Organizational Behavior: Analyzing 4Com plc's Performance and Culture

This report provides an in-depth analysis of the organizational behavior within 4Com plc, a UK-based data communications and voice services provider. The report examines the impact of culture, power dynamics, and organizational politics on individual and team performance. It explores different types of organizational culture, including role, power, task, and person cultures, and how these influence employee behavior. The analysis further delves into various forms of power, such as coercive, reward, legitimate, expert, and referent power, and their effects on motivation and productivity. The report also investigates the application of motivational theories, specifically content theories like Maslow's hierarchy of needs and Herzberg's two-factor theory, to enhance employee engagement. Furthermore, the report differentiates between effective and ineffective teams and discusses the positive and negative impacts of organizational behavior concepts on business operations. The conclusion highlights the importance of understanding and managing organizational behavior to achieve business objectives and foster a positive work environment.

ORGANISATION
BEHAVIOUR

INTRODUCTION
Organisation behaviour is field of management study of employees working in business
environment and it also examine interaction between them. It identifies impact of individuals,
structure and teams on the behaviour of organisation which helps firms to manage employees
effectively and efficiently (Christina and et. al., 2014). 4Com plc introduced in 1999 which
provides services related to data communications and telephonic voice in the market of UK. In
this assignment, evaluation will be done that how individuals and team performance is affected
by organisation's power, culture and politics. Analysis will be included that how in achieving
organisational objectives motivational theories and techniques are effective. This report will also
included difference between effective and ineffective teams in an business organisation. In the
last, concepts and philosophies of organisation behaviour along with its positive and negative
impact on business and its operations will also be covered.
TASK 1
P1
Business organisation is a physical environment in which individuals work together to
achieve common goal with integrated efforts. It is the study which defines that how structure,
individual person and teams impacts business and its processes. Such company consider as one
of the best services provider company that gives data and voice services to customers. AS it
provides attractive services which influences internal and external decisions of an organization.
This section will show impact of teams and individuals behaviour on 4com Plc's power, culture
and politics:
Culture: It is the set of different types of values and behaviours that contributes to the
social and psychological environment of a business. Every person or business belongs to a
different culture that helps to understand the different behaviour (Sailer, 2010). This is the
combination of behaviour, values and visions which builds environment of organisation and
impact behaviour of employees in working towards attaining business objectives and goals. It
influences the team and individual behaviour for example, good culture of organisation attarct
the individual and team to work properly and make efforts to accomplish the business objectives.
If culture is not good then individual do not feel good and creates conflicts between them duw to
which team cannot perform better. In regards of 4Com plc, the management are using Handy's
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model in order to accept the different organizational culture which influences culture of
respective company that are as given:
Role Culture: Such culture is characterised in assigning roles and responsibilities
according to experience, interest, education and knowledge so that their performance can be
enhanced. For example, In case of 4Com plc, this culture will make employees accountable for
their own performance which in turn motivated them to be effective. Such level of culture is
essential for increasing performance of the individual people and team work and turn it
beneficial for 4Com Plc firm.
Power Culture: Such culture depicts that power are centralised in just few hands or at
management level. Such culture is having strict rules, regulations & norms and there is no
participation from employees in decision making (Yunus and et. al., 2010). For example, 4Com
plc, this will create negative impact on individuals behaviour as management will not consider
employee ideas and suggestions. Such type of culture is capable to show its positive impact for
short duration, but its impact can be lies in form of bad outcomes.
Task Culture: This culture emphasis on forming teams and achieving objectives so that
issues can be addressed effectively. This will improve productivity of 4Com Plc's teams as they
will be responsible for their performance. Such culture is having ability to rise skills and
exposure of an employees working around 4Com Plc., to determine long term targets and
achieves it.
Person Culture: Such organisation culture states that employees are the part of
organization who helps to perform all business activities in order to achieve business goals and
maintain profitability. For example, 4Com plc, accepting this type of culture then working
environment will be negative and there will be less productivity. Impact would probably be
negative and forced person to employee to show negative among the culture.
4Com Plc uses task culture within their environment to allocates task and work which
suits an individual ability and thus capability to fulfil organisational goals or objectives. Such
culture is important to show positivity among organisational aspects or effectiveness.
