Youth Employment Challenges for Refugees in Australia

This assignment examines the difficulties young refugees encounter in finding work in Australia. It delves into factors contributing to youth unemployment among this demographic and offers solutions for enhancing their employability. The analysis includes insights into government policies, education systems, and societal perceptions that impact refugee youth's job prospects.

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Table and Content
1.0 Introduction............................................................................................................4
1.1 BACKGROUND..................................................................................................................4
1.2 ASSUMPTIONS...................................................................................................................5
1.3 PURPOSE OF RESEARCH.................................................................................................6
1.4 PROBLEM STATEMENT...................................................................................................6
1.5 NATURE AND TYPE OF STUDY......................................................................................7
1.6 RESEARCH QUESTIONS..................................................................................................7
2.0 Research Methodology...........................................................................................8
2.1 Question-Hypothesis-Prediction-Test-support/not support..................................................8
Prediction & Conclusion.......................................................................................................9
2.2 Questionnaire......................................................................................................................11
Questionnaires design..........................................................................................................11
Sample size...........................................................................................................................12
Integrating information........................................................................................................12
Analyzing data.....................................................................................................................14
3.0 Anticipated Results..............................................................................................15
4.0 Recommendations................................................................................................16
5.0 Conclusion.............................................................................................................17
6.0 Reference...............................................................................................................18
7.0 Appendix...............................................................................................................19

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Executive Summary
The purpose of this particular research was to determine the level of youth unemployment and
underemployment. These factors are among other factors that affected the style among the youth.
The research also determined how youth refugees faces a lot of unemployment in Australia. In
the same research, a hypothetical test was conducted to determine how youth jobs are related to
the level of education and what would assist the youth in securing jobs that could assist them in
maintain their lifestyles. The research also revealed how families, community and the youth
sought for asylum from other countries for those individuals who were unable to return to their
country of origin. The research also determined the effectiveness of education platform upon
issues of refugee youth underemployment. The researching tools employed in this study involved
use of observations and research questionnaires to determine how the youth refugee faced
difficulties in securing employment. Finally, the research laid down some recommendations to
curb the issue of youth and refugee unemployment in Australia.

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1.0 Introduction
1.1 BACKGROUND
This report aims to provide valid solutions to the answer of a wicked problem ‘how to kickstart a
sustainable enterprising lifestyle for underemployment youth’. It is reported that nearly one-third of
Australian youth are unemployed or underemployed hitting the highest point in 40 years (Brotherhood of
St Laurence 2017). It is more needed than ever to establish a sustainable enterprising lifestyle to adjust
the relationship between the supply and need of human resources, especially for young generations.
Under this circumstance, this report provides a basic solution to solve the underemployment of Australian
refugee youth.
According to Centre for Multicultural Youth (2014), there were over 11,000 young people settled in
Australia between 2007 to 2011 under Humanitarian program. In addition, over half of new arrivals were
aged fewer than 25 in the 2010-2011 financial year and 34% of humanitarian entrants have six or fewer
years of education. Many have an educational background that is interrupted, inadequate or that has little
resemblance to the Victorian education system. (DIAC Settlement Database) The refugee experience is
by definition traumatic and characterized by persecution, displacement, loss, grief, and forced separation
from family, home and belongings.
This displacement has a profound impact on the individual, family and community. Those who are unable
to return home often spend many years in a country of first asylum. For some young people, the majority
of their lives have been spent in transition countries and this profoundly impacts their identity and
settlement experience in Australia. For example, in 2009-10, 33% of refugees assisted through the
Humanitarian Settlement Services (HSS) in Australia stated that they had spent more than 2 years in a
refugee camp, 19% had spent more than 7 years in a camp, and 11% had spent 12 years or more in a
camp. Growing numbers of humanitarian youth arrivals have spent time in Australian Immigration
Detention Centers or in Community Detention.
Among all challenges faced by disenfranchise youth in Australia, underemployment has a lot of side
effect threating the living of refugee youth and their families. New arrivals from refugee backgrounds are

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likely, as a result of their pre-migration and migration experiences, to face common challenges in
adjusting to a new life in Australia. Young refugees also have needs that are distinct from those of older
refugees. As well as adjusting to life in a new country, recovering from trauma, navigating education,
employment and complex bureaucratic systems, refugee young people must also negotiate family, peer,
and individual and community expectations within the context of adolescence. As a result, this report will
discuss possible solutions to improve the employment situation for refugee youth.
1.2 ASSUMPTIONS
Assumption 1: customer segments who are currently underemployment actually desire more working
hours. This project aims to provide comprehensive help towards young and workable refugees to achieve
sustainable career.
Assumption 2: customer segments are workable. In the project, only workable refugees will be considered
as valid customer segments. Those who are not workable physically or mentally will not be included as
customer segments.
Assumption 3: this report focused on the underemployment of refugee in the context of Melbourne and
Australia where the cities are highly developed and the job market is highly dense. Under this
circumstance, disenfranchised youth without proper education can hardly find sufficient working hours.
1.3 PURPOSE OF RESEARCH
The aim of this report is to illustrate the process of design thinking and the effectiveness of the proposed
solution regarding the wicked problem ‘how to kickstart sustainable enterprising lifestyle for
underemployment youth’. As a result, this report is dedicated to offer constructive suggestions towards
government, enterprises and customer segments. The team focused on understanding customers’
requirements and their personal stories and feelings during the preliminary research so that team members
could have deep insight about customers and their needs. The intention of this report was to improve the
awareness of youth underemployment as well as to address the youth underemployment through
providing effective and feasible solutions.
1.4 PROBLEM STATEMENT
In recent decades, increasing number of young people cannot find sufficient working hours due to the fact
of unbalanced pair of supply and need of human resources. The competitions in job market have become

