1WOMEN IN DANGER Introduction The increase in the number of domestic violence is a situation of concern across the globe. However, the rise has been significant in Australia andit is a fact that Australia is struggling to control the deaths and injuries to women due to domestic violence. With almost one death, every day in Australia where a former or present partner not only harasses but also kills the woman, is a threatening reason for women to be afraid.Global Citizenreports that the nation is in a state of national catastrophe with so many cases of domestic violence flooding the country(Global Citizen 2019). Family violence and Sexual violence are other forms of violence that is a common form of domestic violence(Australian Institute of Health and Welfare 2019). Family violence is a situation where the perpetrator imposes control and power over the victim. Children are a major factor here as their custody is something that stops the women (mothers) from reporting such violence. Sexual violence within the family domain also forces sexual behaviors or harassments towards a woman, against her will, by a current or former partner or any other member in the family, an acquaintance or any friend or colleague. Discussion In the article,“Victims’ barriersto discussing domestic violence inclinical consultations: A qualitativeenquiry”, Othman, Goddard and Pitermandiscussesthe various barriers to the victims of domestic violence (2014). The situation is studied and judged, based onfinancial stability, custody of children, the social position of the partner and his family besides the mental situation of the woman,which emerges as major barriers to come out and fight against such situations. There are various barriers to the victims as being judged, likefinancial stability, custody of children, the social position of the
2WOMEN IN DANGER partner and his family besides the emotional or psychological ground of the woman, which emerges as major barriers to come out and fight against such situations. However, Chappell and Curtin (2013) emphasize on the federal structure of the legislative and executive bodies that frame an effective system.Their article studies the effect of a Federal structure in the policy-making practices, in the domain of family and domestic violence (FDV). It studies the situation of women and their right to equality in this domain. The FDV structure of the policies depend upon the reforms, innovation and learning besides coordination challenges. In the absence of a good governing structure, FDV initiatives of try to foster a more effective form of integration in terms of interventions and services. However, they failed to incorporate the power or gender frames, which could indicate a further progression upon the issue.This ensures that the law enforcement plays a crucial role in the prevention of such crimes or acts of violence rather turn out to be effective remedial measures.The target population for whom a law or policy is drafted should essentially create an impact on that person. O’ Brienet al.(2013) brings to focus an important paradigm in this situation, emphasizing on the memories of a few women who emerge as child witnesses to domestic violence. The article, namely, “Lifting the domestic violence cloak of silence: Resilient Australian women’s reflected memories of their childhood experiences of witnessing domestic violence”throws light uponthe resilient Australian women who reflect upon their childhood memories of abuse and violence, existing in the nucleated family space where they grew up. The situation is such that the six women, who are upon study, based on their memories, state how difficult it is to move on intoa “rewarding” zone of lifewhen they have grown up seeing violence all their life. Aschild witnessesto domestic violence, it is not just difficult but also a much-normalized situation at the end of a few years, asone gets used
3WOMEN IN DANGER tothis scenario of violence. The cloak is the way to hide such violence and that is how women observe, learn and adapt with time but barely protest. Salter (2014) looks at themulti-perpetrator domestic violence (MDV), often removed from the analysis. It highlights thegroups of working classwho are essentially vulnerable to the situations of MDV like females who have partners from theorganized criminal groups or smaller gangs,and those who belong to communities ofan ethnic minority. It also studies the cross-cultural aspect of masculine honor in inflicting violence against women in these impoverished communities. In Australia, the aboriginals are also a group that is found to practice similar rigid and orthodox practices. Douglas and Fitzgerald (2014) in their article“Strangulation, domestic violence and the legal response” depict the increase in the frequency of two acts, majorly, strangulation and stabbing as common methods of causing harm or murder during a situation of domestic violence. Both of these acts of strangulation and stabbing are quite common in the complaint history of domestic violence. This paper tries to study the factors of domestic violence, mostly born out of fury and makes an observation on the domestic violence acts from across the globe. It essentially looks at the policies and laws in the framework of the Australian and New Zealand government structure and makes a detailed statistical analysis on the same considering a true and a null hypothesis. It concludes with recommendations for legislative reforms and policies that lessen such domestic abuses. However, another essential fact is the knowledge of Intimate Partner Violence (IPV) that affects most of the women under the age of fifty, inflicted upon by their partners, even family members or close acquaintances (Beccariaet al.2013). In this article, “Nursing student's perceptions and understanding of intimate partner violence” the study tries to look into the details of the IPV that record for almost 61 % of the domestic violence,