Organisational power: It is termed as influences which can be arrives in both right or
wrong way. For example, The management of 4 Com plc has power to make right decision that
for the purpose of improving their performance and increases productivity which influences
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individual and team behaviour. There are different types of power in 4 Com Plc which focus on
goals and its impacts needs to be explained:
Coercive Power:This power contained pressure, threat and physical harassment to do
work against of their will that creates stressed between employees. For example, employer of 4
Com Plc analysis the work performance to gives unfair punishment to employees that is illegal
that influences individual and team behaviour negatively and thay can make decision to leave the
organisation. Such power organisation has become a cage with traitors. Moreover, impact of
such power is threat for employees of the 4Com Plc to perform and achieves business goals.
Reward power: This power contains incentives, reward, bonus, promotion, perks, new
project or training are consider as tool to influence people within business firm. For example,
reward power helps 4 Com Plc to increase the motivation and self interest to work perfectly
which influences individual and team behaviour and they work positively. It is the best method
to attracts employees and motivate them to work properly. Impact of the reward power is mainly
positive to rise performance of an employee and build & achieves productive results.
Legitimate power: Such power is used by employees when they have position or
authority to make decisions. It is provides by employers to complete the special projects by
giving good position in their organisation. For instance, the management of 4 Com Plc provides
legitimate power to employees that helps to complete the goals and attain profits. It is provided
for short period (Unsworth, 2013) inn which targets can be complete by making decisions. It is a
kind of contract based power for some specific purpose or time. Impact of the legitimate power
is due for shorter time period, in which consequences, either positive or negative will be last for
shorter period of time.
Expert power: Such power consider skills, abilities, competencies and traits of an
individual that helps to complete the work in perfect manner. Such power involves experiences
in work and maintain business activities efficiently. For example, power uses by 4 Com Plc to
influences individuals and team in order to perform work in organised manner by using their
expertises. The impact of such power has ability to achieves targets and goals and brings
positivism among manpower of the firm.
Referent power: Such power refers and comes with increasing networking of individual
outside of organisation that works collectively in order to accomplish business goals. Such power
is important to build chain of an individual and group of people to be co-operative at time of
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achieving business objectives. For example, Impact of such power on 4 Com PLc is co-operative
and enables one to contribute in success of individual goals and also team work.
After an entire analysis, it has been realised that 4Com plc., uses reward power in their
firm to creates positive and sources working to attain business profits and revenues. With reward,
people of the 4Com Plc., would easily be motivated to perform higher and higher.
Politics: Politics is defined as influence which enables people within any space to brings
down work in form of results or goals of the business. It is also known as office politics or say
workplace politics. It is the use of power and networking to accomplish changes that benefits the
business or an individual within any firm. Also, influences of an individual may serve personal
interests without regard to their effect onto an organisational itself.
It has been analysed that politics influences team performance and behaviour for example 4Com
Plc is uses power culture where staff members play politics to get the support of decision maker
or manager to for the purpose of securing their job which processed to jealousy in team that
influence negatively. Due to politics the performance of organisation reduced and also create
conflicts which also affect behaviour. 4Com Plc uses high ground politics which helps them to
describe rules, guidelines and policies at the larger scale.
M1
Organisation culture, power and politics consider as internal environment which are
important for running a business successfully. It impacts positively and negatively on business
performance by using different culture and politics. 4 Com Plc is focusing on referent power that
is influencing and impacting positively on business performance. If organisation uses role of
power that consider coercion and threat which can impacts negatively on business performance
such as conflicts and stress can be arises and goals cannot be achieved by organisation. Politics
and negative power are major threat of organisation that reduce the productivity and profitability.
Thus, 4 Com Plc is using referent power in which skilled employees understand the goals and
make efforts to accomplish them effectively.
TASK 2
P2
Motivation is the kind of encouragement, which in reality comes out of certain activities
or task done to set organisational or individual to be achieves at a longer basis. In layman words,
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motivation is mainly achieves, when someone's needs is already fulfilled and that person wishes
to pursues its own work. It is useful to increase ability & capability of the person, who is already
assigned common goals (Alfes and et. al., 2013). Motivation is the drive that actually forces an
individual to work in the certain work. Also, its a kind of energy that pushes person to work hard
to accomplishes its goals or targets. In context with business firm, it covers two types of
motivational theories such as the content and process theories of motivation. On one hand,
content theory is based on needs/wants of the person and process theory focus on how needs
generates.
