WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK FERTILIZER MONITORING SYSTEM

Running Head: WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORKS MONITORING SYSTEM 1
PhD Research and Thesis
To identify the factors that can facilitate the development of a framework that uses the
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) for monitoring the quality of fertilizer in the supply
chain in Tanzania
Student
Date

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK FERTILIZER MONITORING SYSTEM 2
Abstract
This report explains various factors which have been considered to determine the
development process of the framework that uses Wireless Sensor Networks in determining the
quality of fertilizers in Tanzania. The research aims at identifying methods that use wireless
sensor networks (WSNs) to monitor the quality of the fertilizers on every stage of supply chain
management. Another idea drawn from the case study is to find ways in which Framework can
be developed to provide an automated environment in which the quality of fertilizers can be
monitored before the supply process is completed. (Sohn, 2005)
Tanzania Fertilizer Regulatory Authority (TFRA) is a body in Tanzania responsible for
ensuring that the fertilizers supplied in the country are of high quality and does not contain much
of its acidity. The body will rely on the research report to come up with a system framework
which will help them to ensure that high quality fertilizers are supplied into the country. (Qi,
Shen and Dou, 2017)
In supply chain management, there are so many activities to flow. Hence, it is not that
easy but complex to understand. The system, requires an automated system which will help
reduce the complexity and make the change management to become easier for the industry
managers to perform their tasks. TFRA will use this report to re-engineer its system of the supply
chain management process by implementing a Wireless Sensor Networks system that will help in
checking the quality of fertilizers. ("Arduino Official Store | Boards Shields Kits Accessories",
n.d.)
The report will provide a literature review to enhance the implementation of the Wireless
Sensor Network management tool to help in the monetization of quality fertilizers until the last

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK FERTILIZER MONITORING SYSTEM 3
stage of supply chain management. (Sorensen, Skouby and Jefferies, n.d.). The research has been
done based on various documentaries and the information has been obtained from different
sources including the written documents, similar working systems and the results based on
experimental setups on a similar topic. ("Arduino Starter Kit Multi-language | Arduino Official
Store", n.d.)

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK FERTILIZER MONITORING SYSTEM 4
Contents
Abstract.......................................................................................................................................................2
Introduction.................................................................................................................................................5
Aims and objectives.....................................................................................................................................5
Research Questions.....................................................................................................................................6
The importance of the research..................................................................................................................7
The proposed solution.................................................................................................................................8
Wireless Sensor Network Overview............................................................................................................8
Literature Review......................................................................................................................................10
The Wireless Technologies used by TFRA in the Supply Chain...........................................................11
System Frameworks for monitoring of fertilizers by TFRA........................................................................12
Research and Methodology design...........................................................................................................14
The quality of fertilizer..............................................................................................................................15
Research Methodology..............................................................................................................................15
Methods of data collection........................................................................................................................16
Results and Discussion...............................................................................................................................18
Problem Identification...............................................................................................................................18
Objectives of problem identification.........................................................................................................19
The management information system......................................................................................................19
Stakeholders and stakeholder management.............................................................................................20
Processes in the Supply Chain...................................................................................................................21
System monitoring and evaluation............................................................................................................22
Strategical Evaluation................................................................................................................................23
Conclusion and Recommendations...........................................................................................................25
Recommendations.....................................................................................................................................25
Conclusion.................................................................................................................................................26
References.................................................................................................................................................28

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK FERTILIZER MONITORING SYSTEM 5
Introduction
Supply Chain Management is a business process that involves different kinds of business
process models and function in order to be achieved. (Zhang, 2011). It implies that the
participants exercise different roles and procedures so that they can achieve supply chain
management. In every business being carried out, there are measures in which every product or a
service a company is offering has to be followed while undertaking procurement processes.
(Oosterom, Zlatanova and Fendel, 2005)
This report describes the methods in which they can be applied to develop the
framework. The framework must be a business intelligence system that uses sensors to determine
the grade of the fertilizers by detecting some of its components using sensor technologies. The
system will be able to identify some certain impurities present in the fertilizers. (Iskander, Kapila
and Karim, 2010)
The report will help the reader to understand the problem statement inside the TFRA, the
solution identified for the same problem, the methodology that will be used as an approach and
the implementation techniques used to perform the research process. (Papajorgji and Pardalos,
2014)
Aims and objectives
The following are the main aims why the system framework and this research was carried
out include; (Laet and Schauwers, 2005).
The main objective of this report is to design and develop a system that will help in
monitoring the quality of fertilizers in supply chain management in Tanzania. (Anibere &
Egbokhare, 2007)

