Wireless Networking Concepts

This document discusses the concepts of wireless networking, including cell splitting, frequency reuse, conveying power, scalability, grade of service, and cost. It also provides design proposals for cells with small and large radii in metropolitan and rural areas. The document includes references for further reading.

Running head: WIRELESS NETWORKING CONCEPTS 1
Wireless Networking
Student’s Name
Institutional Affiliation

WIRELESS NETWORKING CONCEPTS 2
Question 1.
Cell Splitting is the practice of sub-dividing a overcrowded cell into inconsequential cells, all
with their separate base position and a compatible drop in aerial size/height and transmission
power. This swells the size of a cellular structure as it strengthens the number of times that
channels are used over and over again (Obaidat & Misra, 2017).
In the figure below, zone attended by A is assumed to be flooded with traffic. New base
positions are subsequently required in the area to gush the number of channels in the region and
to reduce the region served by the lone base station. To be exact, A is confined by six new
microcells; B, C, D, E, F and G (Zheng & Jamalipour, 2019).
Figure 1: Cell Splitting
Question 2.

WIRELESS NETWORKING CONCEPTS 3
N=12 BW =30 MHz R=2 km
Control channels per cell=10 no of users per channel=8
(i).
Reuse distance , D= √ ( 3 N )∗R
¿ √ ( 3∗12 )∗2=12 km
(ii).
Simplest channel=25 kHZ
Channel bandwidth=25∗2=50 kHz
No of channels per cell= 30000
50 − ( 10∗12 )=480 channels
But all channels are multiplexed amongst 8 operators, therefore the number of concurrent calls
supported per cell is
¿ 480
12 ∗8=320 calls per cell .
(iii)
Average number of call request per hour =60
1hour=3600sec
ƛ= 60
3600 = 1
60 requests per sec
Average duration of a call =5% of hour Norris, (2019).

WIRELESS NETWORKING CONCEPTS 4
¿ 5
100∗3600=180 seconds=H
A=ƛH = 180∗1
60 =3 Erlangs
Question 3.
(1). Design Proposal.
Figure 2: Edge-excited cell Figure 3: Center-excited cell
(i). Cells with small radius.
The scheme would be as shown in figure 2. The minor cell radius designates high population in
the area consequently the need for high capacity.e.g metropolitan area. Base stations are located
at the three of the six cell highpoints (edge-excited cells) with sectoral antennas for concentrated
capacity. With this system, cell splitting can be accomplished with increasing plea to gush the
capacity. Also low power is essential for transmission reducing the co-channel interference
owing to high frequency reuse. For that reason, the best system for cosmopolitan areas
Christensen, (2016).
(ii). Cells with large radius.

WIRELESS NETWORKING CONCEPTS 5
The system would be as shown in figure 3. The bigger cell radius describes lower population in
the area transforming to low capacity. Base stations are located in the middle of the cell (center-
excited cells) with omnidirectional antennas for intense coverage. High power is vital for
transmission due to long distances tangled. Co-channel interfering is insignificant here as base
stations are further away from one another and also the frequency reuse is insignificant. For that
reason, cells with large radius is considered the best system for rural areas or even parts of sub-
urban areas Christensen, (2016).
(2). Reasons for the Design
i. Frequency reuse: Frequency reprocess in metropolitan region is high likened to sub-urban
or rural regions due to high plea for volume (Hardjono & Dondeti, 2015).
ii. Conveying power: Metropolitan regions have low communication power owing to
presence of many base locations in the region, which aids to avert co-channel meddling
Anand, (2017). Rural regions have limited base stations therefore conveys at a higher
power to guarantee coverage.
iii. Scalability: With growing demand for volume, its calmer to add more base
stations/elements on the structure without essentially distressing the prevailing base
stations/service (Anjum & Mouchtaris, 2017).
iv. Grade of Service: The grade of service is greatly enhanced with sectoral directional or
omnidirectional tentacles likened to isotropic aerials Hill, (2014).
v. Cost: The execution and upkeep cost is negligible for the cellular system.

WIRELESS NETWORKING CONCEPTS 6
Reference
Anand, K. (2017). Networking concepts and NetWare. Bombay: Himalaya Pub. House.
Anjum, F., & Mouchtaris, P. (2017). Security for wireless ad hoc networks. Hoboken,
N.J: Wiley-Interscience.
Christensen, G. (2016). Wireless intelligent networking. Boston, MA: Artech House.
Hardjono, T., & Dondeti, L. R. (2015). Security in wireless LANs and MANs. Boston:
Artech House.
Hill, B. (2014). Cisco: The complete reference. New York: McGraw Hill/Osborne.
Obaidat, M. S., & Misra, S. (2017). Cooperative networking. Chichester, West Sussex,
U.K: Wiley.
Norris, M. (2019). Understanding networking technology: Concepts, terms, and trends.
Boston: Artech House.
Zheng, J., & Jamalipour, A. (2019). Wireless sensor networks: A networking perspective.
Piscataway, NJ: IEEE.

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