Analysis of the Advent of 4G Telecommunication: A Detailed Report

This report provides a comprehensive overview of the advent of 4G telecommunication, tracing its evolution from 1G to 4G. It begins with a proposal outlining the key aspects of 4G technology, including its enhanced data connectivity and improved quality of service. The report delves into the background of the study, outlining research aims, objectives, questions, and hypotheses. A literature review examines the evolution of mobile telecommunication, comparing 1G, 2G, and 3G technologies to 4G, detailing 4G mobile technology, including WiMAX and LTE. The research methodology section details the use of qualitative and quantitative research methods, sampling techniques, and data collection methods like online surveys and internet searches. The report concludes by emphasizing the benefits of 4G, its impact on the telecom industry, and the research findings, highlighting the advantages, disadvantages, and technical specifications associated with 4G, addressing its adoption, evolution, and associated benefits.

Running head: THE ADVENT OF 4G TELECOMMUNICATION
The Advent of 4G Telecommunication
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Name of the University
Author’s note

1THE ADVENT OF 4G TELECOMMUNICATION
Table of Contents
1. The Proposal on ‘The advent of 4G telecommunication’......................................................3
Short paragraph on ‘The advent of 4G telecommunication’..................................................3
Outline....................................................................................................................................4
2. Abstract..................................................................................................................................6
3. Body of the paper...................................................................................................................6
I. Chapter 1: Introduction.......................................................................................................6
1. Background of the study................................................................................................6
2. Research Aims and Objectives.......................................................................................7
3. Research Questions........................................................................................................7
4. Research Hypothesis......................................................................................................7
5. Problem Statement.........................................................................................................8
6. Rationale of the study.....................................................................................................8
7. Structure of the study.....................................................................................................8
II. Chapter 2: Literature Review............................................................................................9
2. Introduction....................................................................................................................9
2.1. Evolution of Mobile Telecommunication from 1G to 4G..........................................9
2.2. 4G Mobile Technology.............................................................................................12
2.3. Chapter Summary......................................................................................................16
III. Chapter 3: Research Methodology.................................................................................16
3. Introduction..................................................................................................................16
3.1. Research Methodology..............................................................................................16
3.1.1. Qualitative research................................................................................................17
3.1.1. Quantitative research..............................................................................................17

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3.2. Sampling Method......................................................................................................17
3.3. Data Collection..........................................................................................................18
Online Survey...................................................................................................................18
Internet Search.................................................................................................................18
Reliability and Validity....................................................................................................19
Unbiased and Objective...................................................................................................19
3.8. Chapter Summary......................................................................................................19
4. References............................................................................................................................20

3THE ADVENT OF 4G TELECOMMUNICATION
1. The Proposal on ‘The advent of 4G telecommunication’
Short paragraph on ‘The advent of 4G telecommunication’
The 1st generation networking used the analogue internet transmission to deliver the
speech, the 1st generation telephone system also facilitated the roaming facility as well. NMT
(Nordic Mobile Telephone), AMPS (advance telephone system), TACS (Total access
communication), 1G enhance the mobile phone market scenario globally from 30% to 50%
yearly. The speed was typically 9.6 kbps. The 2nd generation networking comes with the
integration of the standards PDC (Personal Digital Cellular), GSM (Global system for
communication over mobile) and D-AMPS (Digital-Advanced Mobile phone service), it had
some unique features- the people can communicate digitally over the phone, the SMS service
was initiated at that time. The 2nd generation came with the better data services and better
privacy features; the speed typically ranges from 56 to 115 Kbit/s. After 1G and 2G, 3G or
better say UMTS come into the picture, the users can make wide area wireless telephony, the
3G network provides the facility of video calls alongside broadband wireless connection. 4G
is the newbie in the industry. The 4G technology has better data connectivity, consists of
enhanced QoS, also have the better roaming abilities. Now the users can conduct telephony
over the wireless network. The speed is typically 100Mbit/s. The standard of 4G has been
defined in the International Mobile Telecommunications Advanced (IMT-Advanced) and it
has been proposed to deliver about 1 GB/s for the stationary users. Other services that it
offers are streamed multimedia, IP telephony and the gaming facilities. Thus it can be
concluded that the telecom industry is constantly evolving and 4G technology is providing
lots of scopes.
Outline
I. Chapter 1: Introduction
1. Background of the study
2. Research Aims and Objectives
3. Research Questions
4. Research Hypothesis