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK FERTILIZER MONITORING SYSTEM 6
Also there is a specific objective of why this research is being carried out. The specific
objectives why this case study report was done include the following; (Quandt, 2002)
1. To develop a system that automates the processes in which fertilizers are being tested so
that fast delivery of services is achieved
2. To reduce the cost of recruiting so many employees to perform the manual test while
checking the validity of fertilizers in Tanzania.
3. To come up with a Wireless Sensor Networks which will help to automate the
monetization of fertilizers in Tanzania by TFRA
4. To determine the reliability and the performance of the prototype which was developed.
Research Questions
During the development process, a number of questions had to be researched so as to
allow the researcher to understand what is needed for the project to be implemented without fail.
The following are the research questions that the researcher had to perform during the case study.
(Xiang, n.d.)
1) What are the factors that might facilitate the development of a framework that uses the
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) for monitoring quality of fertilizer in the supply chain
in Tanzania?
2) How is the Framework going to be implemented in the supply chain? How are they
connected with other systems as they must be integrated together for smooth working
within the technology environment? Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) will be used for
monitoring quality of fertilizer in the supply chain be developed? ("Arduino CNC : 8
Steps (with Pictures) - Instructables", n.d.)

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK FERTILIZER MONITORING SYSTEM 7
3) How can Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) based prototype for monitoring the quality
of fertilizers be developed as per the developed framework?
4) What is the performance of the developed prototype? (Joe, 2009)
The importance of the research
The research will help TFRA industry to have a technology solution that can be used
during the fertilizer inspection process. The quality of the fertilizer will be checked through a
wireless sensor technology where the system will scan some of the major components present in
fertilizers. The components include; fertilizer PH, the nutrients present and the date of expiry of
fertilizer. (Al-Qadi and Murrell, 2011)
TFRA in Tanzania currently uses the information available on the bags used for storing
fertilizers to check on the quality of fertilizers. The information obtains through this method of
fertilizer quality testing may give incorrect information. (Ren & Du, n.d.). This report clearly
explains the problem and provide ways in which the solution will be achieved. Framework
methodology procedures in which the technology solution can be implemented. The solution that
is using wireless sensor networks to test the quality of fertilizers by checking on the presences
and the state of various fertilizer components such as the PH, nutrients and the moisture content.
This report will help the researcher to provide a step by step guidelines to be used during
the implementation stage of the project. (Li & Zhao, 2010). The report provides pieces of
evidence of all the existing projects that have been accomplished and are working. The
framework is clearly designed on the flow layout of the real system.

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK FERTILIZER MONITORING SYSTEM 8
The proposed solution
The case study discusses mainly the proposed solution which is the application program
in which the fertilizer quality can be tested using the system that use the wireless sensor
networks to screen check on the quality of the fertilizers. The system will be used by the relevant
body in Tanzania called TFRA. The body helps in the regulation and ensuring that quality
fertilizers are supplied into the country. There work is to implement policies. (Li & Chen, 2012).
The System is going to be used to test the quality of fertilizers in supply chain
management. The system uses wireless sensor technologies and other related technologies. The
system will help in making the work of the quality personnel easier and the management will
become easier. (Kweon, n.d.).
The system will keep track of the fertilizers from the import period until the fertilizers are
received. (Alsanius, Jensen & Asp, 2004). The fertilizers that are fed into the system will
generate an automatic code and the code is printed on the bags such that as soon as the fertilizers
are delivered, they are scanned to check for its validity and the originality of those fertilizers.
The system will be integrated with the scanners so that they can be used in the retrieval process
of the supplied fertilizers. (Ahmad & Mahdi, 2019). The wireless systems will help to scan
nutrients available, PH levels and the moisture content of the fertilizers.
Wireless Sensor Network Overview
Wireless sensor Network is a project designed to help the Supply chain in Tanzania to
offer the best services in supplying the best quality fertilizers across the country. The application
uses the sensor detectors together with software application designed to read the codes provided
and test all the parameters that are required to be consisted by the high quality fertilizers within
the fertilizer content. The application comprises of various different components ranging from