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increasingly fierce. Therefore, many young people aged from 15-24 cannot find enough working hours
with appropriate treatment.
There are some key words in the wicked problem: kickstart, sustainable, enterprising lifestyle and
underemployment. This project will address the disenfranchised youth with their underemployment at the
basic but profound level as a kickstart. In addition, this project aims to provide a sustainable enterprising
operation system through which the project will achieve qualifies performance and profitability so that
the designed enterprising lifestyle can be independent from outside aid or helps and can continuously
provide working positions and working hours to customer segments. Nowadays, youth underemployment
has become a global issue with serious consequences.
1.5 NATURE AND TYPE OF STUDY
This project mainly includes two types of research methods: questionnaire and observation. Through
these two methods, the team could obtain awareness of the real situation and condition faced with refugee
youth, a small group of disenfranchised youth, and started to design the perfect solution to resolve
customers’ employment problems. By creating primary prototype, the team tested the expected outcome
through deeper and wider research and literature review.
1.6 RESEARCH QUESTIONS
The effectiveness of education platform upon issues of refugee youth underemployment. In this project,
the core uniqueness is determined by the effectiveness of the designed platform with the comparison of
existing platforms or organizations. The primary research questions will be divided into several secondary
research questions.
Secondary research question1: what existing education platforms or organizations and how do they
perform? This secondary research question aims to provide deep insight about the existing services
towards disenfranchised youth so that the team could have better understanding about the market.
Secondary research question2: what is the uniqueness of designed platform? This secondary research
question concerns mainly about the core value proposition this project can provide to customer segments.

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To achieve competitive advantages in the existing market, this project aims to provide unique services
towards our customer segments.
2.0 Research Methodology
2.1 Question-Hypothesis-Prediction-Test-support/not support
Question & Hypothesis
We use observation as our first methodology to investigate ‘whether a person with good English skills
and education/skill qualification will be helpful in his/her current job situation.’ Therefore, for the
question, we also assume about, ‘youth refugees can successfully maintain their work hours of the right
after our educational platform.’
Test Instruction:
Firstly, Investing ten professional HRs from different industries in Australia such as IT, Finance and
Manufacture. We adopt Skype phone call as the method in our mock interview process. In the same time,
we organized our student from our platform, and randomly choice 100 students. Commonly, job interview
used to adopt face-to-face. However, in order to test the significance of fluency English and ignored the
appearance of refugees, what young refugees should do is only use his/her language to touch Hrs.
Moreover, HRs need at least spend 10 minutes on each student. Interview content need focuses on
language expression. Besides, the interview content also includes the expression of activities experience
and skill/knowledge. Finally, evaluating an overall mark for each of students (criteria use percentage; Nil
to 100%; 50% means the student has 50 percent of probability to pass the interview successfully).
We will experiment twice, the first one is before students join in our educational platform; another is
when they finished the course which we offered. When we finished all of those experiments, then we can
compare the data whether our platform is useful. In order to be a successful test, we random the order of
student sample and offered offices independently to Hrs.

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Prediction & Conclusion
The first experiment（before they join in our course（: Students could not show a good English
performance and a good skill performance. Therefore, most of them could hardly pass the interview
(probability<50%).
The second experiment（After they finished course（: we predict that four probabilities could appear: a) 20
students of good English may have the probability of 50% to pass the interview. b) 20 students of
professional skills may have the probability of 55% to pass the interview. c) 30 students both have
excellent English skills and professional skills that would pass the interview with the probability of 60%.
d) The rest of 30 students may fail the interview because that they neither have good English nor
professional skills with the probability of 20%.
If the conclusion supports the hypothesis ‘youth refugees can successfully maintain their work hours of
the right after our educational platform’, then we could make the further prediction. For which if the test
not supports the hypothesis, then we need to revise the hypothesis and retest.

