Understanding the World of Tourism: Positive and Negative Impacts on Economic, Environmental, and Socio-Cultural Factors

This essay explores the positive and negative impacts of contemporary tourism on economic, environmental, and socio-cultural factors. It discusses the effects of the pandemic on the tourism industry and the contribution of tourism to the GDP of a country. The essay also covers the impact of tourism on natural resources, job opportunities, and cultural exchange.

Understanding the
World of Tourism

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY...................................................................................................................................3
Describing the development of contemporary tourism and discussion on positive-negative
impact of economic, environmental and social-cultural impacts................................................3
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................6
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................7

INTRODUCTION
Contemporary Tourism is an upgrading form, which present the new and refreshing form of
approach to study the issues like destination marketing, tourism ethics, changing the world order
internationally. This is intended by many developed countries this helps in developing economic
and helps to emerging of profit in the country. Group of people or an individual travelling from
one country to other another is know an Tourism(Assenova, Vodenska and et, al., 2018).
Therefore, the hub of tourism is known as tourism industry. This essay will introduced us to the
term contemporary tourism and its factors influencing and affecting on the economic,
environmental and socio-cultural and its positive and negative effect on our socio-cultural as
well, this essay will also explore the impact on the environmental condition due to tourism.
MAIN BODY
Describing the development of contemporary tourism and discussion on positive-negative
impact of economic, environmental and social-cultural impacts.
The time of tourism is increasing continuously this has boomed the tourism industry. In the time
of pandemic the tourism of affected as the places and spot of tourist were closed. After the
pandemic the development of tourism started as people started visiting other places and it
increased the ratio of tourism again. The external and internal factors by which this tourist
industry grows and declines too. There are various factors which are not affected or not
controlled by human but tourism industry is affect a lot by those factor like natural calamity.
External factors that can be political, legal, social, environmental and economical aspects. All
these factors are are sometime can be controlled and sometimes its not in hand of human being
but tourism industry id always affected by there impact. The pandemic has huge impact on
tourism industry and because of covid -19 impact this industry has been in loss (Han,2021). This
industries workers has been unemployed for long period of time and even these people do not
had jobs and earnings sources. Although many countries and there government are aware of the
fact that “Tourism Industry” is the way from which economic growth and domestic product
growth is possible. Due to some situations like pandemic has impacted the profit of this industry
which resulted in declining profit and effects directly to the GDP of the country. When there is
comparison to 2019 tourism there is fall in count of international tourism by 69.4% and domestic
visitors up-to 45%. Globally, during pandemic around 61.1 million people have lost their jobs.

This is how much tourism was affected by the pandemic. (INTERNATIONAL TOURISM
GROWTH CONTINUES TO OUTPACE THE GLOBAL ECONOMY, 2020)
Economic factor is the process and impact through which economic and financial condition of
any country affected. The tourism industry contributed in the world's gross domestic product, if
there is direct impact- 3.6% and indirect impact- 10.3% (The relationship between tourism and
economic growth among BRICS countries: a panel cointegration analysis, 2021). However, the
affect of tourism on economic conditions of any country is divided into three categories- first is
spending by the businesses done,second is expenditure made by the tourism, three and also can
be capital which is invested(Agarwal, Huang and et, al., 2018). Direct contribution in the form of
profit done in the economy of the country as when tourist purchase any domestic goods or rely
on the services provided by the tourism industry like hotel, convenience, entertainment facilities,
beverages and food and they are many other things which is purchased by the tourist. When there
is increase in demand of any products mentioned it encourage other people to join tourism
industry and start there new ventures. The Indirect contribution is made by government in form
of tax. When any tourist purchase any commodity or product,pay any toll tax or travelling tax in
other country which is charges by the government this is referred as indirect contribution. The
two most important impact of tourism which affects the economic facto is that it creates lot of
jobs and gives opportunities for lost of employment. The local and outsiders both get job
opportunities and this tourism industry always require people for working. This industry is
booming. While job opportunities is increasing for local people that also helps to increase in
income of them. This results in increasing the standard of living of the domestic people, which
give rises in standard of income of domestic people. This impact direct contribution in economy
of the country. The second and very significant is the government always take care of the
monuments and historical places this helps to generate in income for the country and not only the
historic places but they also look out for natural biodiversity that should be conserved. The
government always take proper efforts to keep all the infrastructure of the building safe and
clean(Hosany, Woodside and et,al., 2021). The second negative impact can be that outsiders
come in the country and start doing there business which can be seasonal or new permanent
ventures which effects in two ways less employment opportunities for local people and secondly,
there can be situation of multiple leakage effect occurs that can be income generating from the
tourism industry which is from host country (outsiders).