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK FERTILIZER MONITORING SYSTEM 9
the software application and the hardware requirements. The application is an internet based
application that request the use of internet to transmit data and produce results.
The devices used to host this application must be IoT devices and can be able to access
internet services. The data scanned using the scanners and sensor detectors are transmitted into
the system database management for storage and retrieval processes. Sensors uses scanners and
parameter checkers to check on the quality of fertilizers.
The application auto generate data and recorded them using a centralized system database
management system. TFRA will only generate the data which has already been stored by the
supply to confirm if they are actually the supplied products from the manufacturer. TFRA will
have a repository database management system where all the data will be stored so that they can
be retrieved in a very easy way. (Park, & Shim, 2003).
The application is set to communicate together with the scanners so that the sensors can
be able to detect all the parameters that are needed for quality fertilizers. The wireless sensor
network requires internet connection so as to be able to fully perform its tasks. Infrared signals
will be used to together with the sensors for fertilizer detection. The sensors are programmed to
ensure that the content which is required from the fertilizer is detected proactively by the system.

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK FERTILIZER MONITORING SYSTEM 10
Literature Review
Development team who is concern about this project will carry out more research to
make sure that the best project ever is achieved so that it can help in ensuring that quality grade
fertilizers are distributed all over the country. The researchers have make references to many
different documentaries which are related to the topic that rely on sensor technologies. Articles
have been search online to ensure that the ideas are obtain to help in the implementation of this
project. The system is known to be programmed such that it can make use of the artificial
intelligence techniques to enhance the system to learn the previous behavior of fertilizers.
The current system have been studied and the necessary solutions have been undertaken
to ensure that the new system will be more advance like the already existing system which is
done manually by observing at the labels which have been marked on the bags of those
fertilizers. This does not provide the most accurate results as it can be forged by the
manufacturers. (Park, & Shim, 2003).
TFRA has been in the work ever since and for this case it has been experiencing hard
times as the old system have been too difficult to carry out. So many documents have been stored
to recommend the establishment of a new and improved system. Therefore, benchmarking have
been done so that the project team could be able to understand how the system works and what
the impacts are the system on the organization.

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK FERTILIZER MONITORING SYSTEM 11
The Wireless Technologies used by TFRA in the Supply Chain
The use of Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) and WSNs are two significant remote
advancements that have a wide measures of using artificial intelligence in the observation of
items for Supply chain. Regardless, Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) is a remote
innovation that takes into account robotized remote distinguishing proof of articles. An RFID
framework utilizes remote radio signal processing innovation to exceptionally distinguish the
labeled items. The RFID is applied broadly in store network following, retail stock
administration, stopping access control, library book following, long distance traders races,
carriers, electronic security keys, cost budgets, burglary counteraction, and social insurance
(Kiran and Shukla 2013). When RFID labels are connected to physical items they empower
those articles to distinguish themselves to RFID readers using radio recurrence correspondence
(Ahmed et al., 2015). Hence, in spite of the fact that RFID innovation has been utilized in
various items in the supply chains, it isn't appropriate for checking quality in the supply chain
network as it can just distinguish and recognize data installed in a tag.
On the other hand, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) includes moderately economical
sensor hubs equipped for gathering, handling, putting away and moving data starting with one
hub then onto the next that can be sent in wide applications (Nikila et al, 2016).
To be sincere, WSNs sense the nature of the fertilizers and forward information to a
server located particular site, at that point a centralized server is used to store all the data that
generally is far away from the information source. Sensor vitality can't give long range
correspondence to arrive at the server because of the constrained vitality of sensor, henceforth
multi-bounce remote network is required to advance information to and from remote servers
(Kiran and Shukla 2013). Along these lines, WSNs can be utilized in the manure inventory

