(PDF) Framework for female entrepreneurship in China
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Added on 2019-12-03
(PDF) Framework for female entrepreneurship in China
Added on 2019-12-03
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Women Entrepreneurship in China
TABLE OF CONTENTSSECTION A................................................................................................................................................1BUSINESS RESEARCH PROJECT TITLE:..............................................................................................1INTRODUCTION...................................................................................................................................1ECONOMY OF CHINA AND WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS..............................................................3SUCCESSFUL WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS IN CHINA....................................................................6FACTORS THAT WOMEN BECOME AN ENTREPRENEUR AT FIRST PLACE............................9ROLE OF EDUCATION IN WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP.........................................................12SECTION B..............................................................................................................................................17USEFULNESS, POTENTIAL IMPLICATIONS AND IMPACT OF WOMEN ENTREPRENEURSHIP........................................................................................................................17RESEARCH RECOMMENDATIONS.................................................................................................20REFLECTION.......................................................................................................................................21REFERENCES..........................................................................................................................................23
SECTION ABUSINESS RESEARCH PROJECT TITLE: “To what extent arewomen entrepreneurs successful in China”INTRODUCTIONIn the present condition time has been changed and many of the women’s are activelyparticipating in entrepreneurship. A significant force has been observed in entrepreneurialdevelopment all around the world and over the past two decades te rise in women ownedenterprises as assessed in terms of number of revenue generation, employment and business gasbeen astounding (Bowen and Clercq, 2008). In the current economic downturn supportingwomen entrepreneurship is undoubtedly a positive and practical move, although there are manyfemales in developing nations who are not able to receive any support or encouragement, due tothis woman are unable to pursue their dreams and a major source of development is leftuntapped. An assessment on growth of women entrepreneurship will aid in acquiring much ofinformation in this area. In this context the present research report has been undertaken to assess the level towhich females in entrepreneurship is successful, the country chosen for area of research is China.Significant amount of change have been observed in the Chinese economy in which females arecoming out of their traditional gender precise roles and many of them are entering into thebusiness world to set up a mark in this field. Not only these females have also acquired a highcorporate position and are flourishing and around half of businesses are owned by females inChina (Eqri and Ralston, 2004). In lots of countries and several different sectors many of the business owners are male i.e.approximately from 65% to 75%. However, an issue has been arising that many females aretaking interest in small business ownership and are beginning their own ventures (Young,Women, Ethnic Minority and Co-Entrepreneurs, n.d). The rate of employment among females inmany of the nations has been raised and there is a fair amount of sources present that depicts thatthe significant amount of rise in entrepreneurship in females (Zoltan and Szerb, 2007). From the various secondary sources and after reviewing articles it has been found thatmotivating women’s to enter into the corporate world is a significant source for social andeconomic development. Females who undertake their own business offers an essentialcontribution in the development of economy and are able to manage the poverty level by giving1
additional income to big households especially in a single parent family. Entrepreneurialism is away of identifying work with low entry barriers and in which also some qualifications and skillsare needed (Welsch and et. al., 2009). The present research report speaks in volume about the role of education in womenentrepreneurship. Education is considered as the essential human virtue as well as necessity ofthe society. It provides significance and cultivates an integrated life. Importance of education inrelation with the entrepreneurship will be discussed. Further, various factors that motivateswomen to become entrepreneur will also be discussed. There are several factors that persuadeand influence the women to become entrepreneur are economic independence, social status,family background, self-prestige etc (Hung and et. al., 2007). All these factors will be analyzedin the subsequent research report. The main focus would be given to assess the three major areasof i.e. analysis of successful women entrepreneurs in China, to evaluate the factors due to whichwomen became entrepreneurs in the first place and role of education in making successfulwomen entrepreneurs. The research would pay attention to analyze these three mentioned areasand it significance in women entrepreneurship in China. 2
