Abortion: A Comprehensive Overview of UK Laws, Ethics, and Policies

This essay provides a comprehensive overview of abortion in the UK, analyzing its legal frameworks, ethical considerations, and related policies. It begins with an introduction to the legal landscape, emphasizing the complexities and debates surrounding abortion. The main body delves into key arguments, including the views of Judith Thomson and the ethical dilemmas surrounding the right to life. It explores the impact of abortion on women's health, social injustice, and human rights, referencing international frameworks like the UN's Programme of Action. The essay includes a case study of an unwanted pregnancy, highlighting ethical dilemmas faced by healthcare professionals and the application of ethical principles like utilitarianism and deontology. Professional issues, such as the role of nurses and adherence to ethical codes, are also discussed. The essay concludes by examining the ethical principles influencing decision-making, emphasizing the importance of beneficence and the legal aspects of abortion within the UK context, including the Abortion Act 1967 and subsequent amendments.

Abortion

Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION ...............................................................................................................................3
MAIN BODY ......................................................................................................................................3
CONCLUSION ...................................................................................................................................4

INTRODUCTION
This aims on panoramic view of legal frameworks and associated policies in regards with
abortion in UK, providing a sustain examples for other countries. As there are numerous laws who
are against of abortion and people who conduct it. As per the reports, what makes abortion
pessimistic which is women's request and willingness. From female's perceptive, there are laws and
policies, an individual should be fit for purpose. As per the studies, there are numerous human
rights which can be act in terms of abortion and termed to be beneficial for an individual to carry
out the process. However the lane or process of reform is considered to be difficult and time taking.
To conquer, right to safe abortion, lawyers learnt and carry forward, as abortion derived as lawful.
Abortion is also dangerous to health of an individual and in the United Nation Population women
were leading to mortality cause of abortion. The report may also focus on ethical principle and
moral dilemma of abortion. Addition, it underpins the key issues which are face by an individual
and moral rules of health practitioners should consider.
MAIN BODY
As per the view of Judith Thomson (2017), has urge and concluded that unborn do have
right to live. Thomson approach is a imaginary view, where an individual can be connected to while
in sleep, bloodstream with bloodstream and also famous concept of violinist. The musician who is
suffering from rare blood illness while definitely die if it is dis-communicated. A person have surely
right to disconnect himself or herself. She claims that the case of pregnancy is similar like the case
of violinist. Both bodies are proportional to each other. As it seems, one is more connected or
attached obligated in order to remain attached to a unborn or fetus more than violinist. In this
argument it has been determined that abortion is valid if cause of pregnancy is rape.
Thomson also drawn attention in the case pregnancy, the fetus consume women's boy to live
and survive but women do not need fetus to survive and live. And she also points out the right to
life do not consist to use someone-else life to preserve their body. In the argument she also
demonstrate that women do not have right to end someone-else's life in order to save their. In some
point, the abortion is applicable to do so, when there is lack of society acceptance.
The above consideration determine that abortion is ethically and morally permissible but it
may also boils down an statement whether the unborn or fetus do have right to life or not. As per the
opponents in regards with abortion do contains number of conflicted views and opinions. This
criterion plausible claims that all human with each race, course as well as ethnicity must have right
to life, thus the fetus are also considered to be human, so the fetuses have right apparently sounds.

