5G vs 4G: A Comparative Study of Wireless Technologies

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Assignment 1

Table of Contents
Abstract............................................................................................................................................3
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Organization review.........................................................................................................................3
Overview of 5G technology.............................................................................................................4
4G technology..................................................................................................................................4
Comparison with 4G technology.....................................................................................................4
Scope of 5G.....................................................................................................................................4
Benefits............................................................................................................................................5
Disadvantages..................................................................................................................................5
Issues and challenges of 5G.............................................................................................................6
Recommendation.............................................................................................................................7
Conclusion.......................................................................................................................................8
References........................................................................................................................................9

Abstract
The organization selected is the Qualcomm which is a semiconductor company headquartered in
San Diego. It is a multinational networking company and a telecommunication equipment
company. It markets and designs the products and services of wireless telecommunications. It is
an organization which works on the technology of 5G, security, automation, and AI, Internet of
things, Red Bee Media, and Ericsson ONE. The report is regarding the technology of 5G and
how it is different from other existing technologies. The report includes the benefits of 5G
technology and how is it beneficial for the development of the organization Ericsson. It also
discusses the issues with the technology of 5G.
Introduction
The 5G technology is the fifth-generation wireless technology which aims to increase the
responsiveness and speed of the wireless networks. Using 5G the data can be quickly and easily
transmitted. It also offers the features of network management for creating multiple virtual
networks. The company selected for this assignment is the “Qualcomm” situated and
headquartered in San Diego, California, United States. In the following report, the benefits and
issues with this technology are discussed.
Organization review
Qualcomm is a semiconductor company which is associated with American multinational
telecommunication Equipment Company. It derives its revenue from the making of the chips.
The company has it’s headquartered in San Diego, California, United States. The parent
company of this organization is Qualcomm Incorporated. It has a large number of owned
subsidiaries which includes QCT (Qualcomm CDMA technologies) which sells the services and
products of Qualcomm. The software used by the organization is BREW operating system,
speech codec, FEC codec, Eudora servers, and Eudora client. The tools used for diagnostic and
management are QPST, SCDM, QXDM. The products designed by the company are
semiconductors, MediaFLO, QChat, tracking device, Server processors, HALO, and Mirasols
displays.

Overview of 5G technology
It is a cellular technology which offers a high level of performance as compared to the previous
technologies. It is cellular technology because the services are covered by the areas are divided
into geographical areas called cells. The wireless devices supporting 5G have 4G LTE capability.
It has the ability to support a million devices in a particular range specifically per square
kilometer. The performance of this technology is very good. It offers high speed and enormous
capacity. It also offers low latency and IoT capability (What is 5G? A definition from
WhatIs.com, 2019).
4G technology
It is the fourth-generation technology in wireless communication. It is regarding the convergence
of wireless and wired networks, wireless technologies like GSM, Bluetooth, and wireless LAN.
It has its support globally and van is used anytime anywhere. It is referred to as “MAGIC” in
which ‘M’ stands for mobile multimedia, ‘A’ for anywhere, ‘G’ for global mobility solution
over, ‘I’ for integrated wireless, and ‘C’ for customized service (4G Technology - "What is 4G
Technology" | 3G Vs 4G, 2019).
Comparison with 4G technology
5G technology is way faster and smarter than 4G. The congestion is able to get eliminated and
this is the biggest difference between the technology 4G and 5G. 4G works with the speed of
200-300 Mbps whereas the speed of 5G is 1-10 Gbps. The latency of 4G is 300 milliseconds and
latency of 5G is 3 milliseconds. The service provided by 4G is dynamic information access and
by 5G is a variable device with AI capabilities. The CDMA multiplexing is supported by both
4G and 5G (What is the difference between 4G and 5G?, 2019).

Scope of 5G
Several discussions are being made on the technology of 5G and several researchers are working
on it. The technology of 5G is loaded with many multiple features offering a high speed of
internet, smooth ubiquitous service. Also, 5G is able to unlock many problems which are not
able to be resolved by the other existing technologies. It is designed in a way such that it can be
able to offer remarkable and incredible data capabilities. It is able to unhinder the volumes of the
call, and data can be broadcast irrespective of its amount. It is the advance and intelligent
technology with the ability to connect the world without any kind of restrictions. This will also
allow having uninterrupted and universal access to communication, information, and
entertainment (5G Technology Market Overview and Scope by 2024, 2019).
Benefits
 Bi-directional and high-resolution large bandwidth shaping
 More efficient and effective
 Technology to collect networks on a single platform
 It is useful in offering huge broadcasting data
 It is easy to manage
 Possible to provide uninterrupted, consistent, and uniform connectivity in the world
 Technological sound for supporting services that are heterogeneous in nature
 It facilitates supervision tools for the actions to be taken quickly
 It provides the technology to control PCs through the handset
 Supports parallel multiple services
 Education can be easily provided
 It allows to search and locates a person who is missing
 Natural disasters can be easily detected
 Visualizing galaxies, planets, and universe is possible
 Medical treatments have become easy (5G Advantages and Disadvantages, 2019)
Disadvantages
 Technology is under progress and the research on it is still going on

