Health and Safety Management Report - UCLan BN3720, Semester 1

This report examines health and safety management practices within the construction industry, particularly focusing on high-risk construction works in Hong Kong. It delves into various aspects, including the identification of high-risk activities, such as working at heights and handling hazardous materials, referencing official records and legislation. The report explores the importance of Occupational Safety and Health (OSH) concepts, including training programs for awareness, hazard identification, and control. It also discusses accident causation models, such as the functional resonance accident model (FRAM) and the systems-theoretic accident model and process (STAMP), analyzing factors that contribute to accidents. Furthermore, the report highlights current legislation and technical guidelines related to competent persons, registered workers, and operators, emphasizing the role of the Construction Workers Registration Ordinance. It evaluates the effectiveness of registration systems in accident prevention and concludes with recommendations to enhance safety measures within the construction industry.

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HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT
Date
Author’s Name
Professor’s Name
Institution
Contents

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1.0 Introduction..........................................................................................................................3
1.1 High- risk construction works according to official records...............................................3
2.0 OSH safety concepts.............................................................................................................4
2.1 Provide program awareness training.....................................................................................4
2.2 Train employers, managers and supervisors on their roles in the program......................5
2.3 Train workers on their roles in safety and health program................................................5
2.4 Train workers on hazard identification and controls.....................................................6
3.0 Causes of accident or incidents according to accident causation model.........................6
4.0 The current legislation and technical guidelines on the requirements of a competent
person registered/licensed/certified workers or operators.....................................................7
5.0 The effectiveness of the registration system on accident prevention in high-risk
construction work......................................................................................................................9
6.0 Recommendation................................................................................................................10
7.0 Conclusion...........................................................................................................................11
8.0 Reference.............................................................................................................................13

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Health and Safety Management
1.0 Introduction
Managing the health and safety of employees in an organization in Hong Kong is significant.
The strategy minimizes the risks of injuries together with illness in the workstations.
Consequently, the approach identifies, assess and control the issues that may lead to various risks
impacting the health and safety of workers in their field of operation (Books, 2006). The
strategy applies to all the employees who engage in high-risk construction works. The high-risk
construction works may include risks like individuals falling from a communication tower whose
height is more than two meters. Another chance may involve destroying an element of a structure
that might be load-bearing (Council, 2012). A person is entitled to have a license before doing a
task classified as a high-risk work. For instance, Hong Kong devised an effective strategy which
obligated their workmen to be competent or certified or operators in Hong Kong concerning
safety legislations. According to the Construction Workers Registration Ordinance, Cap. 583
provides that individuals should be registered to be construction workers in a construction field
(Choudhry et al., 2008). The system is crucial because it plays a significant role to ensure the
workers in the construction industry are safe from illness, injuries and deaths.
1.1 High- risk construction works according to official records
Workers involved in high-risk construction works are likely to fall from places higher than
three meters like a telecommunication tower. Other kinds of high-risk construction works
include exposure to asbestos together with altering or repairing a structure to avoid collapsing
through the incorporation of temporary support (Walters and Nichols, 2007). Additionally, when

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individuals are working in a confined place, near a shaft or evening using explosives to complete
a task, those are considered as high-risk construction works.
2.0 OSH safety concepts
According to OSH, education and training provide the most vital tools to create awareness to
the bosses and workers regarding the workstation hazards and control to provide a secure
environment which increases productivity for everyone. The approach enlighten involved
individuals in various stations to understand multiple safety and health programs, subsequently
contributing to the implementation and the development of the programs. In most cases, the
education and training process takes place in a classroom (Man et al., 2017). Notably, peer-to-
peer training, on-the-job training and worksite demonstrations provide a platform to elaborate on
the safety concepts for the proper understanding of risks and how to control them; thus
promoting a conducive environment with good working practice. The entire process is usually
divided into four parts which include program awareness training and training employers,
managers and supervisors to know their roles in the program. Also, the approach involves
training the employees regarding their roles in the safety and health program. Lastly, the fourth
part involves training workers on how to identify and control the risks (HSE, 1999).
2.1 Provide program awareness training
Understanding the structures, plans, and procedures of the program is very crucial for the
managers, workers and supervisors. Consequently, everyone will provide a joint effort to
develop, implement and improve the program. An organization can accomplish these goals by
training the concerned parties on the purposes and the procedures associated with safety and

