49004 Systems Engineering for Managers: Public Hospital Analysis

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of a public hospital as a system, focusing on key stakeholders such as board members, government entities, physicians, patients, and suppliers, and their respective perspectives. It identifies the system's purpose from each stakeholder's viewpoint and presents these as a set of requirements. The report includes a context diagram illustrating the hospital's interfaces and system boundaries, as well as an exploration of various subsystems like the reception management system and other management systems. Furthermore, it examines stakeholders in a private hospital setting, including owners, financiers and interested parties, and discusses the constraints these stakeholders may impose on the system. The emergence of cloud computing in reception management is also discussed. The document concludes with reflections on key systemic issues, emphasizing the diverse perspectives of stakeholders and the importance of considering these viewpoints in system design and management. Desklib offers a platform for students to access this and other solved assignments for educational purposes.

Running head: SYSTEM MANAGEMENT 1
System engineering for managers
Name
Institutional affiliation

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Table of Contents
Introduction................................................................................................................................3
The key stakeholders of the system...........................................................................................4
Subsystems of a Hospital management system..........................................................................4
Reception management system..................................................................................................4
Emergence of Reception management system...........................................................................5
Constraints of the new stakeholders...........................................................................................5
Reflection on key systemic issues succinctly stated..................................................................6
References..................................................................................................................................7

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Systems engineering
Introduction
A system can be defined as a collection of components or elements that are put
together for a common purpose. The word system can be used to describe a plan in an
organization or an organization itself. System engineering in management is a field of
management that aims at effective management of assets and resources allocated in a system.
In any system, implementation, in requires the coordination of the management and the
technical players. Management in any system provides the planning, collaborative
environment, organizational structure and the program controls system engineering in
management aims at ensuring success in a system. It focuses on: scoping and defining
customer needs, application of system specification progressively in a hierarchy while at the
same time involving all sub-systems and continuous release, configuration, and change of the
interface, sub-systems and the whole system.
This paper seeks to look at the basic concepts of systems and systems engineering in
management. The system to be considered is a public hospital. A hospital has many systems
when looked from different points of view (Sullivan, 2007). At one point a hospital can be
considered as a system comprising of the physical building, it can be considered as a system
of interacting staff. A system of complex logistics and as a system of treating patients. In this
paper, the public hospital is looked like a system of treating patients. The hospital serves the
population of a city. The hospital which is run by the government has many suppliers who
supply its various needs. The hospital provides its services to the residents of the city either at
nominal charges or free of charge. The services provided include ambulances services,
diagnostic and surgical services, outpatient services, emergency services and all the ancillary
administrative services.

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The key stakeholders of the system
Stakeholders in a health facility can be defined as entities in the health facility or the
hospital environment that play a role in the facility performance or other entities that are
affected by an action taken in the operations within the hospital (Sullivan, 2007).
Stakeholders can also be groups or Persons have interest in the clinical services in the
hospital. Stakeholders in a public hospital can be categorized into two main groups: external
stakeholders and internal stakeholders (Bourlard, 2014).
Some the key stakeholders in public hospital include:
Stakeholder Perspective of the
stakeholder towards the
system
Internal
stakeholders
Board members The board of members view themselves as
having the sole responsibility to ensure that the
system runs smoothly
They carry the sole responsibility of ensuring
that
 They recruit, retain, supervise and
compensate the general manager.
 They understand that it is their role to
provide direction in the running of the
hospital.
 Develop a system that helps in
governing the hospital system.
 They understand that they have a
responsibility to protect the assets of
the hospital.
 They control and monitor functions in
the hospital.
 Board of members also perceive the
hospital as a source of income as they
get income from the government by
running the facility effectively
Government The government has the role to contribute
funding to the hospital so as to ensure that all
citizens have an access to free, affordable and
quality health services. The government thus

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perceive the hospital as an avenue through
which its objectives are met.
The government also perceive the hospital as a
source of employment to many people who
work in the facility thus helping in reducing
unemployment in the country.
Key physicians They include: registered nurses, dentist and
pharmacist. They perceive the hospital as they
place of work. They take the hospital as their
employer.
They also perceive the hospital as a point that
helps them use their expertise to save lives
External
stakeholders
Patients They perceive the hospital system as a facility
of improving their lives. They understand that
the facility is run by the government and they
should go seek all kind of treatment at no
charge or at a nominal charge
suppliers They take the hospital as a partner in business.
Suppliers make profits when they supply
different kind of goods and they are paid by the
government.
Special interested groups Special interest groups include human rights
groups and Non-government organizations.
These groups have a role to ensure that the
government provides its citizens with quality
affordable health. They thus perceive the
hospital as an avenue through which this is
possible.
Figure 1: stakeholders with their perception toward the system

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Figure 2: Hospital management context diagram
Subsystems of a Hospital management system
A Subsystem can be defined as a complete system on its own.This means that whole
system consists of subsystems of element or subsystems or parts. A hospital management
system is a complex system that is made up of many subsystems that provide some services.
Some the common subsystems in a public hospital include 1. Reception management system
(Heagle, Heagle, Stowe, & (Association), 2005), 2. Transaction processing management
system 3. Report management system 4. Decision support management system 5. Office
information management system 6. An integrated information management system.