 Because of the incompetent support of the technology, the technology seems difficult to
be achieved
 Privacy and security issues re not solved yet
 Development of infrastructure demands for the high-cost investment
 Old services are unable to compete with 5G technology and therefore every existing
technology needs to be replaced with 5G. This is the deal which is very much expensive
(5G Advantages and Disadvantages, 2019).
Issues and challenges of 5G
The most common challenges and issues with 5G are technological challenges and common
challenges.
Technological challenges:
 Traffic management: the human to human and machine to machine traffic may cause the
system challenges that might be serious. This means that the challenges of radio access
network can cause congestion and overload.
 Medium access control: in the case, when there is a requirement of dense deployment of
user terminals and access points, the throughput can become low and the latency can
become high. Proper research is required for the technology’s optimization (5G
Challenges, 2019).
 Inter-cell interference: this is the biggest issue in the technology that is required to be
resolved. There is a large size variation of macrocells and small cells that are concurrent
will lead to the interference.
Common challenges:
 Multiple services: 5G needs to offer services to the networks that are heterogeneous in
nature, operating devices, and technologies in different regions. So, the biggest challenge
is to have the standardization to provide universal, user-centric, dynamic, and data-rich
services.

 Legislation: the cybercrimes and various frauds can increase due to the ubiquitous and
high-speed technology of 5G. Hence, this is the imperative issue which is political and
governmental in nature (5G Challenges, 2019).
 Infrastructure: the infrastructure of 5g is the most challenging issue that is being faced by
the researchers.
 Security and privacy: this is the major challenge that the technology of 5G needs to
consider for ensuring the privacy and security of personal data. This has to define the
uncertainties which are related to the threats of security like privacy, trust, and
cybersecurity.
 Communications, sensing, and navigation: these are the services that depend on the radio
spectrum availability via which the transmission of signals are transmitted. The
processing of a high volume of data has become through 5G technology (5G Challenges,
2019).
Recommendation
 Work with innovators: working with the innovators will make an understanding better
about new products and services, and also elated to the new models of business. This will
help to become competent in understanding the particular requirements for security
which includes messaging, securing voice and collaboration and communication with
embedded real-time.
 Understanding of expanding attack surface: inventory should be considered of who is
able to compromise the network for ensuring the data integrity and system integrity.
 Create a road map: this should include the planning at the initial stage, eventual move to
the platform of 5G, and thoughtful rollouts.
 Stand up on new devices and smartphones: transitions should be planned according to
new policies of the BOYD and the opportunity should be taken into account for the
inclusion of 5G in regular programs.

Conclusion
From this assignment, it was concluded that the company is working on the 5g technology which
can be beneficial to the company in many ways. As it has a lot of scope in the future, the
research on it is still in progress. There are various benefits of 5G technology and it has its own
disadvantages. It is known to very expensive in all the technologies as the resources of it are very
expensive. The development process of it comes with many issues and challenges. Two of them
are very common namely technological challenges and common challenges. The various
recommendations are also made to provide it to the providers of service and enterprise so they
can be fully prepared with the 5G technology.

References
Anon, 2019. 5G Challenges. [online] www.tutorialspoint.com. Available at:
<https://www.tutorialspoint.com/5g/5g_challenges> [Accessed 9 Aug. 2019].
Anon, 2019. 4G Technology - "What is 4G Technology" | 3G Vs 4G. [online]
Engineersgarage.com. Available at: <https://www.engineersgarage.com/articles/4G-technology>
[Accessed 9 Aug. 2019].
Anon, 2019. What is 5G? A definition from WhatIs.com. [online] SearchNetworking. Available
at: <https://searchnetworking.techtarget.com/definition/5G> [Accessed 9 Aug. 2019].
Anon, 2019. What is the difference between 4G and 5G?. [online] Just Ask Gemalto EN.
Available at: <https://www.justaskgemalto.com/en/difference-4g-5g/> [Accessed 9 Aug. 2019].
Anon, 2019. 5G Technology Market Overview and Scope by 2024. [online] MarketWatch.
Available at: <https://www.marketwatch.com/press-release/5g-technology-market-overview-
and-scope-by-2024-2019-02-19> [Accessed 9 Aug. 2019].
Anon, 2019. 5G Advantages and Disadvantages. [online] www.tutorialspoint.com. Available at:
<https://www.tutorialspoint.com/5g/5g_advantages_disadvantages> [Accessed 9 Aug. 2019].