Exploring Foxconn's Labor Practices

This assignment requires you to critically analyze the labor practices employed by Foxconn Technology Group. You will examine various aspects of their operations, including working conditions, wages, employee benefits, and adherence to international labor standards. Drawing on provided academic sources, case studies, and news reports, your analysis should address ethical considerations, worker rights, and the broader social impact of Foxconn's practices.

Running head: WORKPLACE SAFETY IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
Workplace Safety in Manufacturing Industry
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:

1WORKPLACE SAFETY IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
Executive Summary
The research report is based on current employee workplace health and safety issues into the
manufacturing industry. Safety is one of the key factors into the organization for to improve
productivity. The report is based on analyzing the employee issues into Apple’s biggest supplier,
Foxconn and Pegatron. The identified issues within the manufacturing industry are excessive
working hours, unpaid overtime, health and safety failing, accommodation problem and
improper training to work in the organization. The aim of this report is to solve the issues that the
employees of Apple are facing based on safety into the workplace. Reduction of total working
hours of the employees, increment of the labour force, working flexibility and providing of
accommodation get the work more productive. It helps to reduce the employee’s accidents in
future result into organizational productivity.

2WORKPLACE SAFETY IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
Table of Contents
1.0 Introduction................................................................................................................................3
1.1 Identification and background of the complex industry issue...............................................3
2.0 Research aims and objectives....................................................................................................4
3.0 Literature review........................................................................................................................4
3.1 Issues faced by the employees in Foxconn............................................................................5
3.2 Solutions of the issues faced by the employees.....................................................................8
4.0 Research methodology.............................................................................................................12
4.1 Research Approach..............................................................................................................12
4.2 Research Design..................................................................................................................13
4.3 Data collection techniques...................................................................................................13
5.0 Human story.............................................................................................................................15
6.0 Conclusion...............................................................................................................................17
7.0 Recommendations....................................................................................................................18
References......................................................................................................................................19

3WORKPLACE SAFETY IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
1.0 Introduction
In recent days it is seen that the working load is continuously increasing on the
employees of several manufacturing sector (Andrijasevic, Sacchetto and Gylen 2013). As a result
the safety of the employees is becoming a serious issue. In order to get more amount of the
production rate without hiring new people, the companies are increasing the work pressure to a
huge extent on the employees. Employees are one of the most import resources of an
organization but it is seen in many cases that the organizations are not taking proper safety
measures for the employee’s safety and security (Cassiman 2015). Foxconn is the largest
manufacturing unit and supplier of Apple in China and the situation of employees is most
pathetic in that industry. In this report the issues faced by the employees and the
recommendation to overcome those factors are discussed in details.
1.1 Identification and background of the complex industry issue
Employee’s safety is one of the most important parameter for the management of any
organizations. In many cases it is seen that the management of several organizations are careless
with the present issues which are faced by the employees of different manufacturing companies.
Employees mainly in the industrial units are facing such issues due to excessive working load
and long working hours (Christos 2015). In many cases it is also seen that the employees are o
even paid for working in overtime. The management is pretending to provide the employees
basic opportunities but in practical the scenario is showing completely opposite facts. Foxconn is
the largest manufacturing unit and supplier of Apple in China and the situation of employees are
most pathetic in that industry. The employees have nothing left in their personal like except
working for the manufacturing companies and as a result they are frustrated and also facing

4WORKPLACE SAFETY IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
several health related issues (Fee 2014). In this industry the employees are being treated like
machines. They have to work for long hours and they are not paid for working in overtime and as
a result the employees are facing health and safety issues. It is also seen that the employees are
escaping and also choosing to attempt suicide in several cases. In many cases employees are not
properly trained for the work and as a result they face a lot of difficulties in their works.
2.0 Research aims and objectives
The main aim of this report is to identify the issues faced by the employees and also to
solve the problems in order to increase the safety and security of the employees. Employees are
facing lots of issues like working for long hours and being unpaid for working in overtime
(Freeman and De Haan 2014). The organizations are basically trying to produce maximum
amount of work from the minimum amount of the employees. As a result they are increasing
working load on them. The objectives of the report are:
 To find out the reasons behind the issues which are faced by the employees
 To overcome with those issues raised into the organization
The huge amount of working hours should be decreased for the employees and they
should also be given proper accommodations for better work experience. The employees should
also be paid with a good amount so that they can fulfill all their basic requirements ( Gleiss
2016). The employees should be kept happy and motivated in order to get the best outcome from
them.

