History 101 - World Civilization

Running head: HISTORY 101
HISTORY 101
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HISTORY 1011
World Civilization
Part 1
Option 1
Advantages of bipedalism are that every future species of hominid would carry the trait.
Hominids are allowed by bipedalism in freeing their arms totally, which enables them in making
as well as using the tools efficiently, use hands in social communication and display and stretch
for the fruits in the trees. They could see also further over savannah grass. However this could be
disadvantage also as the predators could spot them probably more easily. More time could be
spend by bipedal hominids foraging as well as scavenging in open savannah as their bodies could
be exposed in less standing upright sunlight (Plomp, Dobney and Collard 2020). Improved
bipedalism was major evolutionary advantage for the hominids.
Using two limbs for walking was much more energy saving when compared on walking
using four limbs. Walking upon two feet could be much more efficient when compared to
knuckle walking as well as free arms for doing other activities. To be upright exposes smaller
surface of body to sun also, factor which is essential to venture form rainforest to woodlands.
Hence as time flew and there was evolution of hominids, walking upright turned out to be
beneficial to them as well as fitting adaptation. It is indicated by fossil record that hominids
could live in different two environments. Record indicates also that through stone tools’ use, the
hominids could have meat additionally for their diets (Senut et al. 2018). The observations about
changes and development of brain size were noted also. Brain size’s development is correlated to
consistent, constant cognitive developments.