Comprehensive Research Report: 3D Shapes and Fabric Manipulation

This report delves into the realm of 3D shapes and fabric manipulation, focusing on its application and market within the context of Saudi Arabia. It begins with an acknowledgment of the instructor and parents, followed by an abstract that outlines the paper's objectives, which include analyzing fabric manipulation techniques, exploring design concepts, and assessing the market for these techniques in Saudi Arabia. The introduction details the report's concept and research questions. A literature review provides a historical background of 3D shapes and fabric manipulation in fashion and other industries, exploring how and where these techniques originated and highlighting designers who have used them. The report also outlines research questions, methodology, methods, and tools used for the research. The discussion section includes market research insights specific to Saudi Arabia, and the report then presents its results, discusses challenges, offers recommendations, and concludes with a summary of the findings. The report covers various fabric manipulation techniques like smocking, trapunto and shirring. The target market for the 3D shapes and Fabric Manipulation in Saudi Arabia is also analyzed.

Running head: 3D SHAPES AND FABRIC MANIPULATION 1
3D shapes and Fabric Manipulation
Student’s Name
Institution Affiliation
December 16, 2018

3D SHAPES AND FABRIC MANIPULATION 2
Acknowledgment
This research has been supervised by Reham, the instructor, who I thank so much for the
insight, knowledge, and skills taught to me. Additionally, she was dedicated and shared her
pearls of fundamental wisdom throughout the entire course. My parents have also done an
incredible job of raising me and leading me through the right spiritual path throughout my life. I
am so glad to have them in my life. Their company and inspiration kept me pressing on towards
the completion of my course units and this research paper.

3D SHAPES AND FABRIC MANIPULATION 3
Abstract
This paper is aimed at analyzing the 3D shapes and fabric manipulation, including its
market research in the Saudi Arabian context. The paper provides an outline of examples or
techniques of fabric manipulation while also providing exploratory data concerning the current
design concepts of interlinking the yarn interlope. The research was done after reviewing
relevant sources of literature that depict fundamental materials and advancements that apply
composite fabrics, weaving, meshing and sewing. In this paper, various materials and tools used
to preform different strategies are applied in fundamental applications, whereby their qualities
and abilities are analyzed. The 3D and fabric manipulation concept is applied in various
industries like aviation, car and engineering sectors. This paper also analyzes the utility of the
weaving technology for a preforms, which has is widely used due to its structural forming and
adaptability. Lastly, this paper presents the challenges and recommendation of the design
concept.
Keywords: 3D Shapes, Weaving, Textile Composites, Textile Preforms, Fabric Manipulation

3D SHAPES AND FABRIC MANIPULATION 4
Table of Contents
Acknowledgment.................................................................................................................2
Abstract................................................................................................................................3
Introduction..........................................................................................................................5
Literature Review................................................................................................................5
Research Questions..............................................................................................................9
Methods Tools.....................................................................................................................9
Discussion..........................................................................................................................10
Results................................................................................................................................11
Challenges......................................................................................................................11
Recommendations..........................................................................................................12
Conclusion.........................................................................................................................12
References..........................................................................................................................13

3D SHAPES AND FABRIC MANIPULATION 5
Introduction
The 3D and fabric manipulation structures formed from different material procedures are
broadly used in different industries. The use of this manipulation is efficient since it is
characterized by unmistakable properties like the traditional textile materials. The most
imperative application area of 3D materials, by its design context, is the composite industry,
where they are utilized as support materials mixed with a few lattices to make material auxiliary
composites. By looking at the mold and structure industry in Saudi Arabia, the exploration was
utilized to assess three critical research questions:
 What is the history of 3D and Fabric Manipulation in the Saudi Arabia Market
 Who are the current Saudi Arabian designers and what concept do they use?
 What are the challenges of the 3D Shapes and Fabric Manipulation?
 How is the target market (age 20 until 35) for the 3D shapes and Fabric Manipulation in
Saudi Arabia?
Literature Review
Nader & Dagher (2011) argues that woven fabrics created are generally two-dimensional
(2D). Nevertheless, in genuine utilization of fabrics, in most textile industries, they are required
in 3D shapes, e.g. types of clothing like pants or a shirt are 3D frames. In this way, the client
additionally might be specialized. Making-up is a broadly utilized technique for creating 3D
shapes from 2D woven fabrics as analyzed by Wan & Stylios (2013). Nevertheless, this