5WORKPLACE SAFETY IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
3.0 Literature review
In this literature review the issues faced by the employees are discussed from several
aspects. In the manufacturing sector it is seen that several companies are increasing the working
pressure to a huge extent for the maximum productivity (He 2013). The working load is not only
increased on the employees of the organization in many cases but also it is seen that the
employees are also not paid for working in the overtime schedule. The employees are one of the
main resources in an organization and human resource should be taken care of for the best
productivity as they are the main working force of any company. Lee and Vachon (2016) stated
that in case of the industrial organizations there are many functions which are to be done by the
human resources. There are several types of works which need proper skills and the employees
are not also properly trained in many cases.
As a result the employees face a lot of difficulties in their work . Lüthje and Butollo
(2017) demonstrated that the employees have nothing left in their personal like except working
for the manufacturing companies and as a result they are frustrated and also facing several health
related issues. In this industry the employees are being treated like machines. They have to work
for long hours and they are not paid for working in overtime and as a result the employees are
facing health and safety issues.
3.1 Issues faced by the employees in Foxconn
Ma, Shang and Wang (2017) highlighted that Foxconn is the largest manufacturing unit
and supplier of Apple in China and the situation of employees are most pathetic in that industry.
From several sources it is known that the working condition is deteriorating and the work load on
the employees are increased to a huge extent. It is already reported that many employees are
escaping and also trying to suicide to become free from such tremendous work pressure. The

6WORKPLACE SAFETY IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
author says that many cases are found in which the labors have reported about decreased morale,
overcrowding, long hours in the Foxconn main production line and subsistence wages. The
working condition is not also healthy in Foxconn at all. Yan (2016) observed that there are
several places which are dirty and lots of explosions can be occurred in those places. In reality
some cases of explosions are also reported in the main working area in that manufacturing unit
also.
Around 1.2million employees work in the organization and most of them are of age
within 30 (Medina 2015). The employees require some quality time in their personal life to be
refreshed and they also may have some hobbies. In practical situation it is seen that the
employees have to work for long hours and in some cases they work more than 12 hours. Muller
(2016) argued that the workers also have to work for extra times in case of when the work load is
very much. The amount of money which they are paid is also very low. As a result the
employees cannot spend good time in their personal life and the quality of time for the employee
are not also good as they are very tired and frustrated after going through such work pressure in
the office. Ngai et al. (2014) demonstrated that in many cases it is also seen that the position of
the office for many employees is very bad as they come from long distances. It takes for them to
come to the office around 2 or 3 hours and again they have to journey for the same duration after
the office time. In that case the office does not provide proper transport opportunity and also
does not pay transport fee for the employees. There are many facilities like the swimming pool,
dining halls, book stores and other recreations but in fact the employees hardly get time to enjoy
those facilities in the office.
In many cases it is seen that the workers hardly get only a half of hour in the whole day to
eat their lunch. In this organization it is seen that the workers have to maintain the quality of

7WORKPLACE SAFETY IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
their work highly and they also have to work at least for 60 hours in a week (Niu et al. 2016).
For that reason the employees are not able to enjoy the facilities in the organization. They even
do not talk to each other due to the work pressure in the organization. For that reason the
working environment becomes bad in the organization and that also results in making the
employees more frustrated and also they lose motivation. Peng, Wong and Song (2016) cited that
it is illegal to make employees work for more than 36 hours in China. At least one holiday must
be given for the employees. In many cases it is seen that several employees had to work for
consecutive 13 days without taking any holiday. In that case the employees really face a lot of
difficulties for their huge working load. In many cases it is observed that the employees have
really broken down and demoralized due to such working load.
There are huge dormitories in the Foxconn factory which can afford 24 people in that
room and in many cases the employees cannot break the rules which are really very strict in case
of living in the dormitories (Rothlin and McCann 2016). It is really hard to stay in those
dormitories with such working environment. If the rules are broken then the employees are
humiliated in front of the whole office and these create huge mental pressure on them. It is
reported that during the peak production period the employees are also working for the company
for more than 12 hours and consecutive days more than 13 days.
During the introduction of the Ipad the employees had to work for more than 13 days and
they had to work for more than 12 hours in a day. For such issues the employees face serious
problems regarding their health. In many cases it is seen that the employees are facing health
problems due to the excessive working hour (Sacchetto and Cecchi 2015). Several mental issues
are also faced by the employees due to such working load. Carayon et al. (2015) mentioned that
in many cases it is seen that the employees are trying to escape and they want to attempt for