Content theory: Maslow theory of motivation is one of the best example of content
theory of human needs and wants. The purpose behind content theory is to analyse and
understand, what needs are exists, which helps to motivates person to work or contributes. Such
needs are basic in nature, as like human needs (Carlström and Ekman, 2012). Maslow theory of
motivation is one of the necessary theory, which lays emphasis to support each and every
individual needs of the person. Maslow theory is based on five level of hierarchy pyramid. The
purpose of Maslow is to identify motivation sources of the person and then fulfil it actively.
Physiological needs: It see basic needs and wants to survive for human such as air, food,
sleep and water, so as to motivates person to perform his job fairly. Air is to important breath,
food is important to eat and sleep is necessary to fit.
Safety and security needs: Examples of safety and security needs are income, job
security, space to live, health and well-being. Job security is always necessary for employee to
work in their employment.
Social needs: It can also be termed as self-belonging needs. Example of social needs are
integration into social groups, feel part of community or a group and affectionate relationship.
Such need is important to keep interest of the person alive for the job.
Self-esteem needs: Examples of self-esteem needs are respect for the person, confidence,
honour, power etc., to enables person to contributes and work effectively. With esteem needs,
priority is already given to increasing ability of a person.
Self-actualisation needs: Examples of self-actualisation is career growth desires,
potential and confidence is the best example of self-actualisation needs. Such needs helps person
to grow and survive in its career.
Content theory - There is explained Herzberg motivational theory
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Herzberg motivational theory: In this theory there are identify different job factors that is
different from outcomes that defined in satisfactory and non satisfactory. These factors are
known as Hygine factors and motivational factors such as:
 Hygine Factors: Through these factors grow up satisfaction level so it plays significant
role but effectively does not work at work place. These factors are categorised into salary,
work relationship, job security and many others. In the absence of these factors impact on
the productivity and operations of 4com Plc.
 Motivational Factors: These factors are showing positive effect on the satisfaction level
that increase day by day. These factors are encouraging to staff members for the
responsibilities, appraisal, recognition, interesting work and many more. 4Com plc
members motivate through these factors and effectively play their roles and
responsibilities.
From the above it has been evaluated that motivational theory such as Herzberg and Maslow's
hierarchy theory helps to attain the organisational goals. For instance, 4Com Plc has decided to
increase the number of customer by providing best internet services for this they need to adopt
new technology which is not easy for employees. To accept the changes manager of respective
company adopt Maslow theory and Hergberg theory which helps to motivate them by filling
their expectations and attain business goals. Moreover, they provides training, promotions and
rewards to employees in order to complete work achieve business objectives.
Process theory: Such theory tells that how an organisation can create needs and
motivation that helps to attracts employees in order to complete works. It has been seen that if
employees are happy and are in good environment then only they can work perfectly and
effectively. So it is important for management of organisation to understand the problems aof
employees and motivate them to complete the objectives that helps to maintain peace and
harmony within organisation. Such theory contains intrinsic and extrinsic theory of motivation
that are explained as:
Intrinsic motivation:This motivation is related within organisation in which individual is
being motivated by other's performance or activity and do work in same style or manner. It is
helpful for staff that helps to increase the responsibility and accountability towards their work.
For instance, the new employees of 4 Com Plc observe the other employees who are working
with responsibility and get achievement that influence them and work accordingly in order to
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complete targets. In this motivation, employees gets training from experience person for their
self development which helps to manage people or manpower by accomplishing goals.
Extrinsic motivation: This is also related with motivation to employees by pay scale,
bonus, incentives, promotion, salary and compensation that creates trusts between employees and
organisation. Such motivation states that employees are part of organisation who completes the
work in sufficient time in order to get rewards. The management of 4 Com plc analysis the
employees work and motivates them with pay, incentives and good salary and complete work
perfectly.
