This report examines the health vulnerabilities of Aborigines and Torres Strait Islanders (ATSI) in Australia, focusing on social determinants of health, health inequalities, and health inequities. It highlights disparities in health outcomes, including lower life expectancy and higher rates of chronic diseases, mental health issues, and elder abuse. The report explores relevant evidence, the impact on health, and the need for interventions such as the National Plan for Elder Abuse. It emphasizes the role of colonization, racism, and socioeconomic factors in contributing to these disparities. The report also discusses the importance of addressing the social determinants of health and promoting culturally sensitive healthcare to improve the well-being of the ATSI community. The report concludes by emphasizing the need for government action and policy changes to address these critical health issues.