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4WOMEN IN DANGER according to the World Health Organization (2012). The situation studies with respect to the nurse’s efficacy in dealing with such situations as well as the Australian undergraduate university women students program, to inspect into their readiness in tackling such situations of IPV. Nevertheless, their orthodox and stereotypical behavior as well as lack of information clearly portrays through this article as they refuse to either divulge details or refuse to discuss on these premises. Strategies to deal with Domestic Violence The control of domestic violence througha close surveillance, awareness and education, training young women and enforcement of strong laws and policies to empowerwomencanbringdowntheviolenceratesubsequently.Thiscallsforthe requirement of a government or police body that provides door-to-door sudden checks to keep such violence under control. Appropriatelaw enforcementshall minimize the violence. A stern approach by the government to look into the prevention of such violence that by only punishing the guilty is a requirement based on the present scenario.Thus, policy-making in the framework of the authority at workplace or in the government structure needs to be present, headed by a team of women with at least one survivor. As child witnesses, it leaves a dangerous mark on one’s life as that person sees violence as a regular affair and are, in some way, immune to the orthodox belief of violence and abuse as a part of a woman’s life (O’ Brienet al.2013).The dissolution of such situation is possible by raising awareness in schools and colleges among the younger generation to identify, report, protest and fightfrom an early stage in such situations. Besides this, women who have experienced such situations can help other women seek help and escape such tortures.Studies from above, support the fact that there is askewness of data in domestic violence upon women, majorly in theworking classand those belonging to
5WOMEN IN DANGER minoritieswithimpoverishedorcriminallivingbackgrounds(Salter2014).This communitylacks necessitiesand requires proper education and awareness. Police raids in the areas close to the underbelly or identified as such an impoverished zone can improvise the situations.Women can beempowered through smaller government programsin such situations so that they do not need to depend on their husbands or in-laws for the upkeep of their children or their own selves. Aneconomic stabilitybesides a liberal way of thinking is essential for minimizing the domestic violence and attaining a satisfied and happier family life.Control of fury and rationalizing one’s thoughts are essential. The fast moving lifestyle, captured in the gadgets, barely allows time for the self or relaxation. This is essential to keep the hormones in control besides reducing frustration from work life or insecurities in the relationships.Therefore, a requirement of sufficientawareness programs and trainingsamong women across ages, and communities,especially targeting those in colleges are ideal situations to transform and develop these women into stronger individuals who can protest for their own selves (Beccaria et al.2013). Conclusion In the year 2018, magazines and reports showed a large number of crime on domestic violence. This was turning the nation into a hostile ground, unable to protect its own women citizens. In addition, a person who fears any kind of domestic violence can apply for civil protection orders. However, many people have complained against the same, citing the helpline numbers remaining inactive or unresponsive in situations of urgency. The law and justice system also seems flawed, as, in most of the cases, discussed above; the punishment is not sufficient considering the life-threatening experience that the victim has undergone. This is both traumatic and needs efficient surveillance of the police and the law.
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7WOMEN IN DANGER References Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2019.Family, domestic and sexual violence in Australia, 2018, Summary - Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. [online] Australian Institute of Health and Welfare. Available at: https://www.aihw.gov.au/reports/domestic- violence/family-domestic-sexual-violence-in-australia-2018/contents/summary [Accessed 17 Aug. 2019]. Beccaria, G., Beccaria, L., Dawson, R., Gorman, D., Harris, J.A. and Hossain, D., 2013. Nursingstudent'sperceptionsandunderstandingofintimatepartnerviolence.Nurse education today,33(8), pp.907-911. Chappell, L. and Curtin, J., 2013. Does federalism matter? Evaluating state architecture and family and domestic violence policy in Australia and New Zealand.Publius: The Journal of Federalism,43(1), pp.24-43. Douglas,H. andFitzgerald,R.,2014. Strangulation,domesticviolenceandthelegal response.Sydney L. Rev.,36, p.231. Global Citizen, 2019.Domestic Violence Killed 6 Women in Australia Last Week. [online] GlobalCitizen.Availableat:https://www.globalcitizen.org/en/content/domestic-violence- crisis-australia/ [Accessed 17 Aug. 2019]. O’Brien, K.L., Cohen, L., Pooley, J.A. and Taylor, M.F., 2013. Lifting the domestic violence cloakofsilence:ResilientAustralianwomen’sreflectedmemoriesoftheirchildhood experiences of witnessing domestic violence.Journal of Family Violence,28(1), pp.95-108. Othman, S., Goddard, C. and Piterman, L., 2014. Victims’ barriers to discussing domestic violence in clinical consultations: A qualitative enquiry.Journal of interpersonal violence, 29(8), pp.1497-1513.
8WOMEN IN DANGER Salter, M., 2014. Multi-perpetrator domestic violence.Trauma, Violence, & Abuse,15(2), pp.102-112.