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Figure 3: A high level hierarchy diagram
Reception management system
Hospital Reception module supports many duties of a receptionist. A hospital
receptionist help in both back- and front-office duties (Heagle, Heagle, Stowe, &
(Association), 2005), this means that they need and should have the ability to interact with
both the patients, healthcare professionals and visitors who visit the facility from time to
time. One of the most fundamental roles of the receptionist in a health facility is to greet the
patients and vendors. Other than this, the receptionist will be required to schedule
appointments, respond to emails and answer phones. Medical receptionists in the hospital will
also be required to be organized and know computer, the subsystem should be able to
Board of management
Support
services
Transport
House keeping
Dietary
Central supply
maintenance
Diagnostic services
Neurology
ER
Radioloy
Cardiology
Med. lab
Nuclear medicine
Information services
Health education
Medical records
Admissions
Billing
Computer information
Human resource
Therapeutic
PT.OT
Speech
Resp. Therapy
Pharmacy
Nursing
Dietary
Administration

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maintain databases and spreadsheets, and they also need to be competent in filing paperwork
and patient charts. Other duties expected of this subsystem to the hospital include
 Keeping the inventory of all goods supplied and help in ordering stock
 Filling insurance forms
 Handling x-rays and lab work
 Preparing bills
 The emergence of Reception management system
For the reception management system (subsystem) to make a useful contribution to
the extensive hospital management system and thus ensure effective delivery of services to
other stakeholders, the required emergence of this subsystem would be the introduction of
cloud computing. Cloud computing allows an organization to streamline and improve all kind
of processes. Introduction of cloud computing in reception management system will enable
the hospital to optimize all its processes starting from project management, information
backup to data organization (Heagle, Heagle, Stowe, & (Association), 2005).
Stakeholders Perception towards the
private hospital
Owners They are the sole decision makers in the
hospital
They may or may not employee hire the
management
Government The government see the hospital as a
facility of helping in improving health
services in the country
the hospitals becomes the source of
revenue to the government
the government perceives the hospital
as an employer to many of its citizen
thus help in solving unemployment
Patients Patients perceive the hospital as a
facility of improving their health.
Despite the high charges, many people
tend to perceive private hospital as
providing better services those public
hospitals.
Suppliers The suppliers perceive the hospital as a
business partner. By making supplies to
the hospital, the suppliers make huge

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profits. They prefer private hospital than
public as they are no huge bureaucracy
involved in making payments
Financiers They perceive the hospital as a business
partner as they provide financial
assistance in form of capital for
development and acquiring materials
and gain income inform of interest.
Interested parties They perceive the hospital as an avenue
where citizen will get an access to
quality health. They have a role to
ensure that the services are of high
quality.
Key health professionals They perceive the hospital as their
employer and a platform of them
delivering quality services to the
citizens thus saving lives.
Figure 4: Stakeholders with their perceptions toward a private hospital
Constraints of the new stakeholders
In most cases, every stakeholder in the system benefits from the system in one way or
the other. Every stakeholder thus may impose constraints that are meant to ensure that they
benefit the most (Chase, 2003). The following are the constraints that the stakeholders may
impose to the private hospital to ensure that they draw maximum benefits.
Owners: the main reason for any entrepreneur investing his or her money in any project is to
make profits. The owners of the hospital may reduce their spending on the project thus
affecting its operations. The relationship between owners and other workers, patients seeking
health services and all other stakeholders can have advanced effects on the system.
Financiers: The financiers of any business such as financial institutions which provide
loans to business hold the destiny of the business. The amounts of money the financiers
decide to offer to a business determine the size of the business. The fate of the business also
lies in the hands of the financiers until the initial amount given to the business is fully paid to
the financial institutions. The financiers thus have a role in the running of the system until
they get their money back.
Reflection on key systemic issues succinctly stated

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The paper looked at the key stakeholders of a public hospital that is run by the
government. The stakeholder is; the board of management that is liable for the overall
running of the system. The government which is the service provider and thus should ensure
that the hospital is run effectively by providing financing. Other stakeholders include; the
patients, health professionals, interested parties and the suppliers
The perception of each stakeholder on the system
 Different stakeholders look at a system from a different point of view. While the
physicians look at the system as their employer, the patients see the system as a
blessing to good health. On the other hand, to the suppliers, the system is a partner in
their business.
 Context diagram for the hospital. The context diagram indicate all the key interfaces
and the system boundary
 Some of the subsystems of the system, these subsystems include: Reception system,
Transaction processing management system, Report management system, Decision
support management system, Office information management system, Integrated
information management system
 Stakeholders in a private hospital system: owners, government, suppliers, patients,
financiers and interested parties.
 Constraints that the new stakeholders may impose on the operations a private hospital
system. For the owners, reduced spending on the system may affect the operations.
Owners' relationship with other stakeholders may also have an impact on the smooth
running of the system. Financiers also can affect the operations of the system as they
provide capital that they have to pay back with interest.

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11
References
Bourlard, H. (2014). Multimodal Interactive Systems Management. EFPL Press.
Chase, R. O. (2003). An introduction to Spanish for health care workers. New Haven, Conn.:
Yale University Press,.
Heagle, C., Heagle, R., Stowe, J., & (Association), L. (2005). Receptionist training manual.
Guelph, Ont.: Lifelearn,.
Sullivan, C. F. (2007). Health care food service systems management . Gaithersburg, Md.:
Aspen Publishers,.