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK FERTILIZER MONITORING SYSTEM 12
network system to screen the fertilizer quality because of the way that the sensors can detect
parameters which characterize the state of manure or condition.
A system structure is an expansive review, plot, it fills in as a guide that can be changed
as required by including or evacuating things. In addition, it very well may be utilized to
integrate a lot of discrete items/parts, for example, a lot of capacities inside a framework into
something increasingly valuable (Meiappane et al., 2012). Thusly, the system for checking
nature of manure can be used as a manual to build up a valuable answer for observing the nature
of fertilizer in the fertilizer production system.
System Frameworks for monitoring of fertilizers by TFRA
A few researchers have endeavored to propose systems for observing compost in the
store network. Nonetheless, the greater part of these structures is intended for creating
frameworks which do exclude quality data observing segment. For example, there is a structure
created and actualized in India for online manure checking in the inventory network. In spite of
the fact that it tends to be gotten to and utilized by all partners to follow item and compost
accessibility data progressively to area level it can't report the manure quality data (Kumar J,
(2013).
In the manner that there is a system structure proposed by Shao (2014) that uses an item
check framework to confirm the fertilizer quality at the conveyance purpose of the inventory
supply chain. In this proposed system, a farmer scratches a mystery code which is fastened
together to the manure supply bags, at that point it is send to scratch mystery code for the
confirmation server through SMS. Thusly, this system organization has a few disadvantages, first
it checks the bundle not an item, second, it confirms in the wake of landing at the goal and

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK FERTILIZER MONITORING SYSTEM 13
obtained by a farmer. Subsequently the framework isn't fit to recognize the quality of the issue
inside the inventory network.
Contrasted with recently referenced structures which utilize some sort of innovations, in
Tanzania there is no innovation based instrument used to check quality in compost inventory
network (Shao, 2014). Actually, most manures are imported in mass and stowed on the quay or
shipside at Dar es Salaam port by Private organizations, it is now where the examples are
gathered for quality testing at Laboratory. From that point forward, the manure is moved to the
distributer stockrooms before it is appropriated to retailer stores (Wanzala et al, 2009). As
appeared in figure 1 beneath, the check of compost quality in distribution centers is directed by
visual methods and no confirmation is done in other SC stages/pints (IFDC, 2012).
As previously mentioned there is no innovation based device used to check quality in the
supply chain of fertilizer in Tanzania, and the present practices utilized by the network and
Various Export
Companies like
Sugar, tea
Small scale farmers and
the maximum prices of
fertilizers
Subsidized fertilizers
to the Tanzanian
citizens
Supply to the out
growers such as
plantation farmers
Retailers and suppliers
PRIVATE IMPORTERS
Fertilizer Distributors
The fertilizers are
tested in the
laboratory and the
certificate is offered
Certifying after
inspection by
TFRA
No quality
certifying
No quality
certifying

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK FERTILIZER MONITORING SYSTEM 14
administrative specialists to confirm manure credibility that have numerous downsides (Shao,
2014). The practices and their downsides have appeared in the table beneath:
Serial
Number
Existing system Problems and Limitations
1 The expiration dates labelled on the bags
are used to determine the quality of
fertilizers by TFRA
There is a high level of illiteracy
among the community as the
expiration dates can easily be forged
by the manufacturers or the
suppliers.
2 TFRA uses the difference in the prices of
the agro inputs to determine the quality of
fertilizers. This may give a wrong image on
the quality of fertilizers as the
manufacturers may just hike the price so
that they may win customers.
The sources on the prices may be
edited by the suppliers so that the
farmers can be lured or TFRA can
ge lured by just checking on the
labeled prices.
3 TFRA also observes labels used and the
designed style of the packaging materials
The packaging metrics can easily be
copied and used to imitate the real
manufacturer labelled and
packaging materials
Research and Methodology design
As indicated by Hevner and Chatterjee (2015), Design Science Research in Information
Systems (DSRIS) includes the development of a wide scope of socio-specialized ancient rarities,
for example, choice emotionally supportive networks, displaying instruments, and administration
techniques, strategies for developing system frameworks improvement and assessment, and
framework change mediations.

