Causes and Solutions for Youth Unemployment in Developing Nations

This social research paper investigates the causes of youth unemployment in developing nations and suggests intervention strategies. It includes a literature review, proposed methodology, and ethical considerations.

Running head: SOCIAL RESEARCH PAPER
Social Research Methods
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author Notes

1SOCIAL RESEARCH PAPER
Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................2
Problem Statement.......................................................................................................................3
Research Aim...............................................................................................................................3
Research Questions......................................................................................................................3
Literature Review............................................................................................................................4
Causes of youth unemployment...................................................................................................4
Ways to avoid youth unemployment...........................................................................................6
Proposed Methodology....................................................................................................................8
Types of Research Strategy..........................................................................................................8
Data Collection............................................................................................................................9
Key ethical issues.........................................................................................................................9
Reference.......................................................................................................................................10

2SOCIAL RESEARCH PAPER
Introduction
Unemployment among youth is one of the major social issues of the modern global
economy. Any individual within the age group of 15 to 30 years, who have the educational and
physical capability to work, but still not involved any job activities that are paid is termed
unemployed. The youths account for nearly 70% of the total world's population and nearly 90%
of them are living in developing countries (Peacechild.org 2018). The multiple complex causes
are responsible for youth unemployment includes irregular system of education, in flexibility in
the labour market. Lack of technical skills among the youth is also one of the major issues that is
directly responsible for causing higher rate of unemployment.
Currently nearly 73 million youths are registered unemployed, most of them belonging to
the developing nations in the Asian and Africa. It is estimated that within the next ticket 600
million youths are expected to enter the job market. However, only 200 million seems to have
the technical capability to enter the awaiting job market (UN.org 2018). Hence, there will be a
huge gap in the total number of youth who will be directly employed in the service sector.
O’Reilly et al., (2015), have mentioned about the financial and economic crisis being one
of the major single cause of rising number of unemployment among youths in the developing
Nation. The recession during the period of 2009 enhance the existing problem of labour market
along with that of the education system. The qualities of the job sector including the security of
jobs among the young people are also subjects to risk due to the effect of unemployment. There
is also the issue of lack of capital, where youths, who want to start their own business are not
getting proper loan from the assistance of local banks.

3SOCIAL RESEARCH PAPER
Problem Statement
With the rise in global population, youths of the modern day are at risk of facing higher
level of unemployment. This is considered to be one of the major social issues of modern days.
Research Aim
The current research proposal aims to investigate the cause unemployment among youths
mostly within the developing nations and also suggest proper intervention strategies the can be
implemented for the future.
Research Questions
 What are the major causes for rise in unemployment among youth mostly in the
developing nations?
 How is the problem of unemployment amongst youth directly linked with other social
and economic issues of the nation?
 What are the possible economic and financial strategies that are implemented to deal with
the issue of youth unemployment?
Literature Review
Causes of youth unemployment

4SOCIAL RESEARCH PAPER
According to Dietrich and Möller (2016), from the theoretical perspective the growing
population in a global society intensifies the competition within the youths, in getting access to
proper educational resources. Hence, there is a direct relationship between population growth
and unemployment among youths. Indian population can be considered in order to understand
the exact cause of us within the society.
India is considered to be the generator of largest group of youths within the world. With
nearly two third of the population below the age of 35 year, the Indian population will have the
greatest potential in the world to contribute in the service sector. Nevertheless, the country is
suffering the consequences of lack of educational and skill making resources that are required to
generate the potential into economic growth. It is estimated that nearly 80% of the India youths
are currently working in self-employed or casual labour sector (Chigunta, 2017). The rapid rise
of Indian economy is also highly dependent upon the ability to generate potential of the youth in
service and manufacturing sector. The government in India has developed skill development
programme, which is aims to provide technical skills within the youth along with educational
qualification, which is highly required in the context of the modern day service sector.
According to the report of the International Labour Organisation in 2016, unequal
opportunities among different parts of the population are one of the major causes of rising youth
unemployment. In most part of the global society there is white discrimination among Young
women and men in the process of recruitment. In the year 2016 it has been reported that 53.9%
of the men opted for recruitment compact to 37.3% of young woman. This challenge is more
evident in Middle East Nations where female participation in the service and manufacturing
sector is quite low compared to any other country (Caliendo & Schmidl, 2016). The poor quality