Brief analysis: It is summarised that, motivation is necessary for 4Com Plc organisation
to built confidence and motivation of the person to work or contributes. Satisfaction of needs and
wants of the person is important in every organisation to built person confidence, motivation and
ability to accomplishes business objectives or targets.
Process theory:
Vroom expectancy theory - According to this theory analysis the behaviour of
individual and select from several options regarding to maximise pleasure and minimise pain.
The human resource manager follow the particular formula to recognise each factor in order to
encourage of people for rewards and appraisals.
Motivation formula as per this theory is = Expectancy * Instrumentality * Valence Expectancy: Every employees have different expectations according to their confidence
and able to perform. For this management of 4com plc conduct training and supervision
to meet with expectations. Instrumentality: There are thinking of employees to get desire and assure about the get
rewards and promised by the organisation to perform work adequately.
 Valence: To give reward to employees analysis their performance that valued on the
basis of needs and preferences.
It has been evaluated that Vroom expectancy theory motivate the employees of 4Com Plc
by analysing their expectations, providing them training and give them rewards on the basis of
their performance which helps to attain the business goals effectively.
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M2
Organisation uses behavioural and motivational theory in order to motivate employees by
maintaining good behaviour and proper response. Both are important theory which influences
employees to accomplish the goals by understand needs and wants. The meani8ng of motivation
is to find and bring confidence in employees by identifying their needs. Such as 4 Com Plc is
using motivational and behavioural theory employees influences positively in which they works
effectively. As management understand what are the needs of employees and how it can be fulfil,
that motivates them and they start to work for organisation welfare.
TASK 3
P3
Difference between effective and ineffective team
Basis Effective team Ineffective team
Definition A capacity to perform the business
activities and accomplish
organisational goals with the help of
employees.
Such team mainly consider
individuals who do not have skills
and capabilities to perform
business functions.
Resource
investigation
In this role resources are investigated
by team members that helps to
perform all business activities
effectively.
Resources are not analysis by
team as they do not have
knowledge and experience to
work properly.
Challenges The members of team accept the
challenges.
It does not accept the challenges.
Shaper Effective team are playing a role of
shaper that helps to improve the work
performance.
The team member of ineffective
team does not focus on
improvements.
Team worker The team of 4 Com Plc are working
together under the role of team
workers.
People are working separately not
under a team who mainly focus
their own goals.
Monitor evaluator In this role team analysis and evaluate No work is evaluated by
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the work performance of their team
and suggest them in proper way in
order to attain business goals.
managers and team so goals
cannot be achieved by such team.
Specialist In this role team have special
knowledge to solve the problems and
go ahead.
In this role team does not perform
this role due to lack of
specialisation.
Team: Team is the group of people who works collectively for the purpose of achieving
common goals. There are different types of people with different skills and task that need to be
complete in specified period. Team members are working together by understanding the
common goals and make efforts to complete then in effective manner. In other words,
collaborative work by team members and equal response helps organization to make correct
business decisions. In regards to 4Com Plc, business activities are managed by team members
who understand organisation goals and complete it in stipulated period. Herein , different types
of team are defined which is required in 4Com Plc for the purpose of delivering better data and
voice communication services. The description of teams are as:
Problem solving teams: This team is required at particular place in case of organization
is facing problems. The structure of this team is temporary because problems are arising some
times. So it organization should have problems solving team. 4Com Plc is internet data handling
organization that have problem solving team which helps to solve the problems at the time of
performing business activities.
Virtual team: This team is the group of employees who works at different location
which is based on power of communication and collaboration of tools in order to perform
business functions (Xerri and Brunetto, 2013). In regards to 4Com Plc such team is required to
work at different location. In this case employees need to focus on time, space and culture of
diverse place that can help to accomplish objectives.
Self managed team: This team involves employees of same company who are working
together and manage all function in order to reach a common results. In reference to 4 Com Plc
team member are self managed who improve motivation level, manage own time and handle
tasks that helps to create effective business.
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Operational team: This team deals with supporting team who are focusing on same
tasks. It is formulated by managers in order to make sure that all office processes go smoothly. In
4Com Plc operational team is managing function by defining their roles and responsibilities of
each team member which helps to maintain the productivity and profitability.