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK FERTILIZER MONITORING SYSTEM 15
Besides, Vaishnavi and Kuechler (2015) clarify that for leading applicable plan science
inquire about in data frameworks, the Design Science Research Methodology (DSRM) must be
utilized. Subsequently in the DSRM, the blend of subjective and quantitative research strategies
is utilized to control the general research process.
The quality of fertilizer
Fertilizer is a substance, (for example, excrement or a synthetic blend) that is added to
soil to make soil progressively rich. The fertilizers are more likely than not acknowledged
quality levels to bring the normal benefit. As per Yara (n.d) report, the nature of manure is
controlled by its mass thickness, the supplement content, its dampness substance, and the
molecule quality and molecule size appropriation.
What's more, as per Sanabria et al, (2013), supplement content, physical properties and
capacity conditions decide the nature of the manure. He keeps on clarifying that when the
fertilizers are displayed to supplement content deviation below the acknowledged range, the
"Quality" variable took the class esteem "Terrible", else it took the classification esteem "Great".
In this way, plainly if the supplement content is a significant parameter that can be utilized to
decide the nature of fertilizers.
Research Methodology
The motivation behind this research study is to design a system that empowers the
improvement and usage of Information System for observing the nature of fertilizer in inventory
network in Tanzania.
For the improvement of the structure, a Design Science Research (DSR) was utilized
which is for the most part utilized in data frameworks research to take care of Information

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK FERTILIZER MONITORING SYSTEM 16
framework related issues. DSR is appropriate in taking care of authoritative issues in the explicit
territory and is legitimate in delivering great structures. The structure science strategy has its
underlying foundations in building and the studies of the proliferation. Deign science research
can be exhibited as develops, models, systems, systems, plan standards, strategies, as well as
launches. In this examination, the six stages of DSR were utilized being developed of the system
for manure checking in the production network. From the plan science perspective, there are
contribution and change both in the social framework and in the specialized framework during
the execution of a new Information System. It was vital for the analyst to work together with
different members in numerous events, and for instance, prerequisites assortment and assessment
required connection between the scientist and members.
Methods of data collection
This examination utilized more than one strategy; the utilization of various approaches
permits triangulation which can bring more endorsement, prompting more noteworthy trust in
the discoveries. Various strategies allude to a mix of more than one information technology
techniques.
This examination utilized numerous techniques for subjective strategies in plan science
structure. Utilized techniques are abridged in the Table below;
Methods Definition
Qualitative Research The method which was used to perform the research
process is the qualitative research and are meant to help
in the design and development process of the project.
Literature Analysis Some past documents have been referred while
performing this research to ensure that the correct data
are collected to serve as the guidelines while carrying

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK FERTILIZER MONITORING SYSTEM 17
out the project.
Secondary Data The documentaries from secondary data were used in
analyzing the project constraints and strengths to help
the researcher come up with a good system.
Interviews and participant
observation
There are some working systems in the past and the
researcher will have to organize for interviews to the
relevant personnel. The data collected are recorded and
they can be analyzed to produce the required results.
Results and Discussion
Problem Identification
The Main objective of Tanzania Fertilizer Regulatory Authority (TFRA) is to guarantee
the accessibility of value fertilizers and fertilizer supplements in the nation. To accomplish this
target, TFRA utilizes Inspectors who visit the warehouses to investigate and screen the nature of
compost. (Britton & Doake, 2006). Anyway Due to absence of solid innovation for observing the
fertilizer in the stockroom and which can convey data programmed and on request, unfaithful
brokers in intrigue with shippers/merchants have been utilizing this shortcoming to offer fake
manures to farmers (ACT, 2012).
In this way, the innovation is required that will upgrade the assortment of required
Information remotely, and precisely whenever day or night. (Jackson, 1983). The innovation
ought to have the option to gather and investigate information from each stage in the supply
chain and send status data to the supply chain on-screen characters and counsel on what to be
finished. This will empower recognition of changes in compost quality for fitting measures to be
taken before conveyance to the farmers.