Ethical issues
The public ethics has also considered as a concern and challenge with social injustice as well
as equity in the population health. At he world wide standards unsafe abortion derive glaring
inequity and injustice at some point. Abortion legal frame works and laws affect women physical
health, mental health and also their lives. In the programme of Action of the United Nations
International Conferences on such people and development stated that circumstances or
consequences where the abortion considered to be against the law, these abortion are safe.
human rights
IPAS applied where sexual and also reproductive right are fulfilled, respected as well as
protected. As per studies, reproductive rights contains abortion rights that must be applicable on an
individual to follow. According to this right, each members on this planet have right to decide about
their own lives, body, health and also when to have children. It seems that abortion right do not
stand alone. It might be depend upon the people also do debit rights such as to privacy, equality and
right to live free from any kind of violence, harm and discrimination.
social injustice
As the analysis it has been determine that major arguments on each side may helpful to
achieve the motive and may explain the concept why the abortions seems to be intractable. This
report may cover both perspectives.
Summary of the paragraph
It has been summaries that in some cities the abortion legal but along with numerous legal
framework. In UK, as it has been lawful due its adverse affect on individual. he anti arguments
standards may evolve: Fetuses are living cell and also a human. So as per the right to live, Humans
debit right to live. Hence, fetuses also have right to life. On the other hand women have right to
control their body, but in this case right to life seems to overrides on the right of a women to possess
her single body. That proves, abortion derived as wrong. The impact on the health of an individual
might not be good for short time period, as an individual body can be recover by time after abortion.
There re number of individual rights that can demonstrate the enough learning in the context of
right to freedom. The abortion can be legal if the right to freedom is applicable.
Case study
A 27 years old lady came in hospice claiming that she missed her mensuration from last two
consecutive months. She has nausea and having slight headache but not vomiting. According to her,
it getting worsen after she woke up from her bed. She has lost her appetite, and no abdominal pain
as well, she was worried if she is pregnant which is unplanned, unsupported. She is married to man
who encounters an accident and passed away. She is not able to deal hospice fees as well.

physical examination debits there are vital signs, laboratory signs of an individual are Urine HCG
test result affirmative. In this ethical dilemma which can be conducted where there two choices and
which is better choice is best to opt in order to solve by available options.
Ethical Dilemma of unwanted pregnancy
As per the reports, ethical dilemma arises when the health care professional gets in twisted
situation, where they have to tackle with difficult situation. Where if they refuse to abort, so there
will be risk, wither an individual opt a unsafe abortion or she will decide safety by her won and
risking her live. Another if an health care professional choose to perform and conduct the operation
then he surely goes against the law. This is one of ethical dilemma while serving his services in the
health care organisation “respecting patient's autonomy and eliminating or terminating pregnancy vs
respecting and obeying law of abortion of country.
In the chosen case study, it is best to conduct free will option. If an individual want to abort
fetus she should be allowed to carry out an operation. There can be justified reasons such as lack of
financial resource, as the lady gives a birth to a child, she needs financial source so that she can
bring best in her infant. Based on Penal Code of the Federal Democratic Republic article, a
pregnancy which is due to rape or incest the induced abort will not be considered as punishable.
Also in addition to this, it is not punishable if the new born is deform or any mental disability
appeared in the diagnosis.
Rules Of Health Practitioners
There are numerous rules and regulation in the filed of health practitioners. They work in
ethical and also in moral way. The Abortion Act 1967 as modified and upgraded by Human
Fertilisation and Embryology Act 1990. it has been concluded that the pregnancy which is 24th
week, it involves countless risk factors for an health of individual. The two practitioners also have
formed good faith as if child born he or she might suffer from any disabilities and mostly
handicapped in situations. Due to pandemic there are major temporary changes also took over as
females asked to take drug called mifepristone for home early medical abortions (EMA) and also
counselling performed by video calling as well as remote prescribing.
ethical and professional principles influencing decision making in health and social care
The ethics and principles are important in health and social care which emphasized the
virtue that were used to guide attitude and behaviour of health care professionals. As per the studies,
the responsible decisions depends on morals, goals, interest, rights as well as conflicted opinions of
an individual. The issues can be decision making and problem solving in the case of As per the
utilitarian approach in hospitals it has been determined that decisions are selected or chosen as per
the great amount of benefits must be obtained through it. As in the case of abortion, there are

