7409ENG: Water and Wastewater Treatment Cycle for Dairy Industry

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of the water and wastewater treatment cycle within the milk and dairy industry. It includes a process flow diagram illustrating the key steps, from clean water storage and distribution to wastewater treatment and sludge disposal. The report details the specific water quality requirements for the dairy industry, outlining guideline values and maximum tolerances for various parameters. It also characterizes the wastewaters generated, including data on alkalinity, pH, suspended solids, turbidity, dissolved inorganics, density, heavy metals, pathogens, and BOD/COD. The document further discusses the technologies used in wastewater treatment, such as dissolved air flotation, sedimentation, electro-coagulation, anaerobic and aerobic disinfection, aeration, and evaporation, with a focus on dissolved air flotation technology, its advantages, and disadvantages. This report is useful for students and professionals seeking to understand and optimize water and wastewater management in the dairy industry. Desklib offers more resources for students, including past papers and solved assignments.

Running head: INDUSTRIAL WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Industrial Water and wastewater treatment
Name of the Student
Name of the University
Author note

1INDUSTRIAL WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Introduction:
Waste Management is a major part of any operational engineering or product lifecycle
planning that allows a industry to reduce their production cost and increase their operational
sustainability, both financially and environmentally (van Loosdrecht et al, 2016). The
purpose of this paper is to examine the Water and Wastewater treatment cycle suitable for
Milk and Dairy industry. Hence, a flowchart will be developed for water and wastewater
cycle in Milk and Dairy Industry. The water quality requirement will be discussed and
characteristics of wastewater will be presented with the help of water quality wheel diagram.
After that the technology used in the water treatment will be discussed briefly.

2INDUSTRIAL WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Primary Waste Water EQ Tank
As
Draining tanker
Spills and Leaks
Bottle/package Cleaning
Floor Cleaning
Sludge Cleaning
Dissolve Air
Flotation Unit
Sludge holding/ sedimentation tank
Partially clean Electro-Coagulation tank
Multimedia
Filtration/Disinfection
Clean Water Storage Tank
Sludge
Treatment/drying
Sludge disposal
Clean
reusable
Water
Semi liquid
sludge
Polluted Water
Dry
Sludge
Clean Water
Distribution
Inorganic
materials
General process flow diagram for the water and wastewater cycle of Milk
and Dairy Industry

3INDUSTRIAL WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Multimedia Filtration and Disinfection process is based on Combined Aneorobic and Aerobic
Disinfection followed by the Aeration process. Drying and Dumpster system uses the
evaporation technology to form solidified sludge for disposal. Dissolve Air Flotation Unit
uses Dissolve Air Flotation technology for collecting floating material from water.
Water quality requirements for Milk and Dairy Industry
S.
No
Criterion Unit Guideline Maximum tolerance
1 pH 6.8-8.6 ≥6 and ≤ 9
2 Temperature °C 8-12 ≥ 3 and Not more than ≤20
3 Chloride ions mg/l ≤250 350
4 KMnO4 mg/l ≤12 20
5 Potassium ions mg/l ≤10 10
6 Fluoride ions mg/l 1.0 1.3
7 Calcium ions mg/l ≤ 100 280
8 Sodium ions mg/l ≤ 80 150
9 Total hardness ° 2 - 25 40
10 Carbonate hardness ° 2 - 25 25
11 Oxygen, dissolved oxygen O mg/l 610 ≥ 4 and ≤ 14
12 Carbon dioxide mg/l 0.4
13 Dry matter mg/l 1000 1500
14 Iron, total Mg/l ≤ 0.1 0.3
15 Mesophilic microorganisms per ml < 5 20
16 Psychrophilic microorganisms per ml < 50 100
17 Coliform bacteria absent in 100 ml absent in 100 ml
18 Pathogenic bacteria absence absence
Source: (Boguniewicz-Zablocka, Klosok-Bazan & Naddeo, 2019)
Characteristics of wastewaters generated
 Alkalinity= 600ml/l
 pH= 7
 Acidity= 0.26mg/l
 TSS(suspended solid)= 780mg/l
 Turbidibility= 97 NTU

