Wireless Networking: Components, Mixers, and Spread Spectrum Transmission

This article discusses the components of radio systems, including transmitters and receivers, and the different types of mixers like analog, digital, and powered mixers. It also covers spread spectrum transmission and its different techniques. The article evaluates the strengths and weaknesses of different wireless technologies like Wi-Fi, WiMAX, and GI FI. The article also talks about the commonly used antenna types.

Running head: WIRELESS NETWORKING
Wireless Networking
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Note

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Table of Contents
Answer 1..............................................................................................................................2
Answer 2..............................................................................................................................3
2.1. Components of Radio System..................................................................................3
2.1.1. Transmitter.........................................................................................................3
2.1.2. Receiver.............................................................................................................4
2.2. Mixers.......................................................................................................................4
2.2.1. Analog Mixers...................................................................................................4
2.2.2. Digital Mixers....................................................................................................5
2.2.3. Powered Mixers.................................................................................................6
Answer 3..............................................................................................................................6
References..........................................................................................................................17

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Answer 1
The spread spectrum transmission is generally used for transmission of the radio or
telecommunication signals. Spread spectrum is a type of wireless communication where the
transmitted signal is varied deliberately. In this technology, a signal is generally transmitted on a
bandwidth that is larger in size in accordance to the original message or signal. One distinctive
feature of spread spectrum is that the transmitted signal is much higher than the signal that uses
conventional modulation method (Stüber, 2017). Therefore, spread spectrum finds its application
in many different systems such as military system, positioning system, cellular radio and
Wireless LAN. There are various spread spectrum technique such as direct sequence, frequency
hopping and multi carrier. The spread spectrum transmission is mainly used in radio transmission
where the bandwidth occupancy of the signal is considerably higher in comparison (Torrieri,
2015). Out of the three techniques of spread spectrum transmission, two most commonly used
method of comparison are direct sequence spread spectrum and frequency hopping spread
spectrum. The differences between these two techniques are as follows-
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum or FHSS
makes use of a radio carrier that hops from one
frequency to another in a known pattern
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum or DSSS makes
use of a carrier that generally remains fixed in a
specific frequency band (Xuan Quyen, Van Yem &
Manh Hoang, 2013).
In FHSS, the frequency is randomized While in DHSS, frequency is generally kept
constant.
Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum generally has
a limited throughput that ranges up to 2-3 Mbs
Direct Sequence Spread spectrum generally has a
much higher throughput in comparison to

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@2.4 GHZ. Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum.
FHSS however, is less sensitive to Bluetooth
interface but has certain security issues associated
with it.
Although the bandwidth deficiency decreases,
DSSS is known for its reliability, integrity and
security.
Answer 2
2.1. Components of Radio System
The two main component of a radio system is radio transmitter and a radio receiver.
These two major components are associated with several sub components.
2.1.1. Transmitter
The transmitter is a major component of a radio system. The different sub components of
a transmitter are the power supply, the oscillator, the modulator, the amplifier and the antenna.
Figure 1: Sub Components of a Transmitter
(Source: Pandit & Singh, 2017)

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2.1.2. Receiver
Receiver is another major component of radio system. The sub components of the
receiver are antenna, RF amplifier, Tuner, detector and audio amplifier.
Figure 2: Radio Receiver Sub Components
(Source: Pandit & Singh, 2017)
2.2. Mixers
Mixer can be defined as a central component of any music system and has a large
influence on the output of the entire system. The mixers help in arranging multiple input of a
audio signal in a particular balance. The three different types of mixers are analog mixers, digital
mixers and the powdered mixers. The different types of mixers are elaborated in the following
section-
2.2.1. Analog Mixers
Analog mixer is one the basic mixer that can be implemented in a much lower cost. Since
the functionalities of analog mixer are very basic it can be easily operated by the first time users.
It is generally used to adjust and modify the volume and the tone of input signal.