Therefore, it can be consider as different team are used by organization in order to focus
on specific functions. Effective team involves operational, problem solving, virtual and self
managed team who are consider as opposed to ineffective team. All team are required in 4Com
Plc to manage the business and increase productivity.
Advantages: By focusing on such team an organisation can make correct business
decisions. For example, 4 Com Plc is facing low productivity due to improper communication
among employees in this situation they develop problems solving, operational team, self
managed and virtual team that helps to understand why organisation is getting less productivity
and how it can be improve. And they share with each employees that helps to make effective
business deciosn. Moreover, business performance can be increase with the help to proper
communication and problem solving team.
Disadvantages: 4 Com Plc cannot make effective business decision because there is need
to have skilled workers which is difficult for organisation. Team members have different
thoughts that creates conflicts among employees which affect business operation negatively.
The manager of 4 Com Plc are using Belbin's typology in order to make effective team that are
as explained:
Action Oriented Roles:
 Shaper: Team of 4 Com Plc are playing a role of shaper in which managers
challenge them team to improve the work performance.
 Implementer: In 4 Com Plc people implement their plans by working with
systematic manner and efficiently.
 Completer finisher: Team of 4 Com Plc are playing a role of complete finisher
in which they see that projects are completed thoroughly.
People oriented roles:
 Coordinator: Team member of 4 Com Plc is playing a role of coordinator in
which they coordinates with every one and complete the targets.
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 Team worker: The team provide a support to make sure that people are working
together in order to attain common goals.
Thought oriented roles:
 Monitor evaluator: In this role team of respective company evaluate the
performance as well as ideas that helps to cope up with problems and attain
objectives.
 Specialist: In this role 4 Com Plc 's team are having special knowledge that helps
to complete job by using their skills and knowledge and experience.
M3
Team development is consider as critical issue that need to solve by making perfect
decisions. For team development, Tuck man team is most suitable that gives guidance to make
correct decisions such as:
Illustration 1: Tuck man theory, 2019
Source: Tuckman theory. 2019.
This model focuses on different stages of development, forming, storming, norming and
performing. The detailed analysis of such stages are as follows:
Forming: This is initial stage of team development is depend on guidance and direction
of leaders. Individual roles and responsibilities are unclear in which leaders prepares answers of
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many questions that helps to maintain the relationship between leaders and employees
(McLennan, 2013). It is used by 4Com Plc by creating new team that helps to accomplish
objectives by spending time on planning, collecting information and bonding.
Storming: Team starts to works on specified task by suggesting ideas. Team members
and leaders suggest different ideas that helps to maintain all business performance effectively.
Such step helps 4Com Plc to develop the team by maintaining relationship between them that
solves problems. In order to develop team management there is need to have strong relationship
with leaders who shows a right way to make decisions.
Norming: This phase is related with development of team which starts after completing
the above stage. The concept of team building is taken by 4Com Plc in which skills and
competencies are defined by managers for completing business performance (Unsworth and et.
al., 2013). Each members contribute in goals of organization where individuals take greater
responsibility.
Performing: Team members are consider as more strategic in this step who knows what
its is going and why it going within organisation. Team members mainly focus on share vision
and goals of organization which helps in further team development (Gabriel and et. al., 2015). If
team will perform good and able to achieve business goals resulting team development. In this
step 4 Com Plc focuses on both task and team relationship by using skills and competencies that
helps to complete targets of an organization.
Adjourning: In this step teams reach at their goals by performing all steps and functions.
Such as 4 Com Plc develops close relationship with its colleagues and workers who helps to
accomplish the business objectives and give efforts to develop the organization. Moreover, teams
of 4 Com plc celebrates achievements by working effectively which helps to increase
productivity and profitability.