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK FERTILIZER MONITORING SYSTEM 18
The target of this investigation report was to build up a prototype which is used for
managing the foundation in creating and actualize an Information System that will be utilized for
observing the nature of manure in the supply chain. The system ought to likewise empower the
association to perform gradual change where enhancements think about individuals, assignments
and innovation. (Rooij, 2008).
The following are the investigative research of the idea for an illustrative reason. When
the underlying ideas built up, the related ideas are assembled, and named (to plan
classifications). At that point, the marked classes were interconnected to acquire considerable
discoveries. (Gauld, Goldfinch & Dale, n.d.).
Objectives of problem identification
The goals distinguishing proof depends on the aftereffects of the presentation meetings
and solicitations. Subsequently, destinations and necessities were gathered during the meetings,
and afterward ordered inside the system from key and useful points of view. (Sutcliffe, 1988).
During the meeting the basic elements were distinguished which were utilized being developed
of the system. (Sanes, Reh, Harris & Landgraf, n.d.)
With respect to destinations recognizable proof, the reason for existing was to increase
distinctive hierarchical points of view for the improvement and execution of the framework. The
fertilizer quality investigators product increasingly centered around specialized goals while the
executive product concentrated on the inventory network forms. (DeChampeaux, Faure & Lea,
1994)

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK FERTILIZER MONITORING SYSTEM 19
The management information system
An information System (IS) gets its incentive from the impact it has on the presentation
of an association. Al-Mashari et al. (2003) express that there must be a connection among
specialized and authoritative so as to get a handle on the advantage of data framework. Similarly
Chan and Reich (2007) contend IS change includes a certain degree of arrangement between
business procedures, human and data the executive frameworks and authoritative eagerness to
play out their work as indicated by requirements made by the arrangement. (Park, 2011)
New advancements could be coordinated into each segment of their business, including
strategic and vital plans, the executive frameworks, culture, HR, authoritative structure, current
advances and business engineering (Al-Mashari et al. 2003).
Hyötyläinen and Kalliokoski (2001) state data framework execution starts with key
arranging where the reason for existing is to find how data innovation can bolster organizations
to accomplish its targets.
Data management systems are resolved as a framework that comprises of individuals,
equipment, programming and information transmission frameworks, and which are intended to
improve, empower or ease explicit, decided exercises (Lyytinen and Newman 2008). In this
investigation specialist see that the review procedure need an astute framework that can
distinguish and report the quality parameters in genuine condition and gives data continuously to
basic leadership.
Stakeholders and stakeholder management
The investigation shows that a point of confinement number of partners and TFRA know
about the significance and advantages of utilizing ICT in checking the nature of manure.

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK FERTILIZER MONITORING SYSTEM 20
Mindfulness makes the inspirational frame of mind on the staff's tendency to receive ICT.
In manures production network in Tanzania there are three significant gatherings engaged with
the observing of nature of compost, these are Tanzania manure Regulatory Authority (TFRA),
Tanzania Bureau of Standards (TBS) and merchants (who claim stockrooms). Unmistakably
usage of the Information framework will include these gatherings; thusly it is significant they
know on how they will be a piece of it including security, the board and cost identified with it.
See Table below for information investigation that determined familiarity with ICT as
one of the variables for the reception of examination and observing innovation.
Training and Awareness of Staff and Stakeholders
Materials needed Factors to be identified
R19: Stakeholder and Staff Training on ICT use
Awareness and Pieces of
training (Mackinnon, 2013)
Exploration on how to use ICT equipment
Exposure and organization of benchmark trips
Management training and awareness of the technology
Processes in the Supply Chain
Warehouse management system is the reconciliation of key business forms from end
client through unique providers that gives items, administrations, and data that include an
incentive for clients and different partners. (Salim, 2009). By what means can organizations
accomplish inventory systems mix if there is no typical comprehension of the key business
forms? It appears that so as to construct connects between inventory systems individuals it is
important for organizations to actualize a standard arrangement of production network forms.
Progressively, the production network the executives is being perceived as the
administration of key business forms over the system of associations that involve the inventory