selected benefits which can be derived through. Examples of utilitarianism in medical care can be
recognized through by gaining the goal and setting in hospitals. The resuscitation of new infants is a
biggest examples of this theory. It has been divided into two major parts which are act utilitarianism
and rule utilitarianism. As per the studies, the act deals with decisions which should be undertaken
for each persons analysing and observing the benefits and risks and over all promoting the better
outcomes. Whereas rule utilitarianism it works as in morally correct or right step is an action that
can be complying with each moral and support given to an individual in order to recover an d
prevent from illness. As per study, it has been concluded that this might be time and energy wasting
process . Although, health care professional make their decision by analysing and observing the
health conditions of an individual as well as the decision should fulfil basic needs of fundamental
ethical principles.
In contrast the deontology is principle is a ethics of duty where the mortality of an actions
may rely or depend on the nature and environment of the actions that can be risk or hazards
considered to be unacceptable irrespective of its major outcomes. As this concept was introduced in
1989, and till now nit has been adopted and implemented in such cases through health care
professionals. As this approach is duty based approach. In this approach the decisions which are
made are good and beneficial for an individual but might not produce best outcomes for the society.
Professional issues:
In the case of abortion, there should be equal support and respect, there should be no
discrimination in environment. The professional issues might occur as abortion is legally not
allowed in some countries, and if a health care professional is undergoing with treatment and
diagnosis. The relationship that can be considered as nurse probationers may undergo in ethical
dilemma in deciding what is best for an individual and which participial step may provide a better
outcomes and result. The nurse practitioners are also allows to follow the code of ethics, In the
process of abortion that may describe saving or preserving life, not destroying it. Was per the
studies, there are limit of codes that can be derived through as abortion can be carry out only 24 th
week of pregnancy, more than are not eligible for the process. If it is perform through health care
professional it will come under Criminal Code. Te late abortion also may referent numerous of side
effect and the health factor of females body get affected. Inertial organs of female can be disturbed
if she undergoes with abortion process.
Ethical principles:
In the field of medicine this approach may involve the principle that may highly obligates
both persons clinicians as well as policy makers that have to take vulnerable decision for a patient
and the decision should not go against the law. As the abortion is completely legal in some countries
so there can be enough queries in regards with what should ethical principle demonstrate about
abortion ethically. The beneficence can be applicable in abortion, the health care professional

undergoes along with process by risk-benefit assessment. This is also applicable for family planning
programmes. Another the ethical principle which is applied is Justice, it is third leading way of
bioethics as well.
summary paragraph:
It has been summarised that the carrying out the process of abortion might be challenging
and risky for an individual. As it may affect the majorly on the health of an individual. The health
care professional also deals with issues in deciding which step is best of an individual in order to
provide the services and quality of care to a person. Usage of critical thinking and risk assessment
should be done which are based on the health report of person. In some cases the person health
condition are not eligible for abortion.
Personal reflection on abortion
As per the studies, it has been considered as there are conflicts with in pro-life and pro-
choice. I used to be pro-life individual. According to may view, abortion should be done if an
individual who is suffering is agree with the process. The case which have witnessed, when I was
working as a intern in a hospital where a one lady came and claimed that she has been dealing with
minor health issues but it is becoming worse day by day. The diagnosis state that the lady is 15th
week pregnant, as she is single lady, she asked to abort. Due to code of ethics, hospice staff asked
her come with her local guardian who can assist her and also provide her moral support in order to
overcome with situation.
CONCLUSION
It has been concluded that abortion, it can be done if an individual is not capable of carry out best in
an individual. As there number of ethics and principles as well as legal frameworks which are
applied in the case of abortion. Abortion is harmful and in some critical and complicated case, an
individual might lead to morbidity and mortality.
As per the report, it may also reflect that the females who opt this process also deal with
complexity while carrying child in future. In the filed of science, females can also have issues with
their health factor that may also terminate and disturb their mensuration cycle. It has been derived
that an individual might not eligible if pregnancy becomes mature, as the fetus in a body grows and
develop itself in a body that can be quickly and also depend on the females diet check. It can be also
determinants of abortion may provide the factors which are harmful and also outcomes and
consequences are shown essential pattern. For examples, the abortion is not eligible for young girls
but it is applicable for married people for the limited candidates in a family. The safe abortion might
take a long process in order to track history of an individual who bis going to take procedure, but
might not be induce any harmful affect for an individual in future terms.

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