8WORKPLACE SAFETY IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
suicide due to the huge working load. Literally the employees are treated as the robots and
machines in the company. The company is least bothered about their health and other wages.
They are only interested with the production and the output from the employees.
3.2 Solutions of the issues faced by the employees
There are several issues which are faced by the employees in the organization. These
issues are discussed in the above part of this report. There are many aspects for the employees
which can be made more advanced in order to decrease the huge amount of work pressure for the
employees (Sang et al. 2016). There are also several external pressures on the company to
decrease the working load for the organization. The main idea behind decreasing the working
pressure on the Companies is to motivate them and to increase the security of the employees.
The employees are the main resource for an organization and for that reason they should be taken
care of in several aspects.
Shen (2014) argued that there are many issues which should be first overcome in order to
make the employees relieved. It is already reported that many employees are escaping and also
trying to suicide to become free from such tremendous work pressure. The author says that many
cases are found in which the labors have reported about decreased morale, overcrowding, long
hours in the Foxconn main production line and subsistence wages. Waters (2017) mentioned that
the working condition is not also healthy in Foxconn at all. It is seen that there are several places
which are dirty and lots of explosions can be occurred in those places. In reality some cases of
explosions are also reported in the main working area in that manufacturing unit also. Around
1.2million employees work in the organization and most of them are of age within 30. The
employees require some quality time in their personal life to be refreshed and they also may have
some hobbies (Wu et al. 2016).

9WORKPLACE SAFETY IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
In practical situation it is seen that the employees have to work for long hours and in
some cases they work more than 12 hours. They also have to work for extra times in case of
when the work load is very much. The amount of money which they are paid is also very low. As
a result the employees cannot spend good time in their personal life and the quality of time for
the employee are not also good as they are very tired and frustrated after going through such
work pressure in the office (Yan 2016). In many cases it is also seen that the position of the
office for many employees is very bad as they come from long distances. It takes for them to
come to the office around 2 or 3 hours and again they have to journey for the same duration after
the office time. In that case the office does not provide proper transport opportunity and also
does not pay transport fee for the employees.
Zhao and Hu (2015) analyzed that there are many facilities like the swimming pool,
dining halls, book stores and other recreations but in fact the employees hardly get time to enjoy
those facilities in the office. In many cases it is seen that the workers hardly get only a half of
hour in the whole day to eat their lunch. In this organization it is seen that the workers have to
maintain the quality of their work highly and they also have to work at least for 60 hours in a
week. For that reason the employees are not able to enjoy the facilities in the organization. Hale,
Borys and Adams (2015) demonstrated that they even do not talk to each other due to the work
pressure in the organization. For that reason the working environment becomes bad in the
organization and that also results in making the employees more frustrated and also they lose
motivation. It is illegal to make employees work for more than 36 hours in China (Lüthje and
Butollo 2017). At least one holiday must be given for the employees. In many cases it is seen
that several employees had to work for consecutive 13 days without taking any holiday. In that
case the employees really face a lot of difficulties for their huge working load. In many cases it is