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK FERTILIZER MONITORING SYSTEM 21
network. (Jang & Kwon, 2011). While many have perceived the advantages of a procedure way
to deal with dealing with the business and the supply chain, most are unclear about what
procedures are to be considered, what sub-procedures and exercises are contained in each
procedure, and how the procedures cooperate with one another. (Messner, 2014).
Procedure walkthrough empowers individuals in the process to understand those
capacities and errands which are pertinent for esteem including, and for instance, programming
advancement and choice of an ERP framework both need reference process models to support
the assessment. A work process is resolved as the piece of the procedure that incorporates an
auspicious and consistent succession of exercises. (Zachmann, 1981). Data, information and
assets that are associated with the execution of this undertaking are additionally recorded. The
principle objective is in computerization; the advances between the individual exercises are
constrained by work process the board framework in the robotized procedure execution.
The processes in the supply chain
Plan and model value-adding tasks and activities in Supply
chain
Supply Chain Processes
(Park & Shim, 2003)
The selected processes are visualized and described
The designed model is evaluated by TFRA organization
(Lee & Lee, 2010).
The departments and sections which need re-engineering are
identified
The workflow of the system is visualized automatically by
the system
The renewal plan of the system processes need to be
established by TFRA
The new framework methods are tested and the errors and

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK FERTILIZER MONITORING SYSTEM 22
bugs will be identified for corrections
System monitoring and evaluation
Assessment of Information Systems is a noteworthy issue for study just as training (Irani
et al. 2015). As Information Systems has gotten progressively inescapable, mind boggling and
intelligent assessment accentuation have, to some extent, moved to worries with how and to what
degree ISs serve authoritative change (Klecun and Cornford 2015). Assessing the
accomplishment of Information Systems has been perceived as one of the most basic issues in
the IS field. A few theoretical and experimental examinations have been directed to find this
issue.
Assessment quantifies how well the first aspirations of the new framework (for example
the consistent plan set down during the investigation stage) have been accomplished.
Assessment doesn't serve to improve the framework that is being assessed; it serves to
improve the following framework to be created. (Lee & Lim, 2015)
STRATEGICAL ORGANIZATION TECHNICAL

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK FERTILIZER MONITORING SYSTEM 23
Strategical Evaluation
Prior to making another framework, the procedure is exceptionally basic for smooth
business activities and administrations. Most importantly, the firm ought to recognize their
necessities. Improvement of new data framework ought to be because of the necessities and
prerequisites whether at the degree of executing exchanges or at some mind boggling
information and bolster data framework levels. (Lee, 2017). The standardization of necessities,
objectives, and approval of the data framework ought to be done first.
To guarantee the viability of interest in IS, it needs to consolidate the organization's
arranging arrangements inside Strategic exercises.
DefineDefine
Influence
Support
Supports
Define
Goals and
Objectives
Policies and
Regulations
Staff
Awareness
Supply Chain
Processes
Information
system
Facilitate
s
Support
Require
Infrastructure
System
Evaluation
Fertilizer
Quality
Indicators
Top
Management
Define
Define
Define
Support
Influence Participate
Influence