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health policies (Books, 2009). The bosses and the employees can also be informed on emergency
protocols and contact person when faced with a hazard in a work station. Additionally,
individuals can be given the necessary information on the various risks and how to control them.
The workers should also be able to understand the language regarding the training to avoid
confusion. Furthermore, it is essential to ensure that all the workers report injuries, incident and
hazards without hesitation or fear (Choudhry et al., 2008).
2.2 Train employers, managers and supervisors on their roles in the program
Every boss should have the necessary knowledge regarding their roles when it comes to the
safety of their workers ant the rights of the employees as provide in the Occupational Safety and
Health Act (“Labour Department - What’s New,” n.d.). Proper training should also be provided
to the managers and supervisors on the procedures linked to responses associated with injuries,
illness and risk incidents reported by the workers. Additionally, they should be equipped with
fundamental concepts to identify and control hazards.
2.3 Train workers on their roles in safety and health program
The approach ensures that the employees report various concerns, injuries, incidences and
illness. In some cases, a digitized platform is utilized; thus, workers are equipped with necessary
computer skills o provide an accurate report. Moreover, the workers ask questions and give their
feedback regarding the entire training process (Man et al., 2017).

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2.4 Train workers on hazard identification and controls
Significantly, employees should be in a position to identify risks in a construction site and
eliminate or contain the situation. Job hazard analysis is an effective way to facilitate this
process. Notably, the workers should also be in a position to the hierarchy of controls and its
significance because this will increase their chances of controlling hazards effectively by
applying proper concepts and techniques (Lau et al., 2014).
3.0 Causes of accident or incidents according to accident causation model
Complex non-linear models highlight that variables which mutually interact are the significant
causes of accident in real time environments (Chiang et al., 2018). Additionally, the models
elaborate that accidents can be avoided once an individual understands the multiple interacting
factors. These models include functional resonance accident model (FRAM) and theoretic
accident model and process (STAMP) (Yeung et al., 2017). Employers value the costs and work
schedules than the welfare of the workers in construction sites. For instance, a boss may force an
employee to complete an assignment fast enough to save on the cost, an approach that has
negative impacts on the safety of the worker in the site. According to the models, accidents
mostly occur at construction sites when the workers are not equipped with of fall protection
when dealing with structures that are elevated, and at times, the individuals on the ground are not
even safe from falling objects (Evans and MING, 1982). Also, risks occur when the conditions of
the property are unsafe which is always coupled with hazardous equipment.
All these accidents can be avoided if precautions are taken, which includes equipping
employees with proper training and conducting safety meetings for the crew. Employers should
also ensure their workers have adequate clothing and protective gears while going to work.

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Furthermore, the workers can provide the working areas are clean to avoid unnecessary hazards
like the falls. The tools and equipment can also be maintained appropriately to prevent injuries in
the field (Pun et al., 2020).
4.0 The current legislation and technical guidelines on the requirements of a competent
person registered/licensed/certified workers or operators.
The safety of the workmen in Hong Kong is one of the top priority in various organizations
which includes industries and factories. Every individual must acquire the necessary certificates
or work in some as an operator is some safety legislation in Hong Kong to work in a high-risk
construction field (Chan et al., 2018). Legislations were introduced to increase the safety of the
safety and the performance of the employees in the field. For instance, the Construction Workers
Registration Ordinance, Cap. 583 has ensured that every construction workers are registered
(Chan et al., 2018). Legislations also ensures that contractors pay a levy to conduct any
construction activities. Consequently, it ensures that the existence of proper supervision of the
construction employees in high-risk construction sites.
The Ordinance, Cap. 123, which ensures that there is proper planning when designing and
constructing buildings associated with high-risk construction works. The approach provides that
various buildings and land are safe for construction (Chiang et al., 2018). The law clarifies that
premises comprise of structures like buildings for public entertainment, bridge, arch or any
structure meant for the storage of petroleum products, chimney, cowshed or dock. Also, the
Ordinance necessitates that their buildings are inspected and repaired regularly; to prevent any
injuries and hazards to the neighbourhood and employees. Additionally, the law specifies that

