h s v f w f f sys s
ne er and ad anced arc itect ral tandard it in t e de ice and t e net or e orm ow v h u s s w h h v s h w k. N w f s f
protocol and ad anced inter ace a e al o e ol ed in a rapid pace T e e net or tandard ad al os v f s h v s v v . h s w k s s h s
p raded t e increa in capacit o data t at a tran erred it in t e nderl in comm nicationu g h s g y f h w s sf w h h u y g u
pattern T e rapid orm o e ol tion o t e net or rom to net or a e al o led to t es. h f f v u f h w ks f 1G 5G w ks h v s h
introd cin increa in orm o lnera ilitie and t reat to t e tem T e t reat ic are po edu g s g f f vu b s h s h sys s. h h s, wh h s
ario ro p and malicio acti itie co ld lead to t e t e t o data en t e o ld eby v us g u s us v s u h h f f wh h y w u b
tran erred rom one point o t e net or to anot er ec rit o t e net or i i l c allen edsf f f h w k h [8]. S u y f h w ks s h gh y h g
d e to ome o t e e t reat T e e orm o ma or dra ac it in t e tem a e led to t eu s f h s h s. h s f f j wb ks w h h sys h v h
increa in n m er o concern it in t e per ormance le el o t e core net or T e idels g u b f s w h h f v s f h w ks. h w y
di c ed concern related to t e e net or a e t e ma or amo nt o potential to lo er t es uss s h s w ks h v h j u f w h
tandard o t e e i tin net ors s f h x s g w ks.
T e ad ent o t e T A tandard o net or a e elped in t e de elopment o T irdh v f h L E- s s f w k h v h h v f h
eneration Partner Pro ect PP T i o ld e elp l or increa in t e a t orm o e icienc andG j (3G ). h s w u b h fu f s g h v s f f ff y
rai in t e alit o er ice it in t e net or T e implementation o ero no led e a t entications g h qu y f s v w h h w ks. h f z k w g u h

7T A TWIRELESS NE WORK ND SECURI Y
and p e do random a ed arc itect re o ld e a le to pre ent t e ario orm o potential attacs u b s h u w u b b v h v us f s f ks
it in t e temw h h sys [9].
T e net or o T o ld ma e e o t e late t tandard it in t e mar et t at o ld och w ks f L E w u k us f h s s s w h h k h w u f us
on t e ec rit a pect T i o ld pro ide t e e to per orm ec re ando er proce it in t eh s u y s s. h s w u v h k y f s u h v ss w h h
net or o T A T i orm o mec ani m o ld e elp l in pro idin e eral a ow k f E-UL R N. h s f f h s w u b h fu v g s v w ys f
tran errin t e e e in t e ertical or ori ontal direction Anot er orm o attac c a t esf g h Nb k ys h v h z . h f f ks su h s h
repla attac o ld al o e a le to crac t e ec rit eat re a ed it in t e e and ery ks w u s b b k h s u y f u s b s w h h Nb us
e ipmentqu [10].
denti ication and Anal i5. I f ys s
T ere are di erent ind o impo in t reat on t e ec rit it in t e net or n t e recenth ff k f s g h s h s u y w h h w ks. I h
pa t t ere ad een a a t n m er o impo in t reat on t e net or a ed on MT eepin t es , h h b v s u b f s g h s h w ks b s U S. K g h
ec rit a pect in i er con ideration it a decided to en ance t e tec nolo it in t e ne ers u y s s h gh s , w s h h h gy w h h w
orm o met od a ed on t e tec nolo t at a no n a T T ere are ot er orm o ec ritf f h s b s h h gy h w s k w s L E [11]. h h f s f s u y
mea re t at ere implemented it in t e pre io tec nolo ie T e e ere e tremel nece ar orsu s h w w h h v us h g s. h s w x y ss y f
eradicatin t e t reat it in t e ec rit it in t e net or T ere are ario ind o attac t atg h h s w h h s u y w h h w ks. h v us k s f ks h
are impo ed on t e tem c a t e Man n t e Middle M TM attac or attac An a reements h sys su h s h -I - h [ I ] k DOS ks. g
a ed on t e ec rit a pect o MT a t entication e a e een i l con idered in order tob s h s u y s s f U S u h k y h v b h gh y s
en ance t e ec rit concern T ere a anot er a reement t at a a ed on t e e ol in pac eth h s u y s. h w s h g h w s b s h v v g k
tem P e t at a al o pre entedsys (E S) k y h w s s s [12].
oncl ion6. C us
a ed on t e a o e di c ion it co ld e concl ded t at t e di erent orm o a tB s h b v s uss , u b u h h ff f s f v s
ad ancement it in t e T T A arc itect re co ld e o m c elp or t e comm nication temv s w h h L E/L E- h u u b f u h h f h u sys .
T i report oc e on t e compari on o t e di erent e i tin net or and t e di erent orm oh s f us s h s f h ff x s g w ks h ff f s f
comm nication pectr m alon it t eir net or a ed peed and and idt ec rit i a ma oru s u s g w h h w k b s s s b w h. S u y s j
orm o a pect it in t e net or e eral ind o tec ni e related to t e a pect o ec rit o ldf f s w h h w ks. S v k s f h qu s h s s f s u y sh u
e i l con idered d rin t e tran mi ion o data it in t e net or T i report p t ma or ocb h gh y s u g h s ss f w h h w ks. h s u s j f us
on t e arc itect re o T and T A net or it t e i er orm o ad ancement it in t eh h u f L E L E- w ks. W h h h gh f f v s w h h
ec rit tandard it can e di c ed t at t e ec rit a pect o ld e i l impro ed ors u y s s, b s uss h h s u y s s sh u b h gh y v f
de elopin a ec re mode o comm nication it in t e tem i er concern o ld al o e p tv g s u f u w h h sys s. H gh s sh u s b u
it in t e ector in t e a pect o ario attac c a ea e droppin M TM and ario ot erw h h s h s f v us ks su h s v s g, I , DOS v us h