The environmental factors like wildlife tourism, natural things, and biodiversity tourism,these are
the direct and indirect affecting by tourism. Considering these, the positive impact of tourism on
environment can be as the government take care of all the tourist spot in the country as the
government want to protect the resources and natural things. Government also promotes those
businesses who uses the different sustainable development techniques to save the environmental
zone and government also use different sustainable products and techniques to protect the
environment and make the country green and clean for future purposes. There are some
important initiative steps taken by the government which is done to increase the count of tourism
by taking some sustainable steps for the country(Asongu, Acha-Anyi and et,al., 2019).
However, the negative impact of tourism on environment is increasing day by day like pollution
it effects the over consumption of use of plastic or it is the smoke which is generated by the
vehicles. The other negative impact is there is over consumption of natural resources these all
negative effects are taking place due to increase of tourism. The natural resources of any country
is getting affected. The contribution done by the government and people helps to save these
things and will always attract more number of tourists and which will generate more and more
income by practising these activities. However, the negative affect of the tourism on economy
can be, as they create a lot of pollution and through litter on the road side , over consumption
resources like food and natural resources like water.
The different culture gives chance of interaction with people of different cultures. The positive
impact of social-cultural is that when tourism comes they interact with local people this
interaction leads in understanding the culture of the other countries. This interaction helps to
understand their culture more closely and it benefits the tourist and local people both for an easy
interaction. The other thing is by coming close to another culture of the tourist the local people
can have more varieties what tourist wants. The negative impact of social-cultural is the first
local people gets more dependent on the tourist for living their income and livelihood. During
Covid-19, the local employees were fully dependent on the visitors for there living standards and
incomes and this effected the local people employment(Higgins-Desbiolles, Bigby and et, al.,
2022). The second factor which can be important is that interaction between the tourism and
locals leads to increase in criminal cases. The criminal cases like supplying of drugs, gambling
etc. these incidents seems to increasing more and more. The criminal gets involve with the local
people as they know more about their country of there own, this develops the habit of selling

drugs and taking drugs within the local people. Although there is huge amount of income is
generated but which is used by criminals to supply within there host country. This gives bad
impact on the people of the country as well as the supplying money to other country both are
taking place at the same time.
CONCLUSION
From the above report this can be concluded as the economy is highly affected by tourism
industry. It contribute major portion of economy. This industry is affected by some specific
factors the most recent and highlighted factor was Covid-19,the pandemic. People lost there jobs
in time of pandemic and the ratio of unemployment was very large in number. Lastly, the
positive and negative aspects has been discussed like- creating job opportunities is the positive
factor of economic impact. Better and more interaction between the tourist and local people of
the socio-cultural. Along with the improvement in sustainable development of the country is also
which gives plus point to the environmental factor and these each factors have negative impacts
too, like increasing pollution, increasing in criminal cases and many more.

REFERENCES
Books and Journals
Agarwal, S., Busby, G. and Huang, R. eds., 2018. Special interest tourism: Concepts, contexts
and cases. CABI.
Asongu, S.A., Nnanna, J., Biekpe, N. and Acha-Anyi, P.N., 2019. Contemporary drivers of
global tourism: evidence from terrorism and peace factors. Journal of Travel & Tourism
Marketing, 36(3), pp.345-357.
Assenova, M. and Vodenska, M. eds., 2018. Traditions and Innovations in contemporary
tourism. Cambridge Scholars Publishing.
Han, H., 2021. Consumer behavior and environmental sustainability in tourism and hospitality:
A review of theories, concepts, and latest research. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(7),
pp.1021-1042.
Higgins-Desbiolles, F. and Bigby, B.C., 2022. A local turn in tourism studies'. Annals of Tourism
Research, 92(C).
Hosany, S., Martin, D. and Woodside, A.G., 2021. Emotions in tourism: Theoretical designs,
measurements, analytics, and interpretations. Journal of Travel Research, 60(7), pp.1391-1407.
Online
The relationship between tourism and economic growth among BRICS countries: a
panel cointegration analysis, 2021 [online] Available Through
<https://fbj.springeropen.com/articles/10.1186/s43093-020-00048-3>
INTERNATIONAL TOURISM GROWTH CONTINUES TO OUTPACE THE
GLOBAL ECONOMY, 2020 [online] Available Through
<https://www.unwto.org/international-tourism-growth-continues-to-outpace-the-economy>