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structural engineers, geotechnical engineers, inspectors and contractors should all be registered
(Yeung et al., 2017).
There is an Ordinance related to electricity in Cap 405 in the Hong Kong legislation
approaches. The legislation outlines that all the generating facilities together with electrical
workers and contractors to be registered. The strategy as a significant role in ensuring proper
procedures are followed regarding electrical supplies together with electrical wiring and other
products regarding electricity (Wong et al., 2018). Moreover, it specifies that electrical supplies
and the government should strictly follow the rules under this Ordinance to minimize the
accidents attributed to electricity. Notably, the relevant authorities should come up with
measures activities involving electricity supply lines do not compromise the safety of individuals
and the mode of supplying the electricity (Man et al., 2017). For clarity, a director has a right to
ask for an accident report if an electrical installation is the principal cause of the accident.
Subsequently, the installation will be removed from the facility for further examination to rectify
the situation. The director has the authority to disconnect the electrical wiring urgently if the
owner of a premise does not comply with the rules and regulations for installation. Suppliers and
the owners installing this electricity should also abide by these procedures (Li, 2017).
Additionally, there is current legislation linked to the safety procedures while working in lifts
and towers. The bill is fully covered under the Builders’ Lifts and Tower Platform (Safety), Cap.
470. The legislation ensures that there is proper design, installation and maintenance of lifts and
towers (Li, 2017). The Ordinance deals with any work related to the installation, testing,
maintenance, repair or demolition of the elevator. Importantly, a competent operator should have
basic training to adhere to the general principles of constructing and operating lifts and towers.
Additionally, a qualified worker must have a relevant certificate in the lines of mechanical

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engineering, marine engineering or building services engineering. These should be backed up by
experience not less than three years (Walters and Nichols, 2007).
Another essential legislation which is related lifts and the escalators are the Lifts and
Escalators (Safety) which falls under Cap. 618. The rules in this ordinance ensure there is safety
in the lifts and escalators (Books, 2009). The strategy is achieved by registering all the workers,
contractors and engineers before working in the elevators or escalators. Any individual who does
not follow this procedure is liable to prosecution for breaking the law because he or she may risk
the lives of other individuals. The operators and the users of the lifts and escalators must ensure
the machines are in proper condition to prevent any accidents (Books, 2009).
5.0 The effectiveness of the registration system on accident prevention in high-risk
construction work
The approach has played a significant role in reducing the number of accidents in high-risk
construction works because the number of qualified and competent workers and operators have
increased. The employees also feel protected because there are no incidences of bosses
overworking employees in Hong Kong to save on cost (Pun et al., 2020). Additionally, there are
few incidences of individuals carrying goods which exceeds the capacity of the lift. Few
accidents have been witnessed in lift since the introduction of these rules in Hong Kong.
Regarding electrical installations, owners have learned to follow the rules because they risk
getting disconnection followed by prosecution in court because of committing an offence.
Consequently, the electrical wiring in high-risk construction sites has improved, reducing the
incidences of electrocution and other hazards (“Conviction_record_eng.pdf,” n.d.). Hong Kong
has also witnessed some decrease rate in the collapse of building and construction on land that is