TASK 4
P4
Organisational behaviour is related with behaviour of employees that understand needs
and wants of business and give contribution to fill such needs. It is the study of human behaviour
in which all person behave differently by focusing on demand of organization. The main object
of organization is to set the short tern and long term goals and accomplish them with the help of
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positive behaviour of employees. Organization focuses on different concepts and philosophies
that helps to maintain the good organizational behaviour by motivating employees. The
management of 4Com Plc is using Path goal theory to understand the organizational behaviour
that are as explained:
Concepts of organizational behaviour:
Path goal theory: This theory is based on leader's style and behaviour that fits the
employees and organization work environment in order to achieve goals. In this theory leaders
plays a important role who behave specifically which suits needs of employees and work
environment. The main object to use this theory is increases employee's motivation, satisfaction
and empowerment so production of organization can be increased (Mester and et. al., 2018). For
instance, the management of 4Com Plc is focusing on path goal theory in order to increase the
production by motivating employees. In this theory leaders of such organization provides a clear
path to its employees that helps to solve problems and accomplish targets. Different leadership
style are covered in path goal theory such as:
Directive: In directive leadership style, employee's behaviour analysed by leaders and
tells them how to perform their task. Such The leaders of 4Com Plc has decided to improve their
internet service by providing direction to employees so, this leadership style is more effective
that states direction to employees.
Participative: This leadership style is used to focus on different situations such as
follower is making poor decisions, improper process and procedure in which leaders need to take
corrective actions. For instance, the employees of 4Com Plc are not able top make decisions
towards introducing high speed data and voice communication (Thomson and Van Niekerk,
2012). In this situation leaders are playing important role by taking steps to improve the data
speed and voice communication process. Therefore, leaders participate in followers decisions in
order to solve problems.
Supportive: This approach is used to maintain the relationship between employees and
leaders by solving problems and supporting them in effective manner. In regards to 4Com Plc,
leaders share all information and issues with employees that helps to get suggestions for the
purpose of completing objectives.
Achievements: This leadership style mainly focused on achievements of goals by giving
higher satisfaction to employees. Such as leaders understand the needs of employees and provide
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them full assistance that helps to achieve business objectives. Moreover, tasks can be achieve by
reducing the challenges and boredom in business activities.
Social capital theory: This theory is also used by organization in order to maintain
behaviour that helps to achieve common goals. In this theory management of 4Com Plc focuses
on social needs and wants which should be complete in order to develop the business activities
(Coccia, 2014). Manager understand the needs of employees which relates to society and make
efforts to fill the needs.
There are different barriers which can effect organizational performance such as:
Multitasking: The management of 4Com Plc diving several tasks between employees
that creates confusion towards work and affect negatively business performance.
Unclear goal: This barrier states that management should clear their goals with the help
of proper communication otherwise organization has to face low productivity and profitability.
In case of 4Com Plc manager do not specify the goals of each employees, resulting affected
adversely the performance of company.
Philosophies of organisational behaviour:
The management of 4 Com Plc is applying such philosophies in their working culture such as:
Autocratic: In this philosophy manager of 4Com Plc not accepts any suggestions of its
subordinates because they have power and authority to make decisions (Dobrow, 2013). It can
create conflicts among employees and manager which affects business organisation.
Custodial: In this philosophy manager provides basic need of employees such as wages,
health and safety and other which motivates 4Com Plc's employees and make them loyal.
Supportive: Employees need to take responsibilities for their work in 4 Com Plc that
become empower in particular field. The management of such organisation also supports
employees to take corrective actions by using skills.
Collegial: This states that there should be relationship between management and team so
goals of organisation can be achieved collectively.
M4
The concepts and philosophies of organisation behaviour influences behaviour of 4 Com
Plc such as:
Positive impacts: Path goal theory is uses by 4 Com Plc that helps to focus on business
objectives effectively by directing, supporting and participating business activities. It helps to
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provide the better internet services and voice communication that attracts customers resulting
more profitability.
Negative impacts: It has negative impacts such as there is need to high concentration and
attention of managers to face the problems which is difficulties for organization. More over, 4
Com Plc is required to have skilled and experienced staff which is also difficult to find.
CONCLUSION
From the above report, it is concluded that every organisation should follow some
motivational and behavioural theory that helps to motivate employees in effective manner. The
main advantage of organisation behaviour is to achieve business objectives with the help of
motivation. Organisation behaviour consider as concept of managing and organising good
behaviour, so that goals can be accomplished easily. With the utilisation of culture, politics and
power organisation can make right decisions. Coercive power should not be use by organisation
because it creates conflicts and stress between employees and organisation can not be perfect in
their business. Motivation meaning tells to encourage employees to work perfectly by
contributing towards organisation success.
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REFERENCES
Books & Journals
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