8T A TWIRELESS NE WORK ND SECURI Y
ind o attac n rin t e i er orm o ec rit o ld lead to t e etterment o t e tem and ak s f ks. E su g h h gh f f s u y w u h b f h sys s
i mode o comm nicationh gh f u .

9T A TWIRELESS NE WORK ND SECURI Y
e erence7. R f s
an an a id a Man o ri and incent on " namic acce cla arrin or M M[1] Du , Suy g, V h Sh h- s u , V WS W g. Dy ss ss b g f 2
comm nication in T net or " nu s L E w ks. I
lo ecom or op
p
G b W ksh s (GC Wksh s), 2013 IEEE pp, . 4747-4752.
IEEE, 2013.
pe P re a id iaoli At ana io a ila o and ol er la en " n di tri ted and[2] Ló z- é z, D v , X Chu, h s s V. V s k s, H g C uss . O s bu
coordinated re o rce allocation or inter erence miti ation in el or ani in T net or "s u f f g s f- g z g L E w ks.
A M
IEEE/ C
Tran action on et or in
s s N w k g no21, . 4 (2013): 1145-1158.
Ta erner Man red and rn t one[3] f , f , E s B k.
irele internet acce o er M and MT
W ss
ss v GS U S prin er cience. S g S
ine Media& Bus ss , 2013.
ion ie and le amie on " ec rearra mpro in i i ec rit it ine rained p ical la er[4] X g, J , Ky J s . S u y: I v g w f s u y w h f -g hys - y
in ormation " nf . I
Proceedin o t e t ann al international con erence on Mo ile comp tin
gs f h 19 h u
f
b u g &
net or in
w k g pp A M, . 441-452. C , 2013.
a imi a e e and iao a en "M M comm nication in PP T T A net or[5] Gh v , F y z h, Hs -Hw Ch . 2 u s 3G L E/L E- w ks:
Arc itect re er ice re irement c allen e and application "h u s, s v qu s, h g s, s.
omm nication r e
IEEE C u s Su v ys &
T torial
u s no17, . 2 (2015): 525-549.
Araniti i eppe la dia ampolo Ma imo ondol ci Antonio era and Antonella Molinaro " T[6] , G us , C u C , ss C u , I , . L E
or e ic lar net or in a r e "f v h u w k g: su v y.
comm nication ma a ine
IEEE u s g z no51, . 5 (2013): 148-157.
ee in oon Teon ee a onat an oo and Ale e inel " ecent ad ance in radio[7] L , Y g L g, g Ch Chu h, J h L , x y V . R v s
re o rce mana ement or etero eneo T T A net or "s u g f h g us L E/L E- w ks.
omm nication r e
IEEE C u s Su v ys &
T torial
u s no16, . 4 (2014): 2142-2180.
ao in Maode Ma i i e an and en in o "A r e on ec rit a pect or T and[8] C , J , , Hu L , Yu yu Zh g, Zh x g Lu . su v y s u y s s f L E
T A net or "L E- w ks.
omm nication r e T torial
IEEE C u s Su v ys & u s no16, . 1 (2014): 283-302.
an in on i an on n en in i and eon im " e to ard net or[9] W g, J , Zh gq Zh g, Y gju R , B L , J g-Uk K . Issu s w w ks
arc itect re ec rit or T and T A net or "h u s u y f L E L E- w ks.
nternational o rnal o ec rit and it
I
j u f S u y s
Applications no8, . 4 (2014): 17-24.
an iao and ian in an "A t entication ando er and pri ac protection in etnet[10] Du , X yu, X b W g. u h h v v y 5G h s
in o t are de ined net or in "us g s f w - f w k g.
omm nication Ma a ine
IEEE C u s g z no53, . 4 (2015): 28-35.

10T A TWIRELESS NE WORK ND SECURI Y
Anmin ian e on ai i on an an and in an "A pri ac pre er in ro p[11] Fu, , J y S g, Shu L , G gxu Zh g, Yuq g Zh g. v y s v g g u‐
a t entication protocol or mac ine t pe comm nication in T T A net or "u h f h y u L E/L E w ks.‐ ‐
ec rit and
S u y
omm nication et or
C u N w ks no9, . 13 (2016): 2002-2014.
ia Min ai i ia an en en an and At ana io a ila o "M ltimedia[12] J u, g-K , Sh h-Ch Hu g, J q-N g Hw g, h s s V. V s k s. u
er ice in clo d a ed e ic lar net or "s v s u -b s v h u w ks.
ntelli ent Tran portation tem Ma a ine
IEEE I g s
Sys s g z no7, . 3
(2015): 62-79.