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK FERTILIZER MONITORING SYSTEM 24
Procedure in data framework is significant as it guarantees the data framework (IS) is
deliberately situates in the association so as to achieve their objectives and addition upper hand.
(Paasivaara & Lassenius, 2012).
Vital gives an association between requests of association and most recent data
innovation. This strategy causes an association to use Information innovation to meet its
provoking prerequisites to the constant variety in the professional workplace.
As appeared in Figure 5.1 the key level contains ICT Policy and Strategy factor. (Wahlin
and Zimbelman, 2014). The level incorporates the detailing of the strategy and the techniques to
achieve the approach. (Singh, Gehlot, Singh & Choudhury, n.d.). This factor interweaves with
authoritative characteristics as it is affecting and characterizing the activities and time allotment
to execute the goals that guide the ICT reception. (SHIN, 2015).
The arrangement and procedure comprise the plans and activities to impact top
administration towards settling on choices on the selection of ICT. (Jin & Lin, n.d.). An
'Approach' is a foreordained strategy, which is built up to give a guide toward acknowledged
business systems and goals. At the end of the day, it is an immediate connection between an
association's 'Vision' and their everyday tasks. Strategies distinguish the key exercises and give a
general technique to chiefs on the best way to deal with issues as they emerge. (KONG,
2008)The scientist discovered that when the choice is authorized by top administration the
possibility of appropriation is higher and acceptable. With characterized approach and
methodology set up, top administration becomes obliged to satisfy the activity plans and targets
indicated in that. (Obrenovic, 2013)

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK FERTILIZER MONITORING SYSTEM 25
Approaches are significant in a work environment as it strengthens and explain the
guidelines expected of representatives and assist businesses with overseeing staff all the more
successfully as it characterizes what is adequate and inadmissible in the working environment.
(Jin & Lin, 2012)
The analyst investigates that the ICT arrangement and technique characterize the staff
mindfulness and Fertilizer Critical Quality Indicators Identification also. Besides, the
arrangement and procedure characterize preparing necessities, and kinds of preparing henceforth
fortifying ICT HR. (Elleithy, 2006)
Conclusion and Recommendations
Recommendations
Tanzania as a developing nation requires a system that can make the work of the
employees faster and easy tracking of the government resources. The proposed solution by the
TFRA will ensure that high quality fertilizers reached to the customers or the farmers. However,
new technologies such as this project are very expensive but in terms of product or inventory
management the system is always accurate and effective. WSNs network management program
is going to assist in the way in which high quality fertilizers are tracked by the government of
fertilizers. This is because the system will monitor the shipping processes of fertilizers from the
supply industries until it is delivered to the farmer.
The WSNs system structure will use parameters such as the moisture content in the
fertilizers, the PH levels and the amount of nutrients available within the fertilizers. As soon as
the WSNs system detect that there is a different impurity within the fertilizer content, the system

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK FERTILIZER MONITORING SYSTEM 26
will automatically reject and displayed it as low quality fertilizers. This system is suitable for
TFRA because it offers a very fast service delivery to the farmers in Tanzania
Conclusion
In conclusion, the main work of this report is to ensure that an application that uses a
wireless sensor network is developed to help in the screening of quality fertilizers that are
entering into the country. The report covers all the methodologies that will be employed in the
development process of the Wireless Sensor Network application.
The application is automated and uses sensors to detect the presence of any impurities
available within the fertilizer content. The project was designed by a team of expert software and
electrical engineers so that they can make a greater advancement in the sector of agriculture. The
project is going to help in the productivity level in all agricultural sectors in Tanzania. Also,
environmental challenges will be defaced as their will be no or minimal impurities being
discharge into the soil in Tanzania.
The wireless sensor Network system will be integrated with other management software
like the payroll system, inventory management, financial accounting software and the biometrics
employee management system so that they can be able to communicate together within the
working environment. The integration of all these application will help to create a Management
Information system whereby all the data in the organization can be stored in a centralized
location. The data will be kept very secure and will be backed up such that there shall not be any
data getting lost in the case of floods, fire outbreaks or any other natural disaster which may
hinder the data storage system.

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK FERTILIZER MONITORING SYSTEM 27

WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK FERTILIZER MONITORING SYSTEM 28
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