Wireless Networking Concepts

This study material covers the concepts of spread spectrum techniques, radio system components, and advanced wireless technologies. It also includes a comparison of DSSS and FHSS, and a list of strengths and weaknesses of advanced technologies.

Running head: WIRELESS NETWORKING CONCEPTS
Wireless Networking Concepts
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author’s Note:

1
WIRELESS NETWORKING CONCEPTS
Table of Contents
Question 1..................................................................................................................................2
Question 2..................................................................................................................................3
Question 3..................................................................................................................................7
References................................................................................................................................10

2
WIRELESS NETWORKING CONCEPTS
Question 1
Utilization of spread spectrum.
The techniques of spread spectrum are several methods through which any specific
signal that is being generated with the bandwidth, is solely spread within the domain of
frequency, thus resulting into a signal with broad bandwidth. The techniques of spread
spectrum are eventually utilized for various reasons (Torrieri, 2015). The most significant
uses of the spread spectrum mainly include the incrementing resistance to the natural
interference, jamming or noise, establishing secured communications, preventing detection
and thus limiting the power flux density.
Comparison and contrast of DSSS and FHSS
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum or DSSS and the Frequency Hopping Spread
Spectrum are the two most common methods of spread spectrum. The comparison as well as
contrast of these two techniques is given below:
Direct Sequence Spread Spectrum Frequency Hopping Spread Spectrum
1. DSSS is the PN sequence of the larger
bandwidth multiplied by the narrow band
information signal (Swamy et al., 2013).
1. FHSS is the data bit transmitted in various
slots of frequency that are altered by the PN
sequence.
2. DSSS spreads the information by simply
introducing the pseudo random noise to the signal
for changing its phase anytime.
2. FHSS, on the other hand, divides the large
bandwidth to small channels, which would easily
fit the data. The signal is then sent to a separate
signal.
3. DSSS alters the phase. 3. FHSS alters the frequency that is being utilized
(Swamy et al., 2013).
4. DSS is utilized in the positioning systems. 4. FHSS cannot be utilized in positioning

3
WIRELESS NETWORKING CONCEPTS
systems.
Question 2
Different Components of Radio System
There are two important components in a typical radio system. They are the radio
transmitters and radio receivers. Both the transmitter and the receiver comprises of various
sub parts (Connaughton et al., 2013). The components of radio transmitter are as follows:
i) Power Supply: The power supply is responsible for providing the required electrical
power so that the transmitter can operate.
ii) Oscillator: This is the second component and it helps in creating alternating current
at frequency where the transmitter can does its work. It generates sine wave that is called as
the carrier wave.
iii) Modulator: This is the third component and it adds necessary information to the
carrier waves. Two ways are present for this. One is the amplitude modulation or AM that
helps to increase or decrease the carrier wave’s intensity and the second is the FM or
frequency modulation that helps in the increasing an decreasing of the carrier wave’s
frequency (Popleteev, 2013).
iv) Amplifier: It amplifies any carrier wave that is modulated for increasing the
power.
v) Antenna: Antenna converts amplified signal into radio waves.

4
WIRELESS NETWORKING CONCEPTS
Figure 1: Components of Radio Transmitter
(Source: Connaughton et al., 2013)
The various components of radio receivers are given below:
i) Antenna: It captures the radio waves for inducing current.
ii) RF Amplifier: It amplifies the weakest radio frequency signal or RF from antenna
for processing by tuner.
iii) Tuner: It is a circuit, which extracts signals of any specific frequency from the
mixture of signals of several frequencies (Popleteev, 2013).
iv) Detector: It helps to separate audio information from carrier wave.
v) Audio Amplifier: It amplifies the weak signals within the detector.

5
WIRELESS NETWORKING CONCEPTS
Figure 2: Components of Radio Receiver
(Source: Popleteev, 2013)
Three types of mixers are present in a radio signal. They are as follows:
i) Analog Mixer
ii) Digital Mixer
iii) Power Mixer
i) Analog Mixer: The particular mixer of radio signal that has the ability to control the
analog signals is known as analog mixer (Connaughton et al., 2013).
Figure 3: Analog Mixer
(Source: Popleteev, 2013)
ii) Digital Mixer: The particular mixer of radio signal that has the ability to control
the digital signals is known as digital mixer.

6
WIRELESS NETWORKING CONCEPTS
Figure 4: Digital Mixer
(Source: Connaughton et al., 2013)
iii) Powered Mixer: This is an analog mixer that has in-built power amplifier within
it. Thus, sound could be played directly with mixer.
Figure 5: Powered Mixer
(Source: Popleteev, 2013)

7
WIRELESS NETWORKING CONCEPTS
Question 3
Slide 1: Title Slide
Slide 2: List of Recent Advanced Wireless Technologies

8
WIRELESS NETWORKING CONCEPTS
Slide 3: Strengths and Weaknesses of Advanced Technologies
Slide 4: Dominant Player in Future

9
WIRELESS NETWORKING CONCEPTS
Slide 5: References
Slide 6: Thank You Slide

10
WIRELESS NETWORKING CONCEPTS
References
Connaughton, V., Briggs, M. S., Xiong, S., Dwyer, J. R., Hutchins, M. L., Grove, J. E., ... &
McBreen, S. (2013). Radio signals from electron beams in terrestrial gamma ray
flashes. Journal of Geophysical Research: Space Physics, 118(5), 2313-2320.
Popleteev, A. (2013, September). Device-free indoor localization using ambient radio signals.
In Proceedings of the 2013 ACM conference on Pervasive and ubiquitous computing
adjunct publication (pp. 549-552). ACM.
Swamy, M. K., Deepthi, M., Mounika, V., & Saranya, R. N. (2013). Performance analysis of
DSSS and FHSS techniques over AWGN channel. Development (IJECIERD), 3(2), 7-
14.
Torrieri, D. (2015). Principles of spread-spectrum communication systems. Springer.