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5. Problem Statement
6. Rationale of Study
7. Structure of the study
II. Chapter 2: Literature Review
2. Introduction
2.1. Evolution of Mobile Telecommunication from 1G to 4G
2.2. 4G Mobile Technology
2.2.1. Fourth generation mobile technology (4G)
2.2.2. Wimax
2.2.3. LTE
2.2.4. The future of 4G
2.2.5. Trends that have led to 4G
2.2.6. Internet, Applications and the Cloud
2.2.7. Devices as content delivery systems
2.2.8. Benefits of 4G
III. Chapter 3: Research Methodology
3. Introduction
3.1. Research Methodology
3.1.1. Qualitative research

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3.1.1. Quantitative research
3.2. Sampling Method
3.3. Data Collection
Online Survey
Internet Search
Reliability and Validity
Unbiased and Objective
3.8. Chapter Summary

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2. Abstract
The mobile telecommunication has a lot to offer to the users of the modern
era. The human beings for years have tried to connect with each other
over a long distance without face to face interaction. The users use the
mobile telecommunication for educational purpose as well as the
entertainment purpose. However, the mobile telecommunication is evolving
day by day and the latest 4G connection is really fast and has come with
numerous features. The paper will focus on various factors and benefits of
the 4G technology. The methodologies that have been adopted in this
research survey is the survey, questionnaire conducted via responses from
emails and the social networking sites. The 4G connectivity has been
planned to reach out to large community and possibly all over the world,
this can facilitate and will change our lives. The research paper will focus
on the social benefits and the economic benefits of 4G offered to the end
users. The research paper will focus on the evolution of mobile
communications. The limitations of 3G alongside the configuration of 4G
will be highlighted in the paper. The advantages, disadvantages and
various technical specifications associated with 4G will be elaborated. The
research paper will try to answer mainly the adoption of 4G, the evolution
of 4G and the benefits of 4G associated.3. Body of the paper
I. Chapter 1: Introduction
1. Background of the study
The 4G technology as mentioned by ITM-advanced is being expected to cater data
speed ranging from 100Mbit/s to 1GBit/s. In [1], Cudak et al. state that the IP packet
switched network is expected to mitigate issues regards to capacity exhaustion via supporting
the customers per cell, along with that the multimedia services like streamed multimedia, IP
telephony and gaming services are being provided. 4G has the capability and is expected to

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cover wide range Internet coverage, cover new markets and serve relatively large community
base.
2. Research Aims and Objectives
 The economic benefits and the social benefits of 4G to the users
 The evolution of telecommunication from 1G to 4G
 The barriers of 3G telecommunication and advent of 4G telecommunication
 The various standards, aspects and the advantages associated with 4G implementation
3. Research Questions
 What purpose does 4G serve to the users?
 What are the aspects that lead the adaption of 4G?
 How does 4G get evolved from 3G?
 What are the evolutions of 4G?
 What are the benefits that 4G offer?
4. Research Hypothesis
According to me, the advent of 4G is going to enhance the telecom industry as a
whole, the 4G technology is going to provide maximum benefits to the end users and the
consumers. In [4], Abbasi et al. state that currently, the 4G telecommunication is targeting to
embellish the mobile telephony to cent percent packet switched focus network and definitely
with the aid of 4G the Internet can be accessed from every corner of the world. The users
from every corner of the world an enjoy the superfast Internet technology.