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Figure 3: Representing an Analog Mixer
(Source: Yamaha, 2018)
2.2.2. Digital Mixers
Digital Mixers are mainly used to process the input of the audio signal and in adjusting
the volume and tone of the digital signal processing technology. The setting of the digital mixer
is pre programmed and can be recalled when it is necessary (Cartwright, Pardo & Reiss, 2014,).
Figure 4: Representing a digital Mixer
(Source: Yamaha, 2018)

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2.2.3. Powered Mixers
The powered mixer is a modified version of analog mixer that consists of a built in
amplifier. The powered mixer makes the operation of mixers even more convenient. With the
help of powered mixers, sound can be played by directly connecting the mixer with the speaker.
Figure 5: Representing a Powered Mixer
(Source: Yamaha, 2018)
Answer 3

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The major strength of WIFI technology is that, it helps in developing a communication
medium for connecting different electronic devices. However, the major weakness associated
with the WIFI technology is that data can be transferred among the devices, which are in close
proximity.

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The major strength of wireless communication is that it allows users from any parts of the
world to remain connected with each other. However, it is somewhat costly to implement, which
is its major weakness.

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It is one of the easiest methods of file sharing. However, the connection set by the
Bluetooth is not a secure connection and the data transfer rate is very slow.

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The high speed data transfer in Wi Max is a main advantage of Wi Max. The weakness of
Wi Max technology is that it is very costly to implement.

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The main advantage of the GI FI technology is that data can be transferred at a very high
stage. However, the GI FI is a new technology and more research is necessary in this field in
order to implement this technology. The weakness of GIFI is that it is somewhat complex to
implement.

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The most commonly used antenna types are yagi, horn and cellular antenna.

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GI FI is the most recent wireless technology and is expected to become a dominant player
in future. This is possible because of its high speed data transfer rate. This is chosen as a
dominant player by evaluating the strength and weakness of the other recent wireless
technologies. Among antennas, cellular antenna is expected to remain dominant.

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References
Banerji, S., & Chowdhury, R. S. (2013). Wi-Fi & WiMAX: A Comparative Study. arXiv
preprint arXiv:1302.2247.
Cartwright, M., Pardo, B., & Reiss, J. (2014, February). Mixploration: Rethinking the audio
mixer interface. In Proceedings of the 19th international conference on Intelligent User
Interfaces (pp. 365-370). ACM.
Dannemann, F., & Jetzschmann, M. (2016). Technology-driven design of a scalable small
satellite platform. In Proceedings of 4S Symposium 2016.
Gomez, C., Oller, J., & Paradells, J. (2012). Overview and evaluation of bluetooth low energy:
An emerging low-power wireless technology. Sensors, 12(9), 11734-11753.
Mixer types | PA Beginners Guide | Self Training | Training & Support | Yamaha.
(2018). Yamahaproaudio.com. Retrieved 5 April 2018, from
http://www.yamahaproaudio.com/global/en/training_support/selftraining/
pa_guide_beginner/mixer/
More, S., & Mishra, D. K. (2012, November). 4G revolution: WiMAX technology. In Internet
(AH-ICI), 2012 Third Asian Himalayas International Conference on (pp. 1-4). IEEE.
Pandit, S., & Singh, G. (2017). An overview of spectrum sharing techniques in cognitive radio
communication system. Wireless Networks, 23(2), 497-518.
Pyattaev, A., Johnsson, K., Andreev, S., & Koucheryavy, Y. (2013, April). 3GPP LTE traffic
offloading onto WiFi direct. In Wireless Communications and Networking Conference
Workshops (WCNCW), 2013 IEEE (pp. 135-140). IEEE.

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Reddy, J. S. K. (2013). Gi-Fi Technology. International Journal of Advanced Scientific and
Technical Resear, 3(1), 75-87.
Stüber, G. L. (2017). Principles of mobile communication (Vol. 3). Springer.
Torrieri, D. (2015). Principles of spread-spectrum communication systems. Springer.
Xuan Quyen, N., Van Yem, V., & Manh Hoang, T. (2013). A chaos-based secure direct-
sequence/spread-spectrum communication system. In Abstract and applied analysis (Vol.
2013). Hindawi.