5SOCIAL RESEARCH PAPER
of employment continues to be a major concern for all economists around the globe. This is
mainly due to the lack of job security that is more evident among the youth. The rapid changes in
the business and corporate sector, requires new type of skills within the workplace. As the
change process is taking place, youth are not able to cope up with the change in the skills and
workplace protocol that are being implemented. As mentioned by Junankar (2016), mitigation is
another important issue that are faced by the youth. Increased unemployment rate elevate the
susceptibility to working property and lack of sufficient opportunity with in the workplace and
career growth. The quality of the job is also compromise as they are forced to mitigate to other
parts of the globe.
Geographical factor also plays a major role as most of the young people residing in the
rural areas are not exposed to proper opportunity of skill development work. The lack of proper
educational infrastructure is also a geographical issue that is faced by the young people of the
rural areas. This issue is also linked with discrimination in the wages that are paid to the
unskilled workers. In most of the organisations, the wage depends on the educational background
and soft skills that are inherited. Weil et al.,(2017), have added about the issue of cultural and
social difference that is evident across several workplace of modern days. Due to the ethnic
difference of socially backward classes, the young people belonging to social minorities face
high level of discrimination at corporate workplace. In spite of strict measurement and issues
taken to minimise the discrimination, the modern young people of the minority section of the
society, face high levels of moral discrimination, which is regarded as a major de-motivating
factor for their career growth.
Hysteresis is a major issue that is encountered by most of the young people as they
remain unemployed for longer period. This demotivate them take up the extra initiative to inherit

6SOCIAL RESEARCH PAPER
new skills that are needed in the employment sector. Remaining unemployed for longer period
can also take away the willingness of the young people to deal with the stress of the workplace
and therefore they are not able to sustain in any job for longer period (Gregg, 2015).
Ways to avoid youth unemployment
The success rate of youth in the employment sector is highly dependent upon the
sustainability of education and soft skill development programme. Education is considered to be
the long term solution that can be implemented in the developing countries in order to deal with
future social issue of youth unemployment. In countries like India and Bangladesh, government
are aiming to reduce the cost of Higher Education and other soft skill development programme,
which can help to generate the potential within the youth in the manufacturing and service sector.
The type of education also needs to undergo significant change in order to deal with the rising
challenge of the future economy (Boot et al., 2016). In order to close the gap between the
employment and government sector, it is essential to change the protocol of modern education
system, which needs to have the nature of flexibility according to the changes in the society and
economic growth. Sutcliffe and Dhakal(2018), have added that one of the possible initiative
measures that can be taken include encouraging the young people to take up internship program,
which will help them to directly expose incorporate work life experience. High quality training
can also be given directly to the young people to stimulate their potential for future career
growth. It will also be possible for the young people to understand their job working potential
which will help them to build up upon their future career.
Hällsten et al., (2017), have suggested about the method of increasing entrepreneurship
among the youth of the modern society, which will help them to generate innovative ideas in the
form of opening business and start-ups. Government in the developing nation need to provide

7SOCIAL RESEARCH PAPER
proper ending in the form of bank loan to young people, which will encourage them to take up
the role of innovative entrepreneurs for making full use of their social skills. Ideas of business
operations also need to be incorporated among the young people that will drive them to take up
the initiative to contribute within the society in the form of creating job opportunities for the
future (Gregg, 2015). It is also essential to take proper care of the social Wellness program,
which aims to promote the young talent. This can also help to ensure proper valuation is given to
the young people depending upon their working potential and skills, which are ultimately needed
for the benefit of social economy. Proper educational model can be a part of the social Wellness
program that is initiated by the government to improve upon the education and soft skill
development background. The education centre can work in collaboration with corporate
industry in order to modernise their teaching process. Proper information also need to be
provided to the young students, which will help to shape the awareness level and general
knowledge in their working capability (Boot et al., 2016).
The growth of the small scale industry plays a significant role in employment of the
young people. In the developing countries, the small scale sector industry can also be a major
contributor in the economic growth, as the aim to incorporate higher level of talent and skills
within the young people. Small scale industry, with its high level of potential can be a perfect
learning experience for all young workers who have been an amount of job experience. There
can be also a tremendous potential in the employment within the NGOs, which can help the
young workers to prepare themselves for higher levels of challenge within the corporate sector.
Rising number of start-ups, in the developing Nation also provide equal growth opportunity for
nourishing the young talent.