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not appropriate for setting up structures. The initiative has been achieved due to legislations such
as the Construction Workers Registration Ordinance, Cap. 583 and Ordinance, Cap. 123
(“Labour Department - What’s New,” n.d.).
Statistically, Hong Kong experienced 35,964 cases of occupational injuries in 2018, a figure
which increased by 0.9% from 2017. However, 2018 saw the number of industrial accidents
decrease by 4.3% a value which stood at 10602 compared to the year 2017 (Pun et al., 2020).
Additionally, the accident rates per every 1000 workers significantly declined from 17.2% to
16.5%, meaning the incidences went down by 4% (Books, 2009). Comparing the high-risk
construction industry in Hong Kong, the country saw industrial accidents decline from 3902 in
the year 2017 to 3541 in the year 2018, and this marked improvement by 9.3%. Despite all the
success, the construction industry has witnessed the highest numbers of accidents and deaths
across all sectors in the past decades (Man et al., 2017).
6.0 Recommendation
Several approaches can be embraced by employers, workers and workers’ representative to
ensure everyone is safe in a construction site. Leaders should find ways to manage the hazards in
an organization. For instance, they can implement core values in the organization to improve the
safety and health of workers. The leaders should also commit to eliminating hazards by
providing adequate resources to execute safety and health initiatives (Choudhry et al., 2008).
Moreover, workers must actively participate in the safety and health programs to understand the
potential hazards in their line of work. The workers and employers should also be vigilant to
identify any new risks and how to manage them by frequently collecting relevant information on
the types of hazards and the causes (Choudhry et al., 2008). Subsequently, employers and

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workers can come up with appropriate measures to eliminate the accidents, thus maintaining the
safety and health o workers in high-risk construction sites. According to OSH, the approach is
achievable using the hierarchy of controls to identify and evaluate the accidents and the potential
injuries and illness they may cause to individuals (“Hong Kong e-Legislation - Home,” n.d.).
Also, proper education and training can be provided to the worker and employers to provide
the necessary information about hazards and how to control them. Education and training will
also equip managers in various factories and industries in Hong Kong with a proper
understanding of the safety and health programs (Evans and MING, 1982). Consequently, they
can play a vital role in the implementation and development of the program. Evaluation and
improvement of the safety and health initiatives after establishment for proper execution and this
will ensure the goals of keeping the workers safe are achieved. Therefore, workers and
employers are the critical tools needed to ensure there is safety in high-risk construction works,
and this will minimize the accidents and deaths in the site (Pun et al., 2020).
7.0 Conclusion
In conclusion, the safety and health of workers in high-risk construction areas are essential.
According to research, the high-risk construction works may include risks like individuals falling
from a communication tower whose height is more than two meters. Another risk may involve
destroying an element of a structure that might be load-bearing. A person is entitled to have a
license before doing a task classified as a high-risk work. Complex non-linear models highlight
that variables which mutually interact are the significant causes of accident in real time
environments. Additionally, the models elaborate that accidents can be avoided once an
individual understands the multiple interacting factors. These models include functional

HEALTH AND SAFETY MANAGEMENT 12
resonance accident model (FRAM) and theoretic accident model and process (STAMP).
According to the models, accidents mostly occur at construction sites when the workers are not
equipped with of fall protection when dealing with structures that are elevated, and at times, the
individuals on the ground are not even safe from falling objects.
Significantly, legislations were introduced as an approach to increase the safety of the safety
and the performance of the employees in the field. For instance, the Construction Workers
Registration Ordinance, Cap. 583 has ensured that every construction workers are registered.
Also, there is an Ordinance related to electricity in Cap 405 in the Hong Kong legislation
approaches which outline all the generating facilities together with electrical workers and
contractors to be registered for safety purposes. According to OSH, education and training
provide the essential tools to create awareness to the bosses and workers regarding the
workstation hazards and control to provide a secure environment which increases productivity
for everyone. Therefore, Hong Kong has made eminent steps to ensure the health and safety of
high-risk construction workers are safe and healthy.