10WORKPLACE SAFETY IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
observed that the employees have really broken down and demoralized due to such working
load.
Following are the options for the management in order to increase the safety for the
employees of the organization. The Foxconn has taken several new steps regarding the increment
of the facilities provided to the employees (Rothlin and McCann 2016). The amount of wages
given to the employees should be increased to a better amount. The company should provide
many facilities and other funds and allowances for the employees in order to motivate them and
to encourage them for more productivity. Sacchetto and Cecchi (2015) observed that the
employees should be rewarded with money or other gifts from the organization for better
productivity and excellent work in order to make them motivated. The employees should also be
given several opportunities for promotion in the organization and that may be on the basis of
their performance and dedication level for the organization. The employees should be given
more appreciation for the work they do.
Wachter and Yorio (2014) cited that the next thing is to decrease the amount of working
hours for the employees. It is seen in many cases that the employees work for more than 12
hours in a day. The employees should not be allowed more than 8 hours a day for work. They
should also be given enough amount of recess time to make themselves fresh. The employees
should be given enough flexibility in the organization in order to increase the productivity of the
company (Lüthje and Butollo 2017). The main advantage of making the employees more
motivated and connected to the organization the employees must be given much time to talk and
communicate with other employees in order to increase the affection between the employees.
Medina (2015) stated that this kind of affection should increase the likeness of the employees for
working in the organization. The employees should also be free to spend some quality time in the

11WORKPLACE SAFETY IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
organization so that they can utilize the facilities of the organization. They should always be free
to speak about the issues they are facing in the organization and they should also be given
enough amount of flexibility to protest in cases where they are being given pressure by the
management of the organization.
It is also an important concern related to the employees that they are not paid due to the
extra work they have to do in the overtime. The organization should increase the amount of
money they provide for the extra work the employees do for the organization (Christos 2015).
The main advantage of making the more amount of the money is that the employees are
motivated and they are also further interested in doing the overtime for the incentive they get
from the organization (Glendon, Clarke and McKenna 2016). The employees also are provided
with the better opportunities like the insurances and they are also provided with the
organizational facilities.
Andrijasevic, Sacchetto and Gylen (2013) demonstrated that the employees should also
be given at least one holiday in a week. It should be mandatory for them. They are also made
more motivated by the organization by giving them the facilities. The employees should also be
provided with the chances that they can give feedback about the organizational behavior which is
practiced with them. There are also many factors which are in general can be very useful for the
employees. Cassiman (2015) mentioned that some employees come from a long distance to the
office. The company should provide them some transport facilities and also they should be given
proper allowance for the transport. There are also many other medical facilities which can be
provided to the employees in order to assist them in case of any health related issues. Last but
not the least it is also seen that there are many cases found in which the manufacturing unit has
been reported of several blasts and explosions in the working area (Wei and Usman 2017). The

12WORKPLACE SAFETY IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
company should develop the working place with proper fire extinguishing system and they
should also make the working area clean and healthy for the employees.
4.0 Research methodology
Mackey and Gass (2013) stated that research methodology is defined as plan to carry out
research work so that the work should do systematically. It will describe in details about data
collection techniques, methods and research design. Flick (2015) provided details of
consideration about selection of proper research techniques as well as methods to conduct this
research study. The researchers pointed out application of research principles which help to
eliminate the errors throughout the research process. The researcher documented different
methods and techniques for utilization of the research work (Taylor, Bogdan and DeVault 2015).
The researcher visited of selected manufacturing industry for collecting detailed data on selected
research topic.
4.1 Research Approach
In this particular research report, two of the research approaches are used: inductive and
deductive approach. Nardon and Steers (2014) demonstrated that this research approach is
accurate for those cases where the selected research topic is not studied properly due to lack of
existing research data. On the other hand, deductive approach is aimed to design the theories
based on data collection and analysis techniques from various sources of data (Mackey and Gass
2015). In this particular study, deductive approach is used as there is large availability of data on
selected research topic. The data are available on the issues of Apple which help us to generate
theories on critical factors for success management of the complex projects. Using this research
approach, existing literature on employee issues in Foxconn and Pegatron are reviewed.