3D SHAPES AND FABRIC MANIPULATION 6
technique has a few confinements. Subsequently, different arrangements are considered to
overlook certain regulations.
Improvements to this path were started towards the start of the twentieth century. In this,
a rounded twofold material is woven on a van linger with jacquard shedding. As the weaving
continues, closes are dynamically disposed of from partaking in weaving. The weft is embedded
in type of a winding. As finishes are logically disposed of, say along a bend, the viable width of
fabric continues diminishing (Wonmo, 2011). On opening such development, a 3D shape is
framed. The shape so framed is free from creases yet twist strings, which are wiped out, are to be
cut in this manner. Some non-consistency can be normal at this place. Numerous model
machines were created and could weave different 3D shapes like caps, radome fabrics, perform
for caps and so forth.
Meng, Fan & Liu (2011) debate that, the historical backdrop of materials in engineering
is exceptionally old. With the historical backdrop of human traveler societies, the compact
abiding was a key to survival. Tents are a prime case of vernacular engineering (Issett,
2007). Light structures are a major piece of this. Tents are the main kind of abodes utilizing
material as a cover. The esteemed characteristics of this contemporary design are the gentility,
adaptability, contemporaneity, and movability. At the point when the itinerant way of life
develops littler progressively strong abodes emerged. In addition, the utilization of material
abatements as a façade turns into a below average material
Fit as a fiddle, weaving-wanted consistent 3D shapes are specifically woven on linger.
According to Fetfatsidis, Jauffrès, Sherwood & Chen (2011), the structure delivered is consistent

3D SHAPES AND FABRIC MANIPULATION 7
and there is no need of thread cutting. Improvement of weaving machine for shape weaving
started toward the start of the 1990s at the Aachen University in Germany. From that point
forward, this innovation is under persistent advancement. Radical changes are achieved in
shedding, beat up, take up and different movements on a blade-weaving machine in which twist
is bolstered through a creel. Jacquard shedding is utilized to choose interlacement so that it helps
shape development.
Numerous shapes are woven having application begun in the aeronautical building, car
designing, and clothes enterprises (Fetfatsidis et al., 2011). Later transport weaving machines
were likewise created to create remarkable cylindrical structures and additionally consistent
articles of clothing. Despite the fact that van weaving, innovation is universally considered as a
'Solidified Technology', the main picking framework gives consistent weft addition. In this way
in weaving rounded structures or structures dependent on cylindrical structures, there is no other
preferable alternative over transport weaving.
Among the examples and techniques of fabric manipulation: smocking, trapunto and
shirring are those used by current designers. Smocking: Smocking is an Anglo-Saxon word with
starting points following to enhancements utilized on early worker apparel (Baki, 2004). This
strategy for fabric manipulation utilizes sewing to accumulate fabric, making regions of strain
and discharge in a sculptural impact. Consider it raised zones on the fabric that may look like
cylinders, squares, or pinwheels. In the previous couple of seasons, there have been some
incredible instances of creators taking genuinely antiquated and dated methods and utilizing
those concerning increasingly contemporary accumulations. In the ongoing Spring-Summer,
2012 accumulation for Miu Miuccia Prada has improved the smocking strategy on cotton and

3D SHAPES AND FABRIC MANIPULATION 8
silk dresses and capes and even expanded the method into the frivolity on handbags (Aichner &
Shaltoni, 2018). The essential tasteful of smocking may look recognizable for its application on
various varieties of clothing or on the customary laborers' frocks that were the first utilization of
the system. Smocking would have been most critical at once before flexible, to enable the fabric
to be accumulated and fitted around neck areas and sleeves.
Trapunto: Trapunto began in fourteenth-century Sicily. The term trapunto originates from
the Italian word for 'to stitch.' Trapunto, at times called stuffed work, is a strategy for knitting
that utilizes something like two layers of fabric and cushioning. Initial, a structure is sketched out
in sewing. The method itself is tedious and sensitive, and with the creations of new fabrics and
stitching systems, Trapunto lost its gloss at the last 50% of the century, however it held its place
as a method for design and home goods in Saudi Arabia and flourished during the 1800s
(Kawahito, 2007). Today trapunto weaving is for the most part drilled as an interest that is
appreciated by fans all around the globe. A few planners have utilized this procedure past design
and home, and it has even turned into a vehicle of artisanship (Xu, 2012). The first preliminaries
with Trapunto included cotton fabric loaded down with batting or even different fabrics. Today
we stuff our calfskin skins with cotton line, plumes, nylon, and even round diamonds and stones.
We have made our very own mark style of trapunto motivated by African Scarification.
Shirring: Shirring is a technique for the get-together material, including at least two
parallel-sewed lines to make a feeling of wavy measurement. This tends to be finished using
normal or flexible string with examples that include crisscrosses or waffle designs. The BEST
method to keep your columns of join splendidly straight is to utilize a fabric pen and draw
straight lines the distance over your piece of clothing where you require your sewing and line