4INDUSTRIAL WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT
 Dissolved inorganic = 1000ml/l
 Density= 995g/l
 Heavy metal= 460 mmol/l
 Pathogen=7x107
 BOD/COD= 4500mg/l
 Temperature = 27 degree C
Source: (Mansoorian, 2016; Karadag et al., 2015)

5INDUSTRIAL WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT

6INDUSTRIAL WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Technology used in waste water treatment process flowchart:
Dissolved air Flotation
In the flowchart Dissolved Air Flotation process is used for collecting floating objects while
executing primary level semi-suspended material separation process.
Sedimentation
Sedimentation is a process is used to regimenting the heavy metals and sludge using the
gravitational force.
Electro-coagulation
Electro-coagulation is a electromechanical technique is used in coagulation tank to separate
the ions while making appropriate pH factor.
Anaerobic and Aerobic Disinfection
Anaerobic and Aerobic Disinfection Process is used in multimedia filtration to disinfect the
water from bacteria. It is one of the final filtration parts of this flowchart.
Aeration
Aeration Process is also used in multimedia filtration process to increase the dissolved
oxygen level for making the water reusable for dairy industry.
Evaporation
Evaporation or drying process used a final sludge separation process to make dry sludge from
dense sludge mixture.

7INDUSTRIAL WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Chosen Technology: Dissolved Air flotation technology
Dissolved air flotation is a technology to collect the floating materials from the
polluted water. Along with that, this technology also helps to remove suspended solids,
biochemical oxygen demand, oils and grease from the wastewater. This process is heavily
used in industrial wastewater treatment process.
In this technology air is injected under pressure into a recycle stream of clarified DAF
effluent. Then this steam is combined with target wastewater where in an chamber the
dissolved air comes out in a form of micron sized bubbles. These bubbles attach the
contaminants and raise to the surface forming a floating bed of polluted materials, which is
removed further by a surface skimmer (Erdogan, & Doyle, 2018).
The major process design parameters are the required cleaning time and the
percentage of removal of suspended contaminants. This cleaning process needs 3 to 30
minutes depending on the input water quality (Melchiors et al., 2016).
The major advantage of this system is, it uses the physical properties of the liquid
without involving any external chemicals. It is the best suspended material separation process
as well. However the size, requirement of air, usage of power is the major disadvantage of
Dissolved Air Flotation Technology (Erdogan, & Doyle, 2018).

8INDUSTRIAL WATER AND WASTEWATER TREATMENT
Reference
Boguniewicz-Zablocka, J., Klosok-Bazan, I., & Naddeo, V. (2019). Water quality and
resource management in the dairy industry. Environmental Science and Pollution
Research, 1-9.
Erdogan, A.O. & Doyle, M.L., Evoqua Water Technologies LLC, (2018). Enhanced
biosorption of wastewater organics using dissolved air flotation with solids recycle.
U.S. Patent Application No 10/131,550.
Karadag, D., Köroğlu, O. E., Ozkaya, B., & Cakmakci, M. (2015). A review on anaerobic
biofilm reactors for the treatment of dairy industry wastewater. Process
Biochemistry, 50(2), 262-271.
Mansoorian, H. J., Mahvi, A. H., Jafari, A. J., & Khanjani, N. (2016). Evaluation of dairy
industry wastewater treatment and simultaneous bioelectricity generation in a
catalyst-less and mediator-less membrane microbial fuel cell. Journal of Saudi
Chemical Society, 20(1), 88-100.
Melchiors, M. S., Piovesan, M., Becegato, V. R., Becegato, V. A., Tambourgi, E. B., &
Paulino, A. T. (2016). Treatment of wastewater from the dairy industry using
electroflocculation and solid whey recovery. Journal of environmental
management, 182, 574-580.
van Loosdrecht, M. C., Nielsen, P. H., Lopez-Vazquez, C. M., & Brdjanovic, D. (Eds.).
(2016). Experimental methods in wastewater treatment. IWA publishing.