13WORKPLACE SAFETY IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
Deductive approach formed to contrast, examine and evaluate the research findings (Silverman
2016). Specific observations are made to develop research conclusion and theories.
4.2 Research Design
Salaberry and Comajoan (2013) highlighted that proper research design helps to design a
proper research framework for this particular research report to help in selection of methods for
data collection. Three categories of research design are used for this study such as exploratory,
explanatory and descriptive. Clark and Creswell (2014) stated that exploratory research design is
used to acknowledge of wider range of research theories which are used into chosen domain.
Explanatory is used to search out reasons and explanations behind the proper phenomenon
studied (Neuman and Robson 2014). Descriptive design is used to collect of detailed employee
issues within Apple of China. The issues are regarding occurrence of events such as excessive
working hours, unpaid overtime, health and safety failing, accommodation problem and
improper training to work in the organization (Lakatos 2014). In this particular study, descriptive
design is used to determine proper framework of research work. It enables to gain data about the
employee issues and solutions for successful management of the critical research work. Factors
those are critical for research success is gained throughout utilization of research design.
4.3 Data collection techniques
In this particular research report, secondary sources are used to gather information on the
industry issues of Apple in China. The data are collected by someone else those are passed
throughout the statistical process. Within China, the biggest supplier of Apple is Foxconn and
Pegatron those are facing issues in their employees. From the secondary sources data, the
researcher analyzed the employee’s issues such as excessive working hours, unpaid overtime,
health and safety failing, accommodation problem and improper training to work in the

14WORKPLACE SAFETY IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
organization (Gioia et al. 2013). At the time of collecting data from the secondary materials, the
researcher used the criteria such as search of the key terms, date of publication of the article,
credential of author, reliability of the secondary sources and development of the research topic.
Relevant information and data on the issues of Apple were gathered from peer reviewed journal
article, newspaper report and company report of Foxconn and Pegatron. Review of the secondary
sources helped to understand the workplace issues of the company’s work of Apple. Newspaper
reports provide information about the problems as well as issues of the workplace into the
manufacturing company of China (Kitchin and Tate 2013). Peer reviewed journal articles help to
develop the identified issues and provide solutions to those factors. This particular research
report is based on workplace safety of the employees.
Secondary data source is considered as an important source of information as it provides
valuable knowledge into broad range of the issues. This data collection technique accessed
existing information that is less time consuming as compared to primary data collection
(Panneerselvam 2014). Secondary data reviews comprehensive data and provides required
information to understand the employee issues into the manufacturing industry of China.
Resource limited workgroups can utilize of secondary data collection technique as this method to
access company’s data that is cost effective (Gast and Ledford 2014). From the previous
subjects, it helped to get information and knowledge about the current subjects. The secondary
sources provided information on broken promises of the Apple Company and how they treat the
workers. Library data is also taken into consideration for this research work. Matthews and Ross
(2014) mentioned that secondary data does not have any limitation in their quality. Data sources
can conflict with each other when review of data sources along with seeking consultation from
the local expert can resolve the research issues.

15WORKPLACE SAFETY IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
Reynolds et al. (2014) demonstrated that secondary data collection determines the
purpose of the research work and type of information required to collect that research purpose. It
determines the person those would collect the information it seeks. Using the data source, it is
used to identify the sources available for collecting required information. From the newspaper
report, data are collected on the employee’s issues of manufacturing industry of Apple’s biggest
supplier Foxconn Technology Group. BBC News are published into the newspaper and titled as
“Apple 'failing to protect Chinese factory workers'” that 14 of the employees were killed
themselves in the year 2010 (Bilton 2014). This incident was occurred due to poor condition of
the Chinese factory. The management of the organization used of illegal practices for increasing
the productivity of their employee. From the internet, most of the workplace safety issues of the
Apple’s manufacturing industry were being collected.
5.0 Human story
From the internet, the workplace safety issues of the manufacturing industry are
collected. There are various newspaper reports, journal articles and company reports are
published on the identified employee issues like excessive working hours, unpaid overtime,
health and safety failing, accommodation problem in addition to improper training. There are
also some videos which are published showing critical situations of the employees. In the subject
named as “People, Work & Employment and Industrial Relations”, the researcher comes to
know on the employee’s issues of Foxconn and Pegatron manufacturing company. These two
companies are the biggest supplier of the Apple products in China. The organization are treating
their employees unlikely and behaving very badly with them. The employees are working under
pressure without any break, they are unpaid even they work overtime in addition to crowed