3D SHAPES AND FABRIC MANIPULATION 9
specifically on those lines (Pourhiet et al., 2012). I draw the majority of my sewing lines at one
time before I begin.
Research Questions
 What is the history of 3D and Fabric Manipulation in the Saudi Arabia Market
 Who are the current Saudi Arabian designers and what concept do they use?
 What are the challenges of the 3D Shapes and Fabric Manipulation?
 How is the target market (age 20 until 35) for the 3D shapes and Fabric Manipulation in
Saudi Arabia?
Methods Tools
 Twisting gadget: this was used to enable twisting, which might allow the interlocking of
the yarns between wail courses and parallel stitches. The gadget and method was
evaluated based on the assumption of the sewing machine, which has not been initially
changed into an electronic one. The tool enabled the management of units, which were
used to maintain the twists’ trims in its right position.
 The twist yarns: This tool is fundamental and used in the machine side due to its shut-
carriage boxing and parallel twist using a needle. This is done to the needle bed before
being transferred downward to the weaving region.
 Glass fibre: This tool is characterized with its 0.65 N/Textile quality of breakage. It is the
best tool that favors the trim yarn and ground-sewing yarns since it requires less effort to
use. Moreover, it can be accessed with ease and has a proper mechanical properties –
especially its inextensibility

3D SHAPES AND FABRIC MANIPULATION 10
Discussion
Saudi Arabia, in this way, gives a decent chance to look into around there. Research on
Saudi customers, however constrained, has uncovered that they burn through 10% of their
transfer salary to purchase worldwide design items. Saudi market has seen an extreme utilization
inclination as of late, particularly in design items. Ladies and the more youthful age's dress have
turned out to be more westernized. Additionally, white-collar class purchasers are worldwide
design brand cognizant. Besides, Saudi Arabia is a vast nation (870,000 sq. miles; the biggest
nation in ME), so it has a rich cluster of way of life and logical contrasts between its nearby
districts (Mendes et al., 2018). Jeddah, for instance, in the western Saudi locale is more open to
outside societies than Riyadh, in the North.
Motivated by the brilliant setting sun over the Middle East through is textural and
unfathomable deserts, this fabric manipulation speaks to an Avant-garde approach towards the
conventional Arabic twisted carpets. To make the extravagance and extravagance feel of an
Arabic carpet in this fabric manipulation, Lei & Mooney (2010) began off by coloring grayish
denim into copied orange shading. Lee (2016) at that point included eyelets all through the
surface. The analysis at that point framed a theoretical geometrical example on the fabric through
threading the weaving strings between various eyelets. To complete this manipulation off, it was
necessary to include much progressively heavenly surfaces the fabric, I sewed metal seed dots in
vertical lines, to produce a brazen impact. The fabric on this surface was woven to reproduce the
Arabic pattern window boards utilized all through the verifiable mosques and royal residences.

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According to the analysis conducted by Sarac, Stepanovic, Demboski & Petrovic, (2015),
the target market (from the age of 20 to 35) is around 60% of the entire Saudi Arabian populace
(advertise fragment, district) in age gatherings. The information depends on Statista's Global
Consumer Survey. Different Key Market Indicators give a review of the statistic, monetary and
innovative advancement of the chose locale dependent on general KPIs. The count of Statista's
Market Outlook depends on an unpredictable market-driver rationale including more than 400
area explicit informational indexes.
The textile sector in Saudi Arabia is relatively large, a retail-deal industry due to its worth
application of 9.7 US dollars as at 2011 (Aichner & Shaltoni, 2018). Considering the population
aged between 20 to 35 years, the market characterized by this gender continues to increase by
6% per year. According to Yang, Feng & Wang (2012), the dressing code preference for 3D
product occupies about 45% of the entire Saudi Arabian apparel market. Despite the fact that the
female gender needs to put on the ‘Abaya1’, the clothing are normal bought for private dressing
or in conditions that are specified for women.
Results
Challenges
This innovation is basic and completely created. In any case, some far from being
obviously true viewpoints identified with making-up are
 High work cost, quality inadequacies of visual and specialized nature

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 A vast number of potential wellsprings of deformities in lay arranging, cutting and
sewing, least process durations because of high physical work content and the simplicity
with which the innovation can be moved
 Reproducibility is additionally a noteworthy issue as human tangible framework can give
better reproducibility when work process duration is least, which is hard to accomplish in
genuine practice
Recommendations
In reference to the research conducted by Maru, Nagashima, Kanai & Nishimatsu (2017),
it is recommended that the yarns in fabric manipulations should be considered as a critical part in
the future weaving technology. This initiative will also consider the preforms that are featured in
all the 3D shapes, which will be delivered in the supportive yarns. The research also reveals that
stitching yarns’ presentation and fabric content enhances certain ductile properties. Due to this
fact, further analysis and research is relevant for the empowerment of fabric structures that will
content with plaited and woven materials for a composite application.
Conclusion
In conclusion, this paper has presented the history of 3D shapes and fabric manipulation
and its relevance in the Saudi Arabian market. Processes evident in the textile industry are
relevant in technical procedures, which are speculated to grow and enhance product quality that
contrast with the plastic and metal materials. An overview of different fabric manipulation
example and techniques, which produce the desired 3D structures for the composite analysis, has