ECONOMY OF CHINA AND WOMEN ENTREPRENEURS China is having one of the world’s oldest consistent civilizations and development ofChinese culture is unique in itself as compared to the other parts of the world. However, themodern sense of deliverance of females was initially introduced in the end of feudal times at thebeginning of 20th century (Elam, 2008). Women demanded for equal rights and normal educationas men and also participated in the labour market. Since, China has transformed a lot and its position and the economic condition has beeneffective enough that it leads into more opportunities which is available and due to which womenentrepreneurs are successful. The economy of China provides numerous opportunities for menand women alike, since the year 1978 the private sector has facilitated for free development andgrowth. Entrepreneurship was promoted in the nation and support was also provided by thegovernment that issued some urge plans and policies for promotion of small and medium sizedenterprise promotion law (Galindo, 2011). During the past few decades the struggle to survive isthe innermost motivational factor for women entrepreneurs in China. Prior to the one childpolicy initiated by govt. girls used to receive very low attention as compared to their brotherswithin their families. Females in China were earlier forced to be independent so that they canprovide better education to their male counterparts. However, during the past few years some ofthe state owned enterprises were either redesigned or promoted to become financiallyindependent. It has been found from several economic data that contribution of femaleentrepreneurs in the development of China has been enormous and they are playing a major rolein the development of nation since years. Chinese women entrepreneurship has now entered intoa stage of development and it could be seen that none of the sector is left from entrepreneurshipof women (Women's Earnings and Income, 2012). The status of women was further develop when the reform occurred in the year 1978 inthe entire market. The society of China has offered numerous opportunities to females in theexternal environment to enhance their existing career. Economic development of this country hasbeen considered as the fastest developing nation that contributes an annual GDP growth rate ofmore than 10% (Morrison, W.M., 2012). This changed happen when many females working inthe different manufacturing companies were laid off and due to this they have to face severalproblems. Due to the need of time change occurred and generated the ‘Push factor’ for womenentrepreneurship in the China (Kearney, 2000).According to China Association of Women3
Entrepreneurs (CAWE, 2005) the reorganization of China’s industry, increasing urbanization anddevelopment of country have contributed in the removal of old impediment that safeguardedfemale entrepreneurs from carving out and developing their own career and offered them severalopportunities for growth. China had a fair amount of women’s employment rate than the worldaverage with females representing around 47% of its total workforce. Currently, Chinese womenentrepreneurs make up to 20% of all the entrepreneurs in China and 41% of them work in theprivate sector (Kusluvan, 2003).The economy of China is growing and is essential that organizations and governmentwork together to support women entrepreneurship in the nation and promote development.Although there are many issues that need to be addressed and a face of structural and economicalbarriers that can safeguard them from succeeding in their pursuits. It has been found that a highproportion of female entrepreneurs in many of the developing nations operate in the form ofinformal economy that ultimately acts as a barrier for potential growth of business. China’s economy is driven by innovation, competition and productivity, China isconsidered as one of the most entrepreneurial nation all around the world. It was observed duringthe 2008 summer Olympics that China overwhelmed the world with Beijing’s posh athleticvenues and restored the urban landscapes (Ozbilgin, 2009). During the time when Europe andUS was struggling with the economic crisis, China’s remarkable economic growth rate provedthat it was only a matter of time when china became the global economic leader (Morrison,2012). However, critics have quoted about China’s income inequality, rise in corruption level,aging population are several reasons that raises doubt on the country’s ability to maintain a rapidgrowth. The growth and development of women entrepreneurship in China’s private sector aredriven by females who are averse to cooperate on employment that is not favourable in theircareer progression. The profile of female entrepreneur in the probable future will continue tomatch with the changing circumstances (Schenier, 2009). However, women entrepreneurs couldnot be able to eliminate the inequality among them entirely as they are still surrounded within amale dominant society. Female entrepreneurship is playing a major role in the growth and development of globaleconomy and it has been found in many of the top rated magazines that females of China havebeen rated as the richest business women with a growth of 7%. Presently, in China there are 29million entrepreneurs and among them 41% are running their own business and some of the4
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