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2.2 Questionnaire
Through the questionnaire survey, we make a feedback on the basic situation of the educational platform
students. There are three main steps: Recording information, Integrating information and Analyzing data.
Questionnaires design
In the design of the questionnaire, we must first adjust the direction of the proposed:
1) What is the research topic?
Whether the English and Skills courses offered by the educational platform to the young refugees are
helpful to extend their work hours?
2) What information is necessary, and research related?
By the research topic, we narrowed the scope to young refugees in the educational platform and focus on
whether there is practical help about English and job skills training in the platform.
3) Who is the reader?
The main readers are young refugees and the staff of the platform.
4) What information is the reader interested to know?
Young refugees want to know whether the education platform is helpful to them, and the platform staff
would like to know what they need to change
Secondly, thinking about the way of asking questions.
1) Open (Could be any answers)
Example: Do you think the services provided by the education platform are effective in
improving your work hours?
2) Non-open (with the specified choice of answers)
Example: Which of the following word could describe your thought on the education
platform appropriately?
(a) reasonable (b) senseless (c) disappointing (d) perfect

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3) Sorting (according to the specified criteria to sort the answer)
Example: Who is the biggest beneficiary of the Education Platform Program? (Please refer
to the "best support".)
(a) Youth refugees (b) elder refugees (c) native (d) the government
4) Degree
Example: I agree with the establishment of the educational platform.
(5 on behalf of very agree, 1 on behalf of very disagree)
Sample size
From the theoretical
point of view, the more the better the respondents. However, from a practical point of view, the selection
of about 30 respondents is quite adequate. Half man and half woman attend this survey.
Execution
After designing the questionnaire, we first ask our colleagues, family or friends for "first test" (at least
three different people to test), and then we ask them for the questionnaire. We have made three revisions
until we are satisfied.
Integrating information
1) Describing the results of the survey
Example 1: Do you think the services provided by the education platform are effective in
improving your work hours?
Bana: “After receiving the training of the platform, I became much more open in the
supermarket, because I could understand some of the English, and I naturally participated in
Extremely
Agree
Agree Neutral Disagree Extremely
Disagree
1 2 3 4 5

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the conversation.”
Zeinah: “I think the educational platform is not working. This is totally wasting my time.”
Kamar: “I do not seriously consider this issue, I do not care about the work. I am happy
with wages what I have at moment.”
Example 2: Which of the following word could describe your thought on the education
platform appropriately?
(a) reasonable (b) senseless (c) disappointing (d) perfect
Thought Number and percentage
reasonable 10 / 33.3%
senseless 7 /23.33%
disappointing 8 /26.67%
perfect 5 /16.67%
Example 3: Who is the biggest beneficiary of the Education Platform Program? (Please
refer to the "best support".)
(a) youth refugees (b) elder refugees (c) native (d) The government
Beneficiary Number and percentage
Youth refugees 13 / 43.3%
Elder refugees 6 / 20%
Native 4 / 13.3%
The government 7 / 23.3%

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Example 4: I agree with the establishment of the educational platform.
(5 on behalf of very agree, 1 on behalf of very disagree)
Extremel
y
Agree
Agree Neutral Disagree Extremely
Disagree
1 2 3 4 5
Advice Number Mode Mean
Extremely
agree
10 Extremely
Agree (5)
10x5=50,8x4=32,1x3=3,5x2=10,6x1=6
(50+32+3+10+6)/30=3.37
On the whole, it is biased between agree and
neutral.
Agree 8
Neutral 1
Disagree 5
Extremely
disagree
6
Analyzing data

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3.0 Anticipated Results

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4.0 Recommendations

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5.0 Conclusion
In conclusion, this report is of great importance as far as youth empowerment is concerned. It is
good to note that many of refugees face a lot of challenges in their daily life. Therefore, the
Australian government need to enact ways to reduce the level of unemployment the refugee
camps at least to make them have a better living standards. The number of young people
searching for job opportunities is increasing at a high rate. Therefore the education system need
to provide relevant education to the youth so that they can secure good jobs so as to lower the
problem of youth unemployment and the issue of youth refugees in Australia and other parts of
the globe altogether.

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6.0 Reference
L Olliff - Sydney: Refugee Council of Australia, 2010 What works: employment strategies for refugee
and humanitarian entrants, available at:
https://www.refugeecouncil.org.au/docs/resources/reports/What_Works.pdf
V Colic-Peisker
F Tilbury – 2007 Refugees and employment: The effect of visible difference on discrimination, available
at: http://library.bsl.org.au/jspui/bitstream/1/811/1/Refugees%20and%20employment.pdf
Centre for Multicultural Youth 2011 Making it work: refugee young people employment available at:
http://www.cmy.net.au/sites/default/files/publication-documents/CMY%20Making%20it%20Work.pdf
Harrison, B., & Widjaja, TW 2014, the determinants of capital structure: Comparison between
before and after financial crisis. Economic Issues, Pearson press.
Valentine, S., Godkin, L., & Mandabach, K 2014, Ethical employment context and ethical decision-
making in hospitality organizations located in Mexico and the United States, Pearson
press

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7.0 Appendix