8SOCIAL RESEARCH PAPER
Proposed Methodology
In order to provide a proper research methodology for given subject of unemployment in
youths, it is important for the investigators to focus on social issues that are directly linked with
the given research problem. Research methodology section will provide the blueprint for the
strategies and methods that will be followed for data collection and analysis.
Types of Research Strategy
Strategy of the research is chosen depending upon the research problem and objectives.
The major research strategy focuses upon data Collection process through survey and interview
(Bryman, 2015). The data is collected directly from the population among the young people
mostly in the developing nations in the form of case study analysis and surveys. There is also use
of extensive economic theories which will help to understand the underlying cause of
unemployment generation among the young people. Proper survey questionnaires are to be
incorporated within the research strategy, which will allow the investigators to directly interact
with young people.

9SOCIAL RESEARCH PAPER
Data Collection
The given research work the investigators will primarily focus upon primary data, which
will be collected from the survey work of young people who are facing unemployment issues in
the developing Nations. The survey questionnaires are framed accordingly to understand the
exact cause of unemployment issues and problem faced by the young people once they got
recruited in the corporate sector. Researchers will also focus of secondary data which will be
collected from case study analysis from economic and financial reports that are published by the
government. At least 100 youths will be selected as the sample size from the Asian and African
regions mostly in random basis to determine the level of unemployment.
Key ethical issues
As the given research work will deal with human subjects, it is important to follow
certain ethical standard. This includes taking proper consent from the survey participants before
collecting information in the form of survey (Denscombe, 2014). They also have to take proper
consent from the government bodies as they are aiming to seek information from the published
government resources and financial report.

10SOCIAL RESEARCH PAPER
Reference
Boot, N., Wilson, K. E., & Wolff, G. B. (2016). Youth unemployment in the Mediterranean
region and its long-term implications. Seven Years after the Crisis: Intersecting
Perspectives, 15.
Bryman, A. (2015). Social research methods. Oxford university press.
Caliendo, M., &Schmidl, R. (2016). Youth unemployment and active labor market policies in
Europe. IZA Journal of Labor Policy, 5(1), 1.
Chigunta, F. (2017). Entrepreneurship as a Possible Solution to Youth Unemployment in Africa.
Laboring and Learning, 433-451.
Denscombe, M. (2014). The good research guide: for small-scale social research projects.
McGraw-Hill Education (UK).
Dietrich, H., &Möller, J. (2016). Youth unemployment in Europe–business cycle and
institutional effects. International Economics and Economic Policy, 13(1), 5-25.
UN.org (2018). Office of the Secretary-General’s Envoy on Youth. Retrieved 18 April 2018,
from https://www.un.org/youthenvoy/2016/08/global-youth-unemployment-rise/
Gregg, P. (2015). Youth unemployment in the UK: Cyclical fluctuations and the struggle for
structural reform. No Country for Young People, 65-76.
Hällsten, M., Edling, C., &Rydgren, J. (2017). Social capital, friendship networks, and youth
unemployment. Social science research, 61, 234-250.
Junankar, P. R. (Ed.). (2016). Economics of the Labour Market: Unemployment, Long-Term
Unemployment and the Costs of Unemployment. Springer.

11SOCIAL RESEARCH PAPER
O’Reilly, J., Eichhorst, W., Gábos, A., Hadjivassiliou, K., Lain, D., Leschke, J., ...& Russell, H.
(2015). Five characteristics of youth unemployment in Europe: Flexibility, education,
migration, family legacies, and EU policy. Sage Open, 5(1), 2158244015574962.
Sutcliffe, J. E., &Dhakal, S. P. (2018). Youth unemployment amidst aged care workers shortages
in Australia: why care about the millennials?.Equality, Diversity and Inclusion: An
International Journal, 37(2), 182-198.
Weil, S. W., Wildemeersch, D., & Percy-Smith, B. (2017). Unemployed youth and social
exclusion in Europe: learning for inclusion?.Routledge.
Peacechild.org (2018). Peace Child International. Retrieved 18 April 2018, from
https://peacechild.org/youth-unemployment-causes-and-solutions/