16WORKPLACE SAFETY IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
accommodations (Garside 2012). An audit is done on the Apple’s Chinese factories provide
details on the employee’s issues, health and safety plus management interference into trade
unions. Into public investigation on Foxconn factories within China, it assembles of millions of
iPhones as well as iPads, independent fair labour association identified that more than half of the
employees were worked for 11 days or more than that without rest. 43 percent of the workers
reported an experience of accident into the three plants audited.
The auditor found that health as well as safety breaches are occurred into the factory
includes of blocked exits, lack of personal protective equipments as well as missing permits. In
December 2012, 46 percent of the workforces clocked put 70 hours per week, which caused a lot
of pressure on the workers. Focused on the Chinese labour laws, the employees should not work
more than 49 hours a week includes of overtime. Average maximum week was of 61 hours.
Between the month of November as well as January, more than third of the staffs are not
receiving Saturday off into seven days. Higher turnover was made into Foxconn based on
overtime work the employees were done. Workers are denied pat for their extra hours and
approximately 14 percent of the workers were worked unpaid time (Garside 2012). Overtime
was paid into 30 minutes of increments, therefore 29 extra minutes work of the employees were
not paid. Both Foxconn as well as Apple are agreed for compensating the workers and reduction
of increments to 15 minutes. It showed that Apple’s promises to protect the workers were broken
down.
As an improvement plan, Apple is focused on improving fair as well as safe working
conditions. The management of Apple work with the suppliers to address the employee’s issues.
It is failed to monitor the conditions into robust manners. The team was working for year in order
to educate the workers, improve the conditions as well as make of supply chain model of Apple

17WORKPLACE SAFETY IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
into the manufacturing industry. Apple began to audit the Chinese plants to outsource the
manufacturer for the electronics of the customers, individual plants in addition to employers.
6.0 Conclusion
It is concluded that into the current time, workplace safety is the most important and
therefore the issues related to safety are overcome from the manufacturing industry. It is
analyzed that Apple is failed to provide safety to the employees, therefore the employees face lot
of issues into their business organization. Most of the issues are faced by the employees due to
work pressure. The employer of Apple behaves very badly with their employees. Apple is not
providing safety for the employees so that many hazardous incidents have occurred. The
employees of China work for excess hours, problem of accommodation, unpaid overtime
working, health as well as safety issues. It is observed that this particular report is based on
solving the employee’s issues so that a safety workplace should implement into Apple. The main
motive is to provide better working environment as well as healthy life to people.
Reduction of the working hours of the employees, increment of labor force, working
flexibility, providing of accommodation to employees is used to solve the manufacturing issues.
It reduces the accidents into the future with increase into productivity in addition to safety of
employees. The researcher gathers data from the journal articles plus newspaper reports. It helps
to develop the research issues as well as support of the organizational factors related to the study.
The secondary data sources are used to review the selected research topic with providing of
required information to understand the employee issues into the manufacturing industry of
China. Managing of proper leadership is required for implementation of workplace safety into
the manufacturing industry. The employers implement safety and health policy for improvement

18WORKPLACE SAFETY IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
into their business process and service, better working morale and improvement over employee
retention.

19WORKPLACE SAFETY IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
7.0 Recommendations
Following are the recommendations suggested so that the organization can establish a
safe and healthy working environment:
Offer flexible working schedule: There should be a flexible working hours of the
employees so that it reduces their 96 hours working hours. It is efficient to start and end of the
workplace time. Apple should implement of five day working week which require of more
planning.
Offer employee benefits: The employees should provide with financial benefits so that
they are motivated and encouraged to work in the organization. The employees should provide
with fringe benefits such as normal wage and incentives for their overtime work. Employee’s
benefits should increase economic security of the staff members. It will improve the retention of
the worker across the organization.
Implement of health and safety policy: The organization should implement of strict rules
and regulations into the organization for health and safety of the employees. The policies are set
out into the safety statement. Effective management structure and organizational management
should put into place for the purpose to deliver the policy. The managers are responsible for
implementation to meet with safety targets of the employees. The policies should work safely to
protect long term health of the employees to reduce the accidents.

20WORKPLACE SAFETY IN MANUFACTURING INDUSTRY
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