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5. Problem Statement
The problem statement of the research is based on the advent of 4G
telecommunication technology. The evolution of the mobile telephony from 1G to 3G and
finally to 4G has been focussed in the research study. The 4G communication standards have
been elaborated in the study. The benefits of 4G and how it will influence the mobile
communication in future has been elaborated in the study.
6. Rationale of the study
The mobile phone has become an integral part of human lives. The usage of the
mobile phone has become the centre of professional lives as well as the social lives. The
benefits of 4G have been illustrated in the study elaborately.
The cell phone usage and the web services that can be enhanced with the upcoming
4G technology have been well explained in the study. In [5], Mahmoud, Eman, and Abeer
Thawabi state the right infrastructure for the 4G technology that can provide the best
experience to the consumers as well as the technology can provide innovation and future
improvements.
7. Structure of the study
The research project consists of the five chapters, each of the five chapters have some
significance and aspects associated with the research project have been discussed elaborated.
The following chapters which correspond to the research work are discussed below-
Chapter 1: The Chapter 1 consists of the introduction of the topic and the background
associated with it, the entire research report will highlight the introduction and the
background of the topic.
Chapter 2: Chapter 2 contains the Literature review and the literature review basically
depends on the research work done previously on a distinct topic.

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Chapter 3: Chapter 3 contains the research methodologies and the research methodologies
are used to collect or accumulate data from the participants who are conducting research.
Chapter 4: The Chapter 4 deals with the findings and the results of the research.
Chapter 5: Chapter 5 basically contains the conclusion of the research, the chapter contains
the brief summary of the entire report.
II. Chapter 2: Literature Review
2. Introduction
The literature review of the project will cater an overview of the literature and the
literature is based on the topic: ‘Advent of 4G telecommunication’. The literature review is
based on the evolution of mobile telecommunication form 1G to 4G, the literature review is
also based on the fourth generation mobile technology (4G).
2.1. Evolution of Mobile Telecommunication from 1G to 4G
Fig 1: Evolution of Mobile Telecommunication from 1G to 4G
(Source: [7], Araujo, Andrés, and Itziar)
2.1.1. The 1st generation mobile network

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In [6], Newton, Calduwel and Ramkumar state that the earlier networks of mobile
typically require an operator to make a call and the communication is simplex one that means
while one person used to talk, the other one will have to listen. Besides, the equipment used
was expensive as well as heavy and bulky.
In [7], Araujo, Andrés, and Itziar state that the 1st generation mobile network typically
uses the analogue transmission system and provides the customers with only the service that
they can make voice calls. There were various limitations associated and they are
Capacity: The cellular phones have the capability to handle only a few devices.
Security: The previous generation network was insecure and encryption procedures
were not possible to implement as the network used the analogue system.
Quality: The transmission was quality was worse if someone went far away from the
base station.
Incompatibility: There was no facility for the international roaming.
Fig 2: Single Cell-Cellular System
(Source: [9], Zhao et al.)
2.1.2. The 2nd generation mobile network

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In [8], Zhao et al. state that the 2nd generation mobile network or the GSM network
was once the most widely used mobile phone transmission and around 4 billion users started
using the GSM around the year 2010. The GSM Network can be divided into 3 parts and they
are-
1. Network switching system (NSS)
The NSS is connected over and contains elements like HLR, VLR, EIR and AUC.
2. Base Station Subsystem (BSS)
The BSS again consists of the elements like Mobile Station (MS), Base Station
Controller and the Base Station Transceiver.
3. Network Management System (NMS)
The Network Management Subsystem is responsible for monitoring and the
controlling the network elements.
However, there was demand for fast network and there was demand for better
network usage, that is why the research was done to cover up the drawbacks.
2.1.3. 3rd Generation mobile technology (3G) UMTS
In [9], Zhao et al. state that the UMTS usage looks promising and come up with some
advanced features by which the customers can enjoy the fast network connectivity.
The Advantages of UMTS
o Offers comparatively higher data rates than GSM
o Offer better security for the SIM cards