Action Research: Views on Safeguarding Vulnerable Adults in Redbridge

This report presents an action research study examining the views of service providers on safeguarding vulnerable adults from neglect and abuse within nursing homes in the Redbridge Borough of London. The research investigates the implementation of person-centered care approaches as a means of improving care and reducing instances of abuse and neglect. The study includes a comprehensive literature review, exploring the concept of person-centered care, its significance in providing optimum health services, and its contribution to safeguarding vulnerable adults. The research methodology outlines the approach taken, including ethical considerations and data analysis. The findings are presented, followed by conclusions and recommendations for future development, emphasizing the importance of person-centered care in enhancing the well-being and safety of vulnerable adults in nursing home settings. The report also presents the reasons for choosing the research, research aim, objectives and questions. This comprehensive analysis aims to contribute to the ongoing efforts to improve healthcare services and protect vulnerable individuals.

Innovation and
Improvement through
Action Research

Table of Contents
Title..................................................................................................................................................1
Introduction......................................................................................................................................1
Literature Review.............................................................................................................................4
Research Methodology....................................................................................................................7
Ethical Consideration.......................................................................................................................9
Action Research.............................................................................................................................10
Data Analysis and Interpretation...................................................................................................13
Conclusion and Recommendation.................................................................................................23
Conclusion............................................................................................................................23
Recommendation..................................................................................................................23
Future development Needs............................................................................................................24
References......................................................................................................................................25

Title
Examine the view of service providers on how to safeguard vulnerable adults from neglect
and abuse in nursing homes in Redbridge Borough of London.
Introduction
Overview of the Research
The study initiates to determine the views of services provider on how to safeguard
vulnerable adults from neglect and abuse in nursing homes. Therefore, safeguarding of adults is
recognised to be the major concern of health care professionals, this the nursing homes and their
professionals are very much concern over improvising their facilities to provide effective
services to the adults and also develop appropriate measures to reducing abuses and negligence
(Mandelstam, 2011). The growth of care homes mainly resulted through a societal requirement
to look after vulnerable individual through tedious requirement of care. Therefore, Care homes
significantly represent a communal environment where health and social care staff meet the
cognitive and physical needs of residents on a 24-hour basis. The terminology to determine care
homes is diverse, likewise group homes, nursing homes, residential care facilities, and long-term
care for older people. Therefore, for the intention of improvising the services of nursing homes
the professionals and care homes are concern over implementing person cantered care
approaches in respect to providing effective facilities to the vulnerable adults and protecting
them from abuse and negligence. There are large number of adults whom were suffered from
abuse and neglect in nursing homes. This can be determined from the presented data and
information. In the time of assortment an aggregate of 639 Protection of Vulnerable Adult
referrals were gotten over the entirety of the taking part specialists. Nonetheless, in certain
classes there was a huge level of data that was obscure. Women were distinguished as the
casualties of maltreatment in 64% (409) of referrals got as restricted to men who made up 36%
(230). A larger part of the referrals was for survivors of misuse matured 65 and over (54.8%).
There were additionally a high number of referrals for casualties matured somewhere in the
range of 18 and 64 (40.8%). Most of referrals demonstrated the casualties of maltreatment to be
White British (68.1%) with the following single most elevated classification as Black Caribbean
(2%). It is significant that in 22.5 of referrals the ethnic starting point of the casualty stayed
obscure. From the data provided, 14.4% (92) of helpless grown-ups had recently been alluded in
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a half year before the assortment time frame as well as during the assortment time frame as
casualties of misuse. 10.8% (69) of specialist organizations were the subject of a referral,
concerning either a claim of maltreatment by them, either as an assistance or including an
individual from their staff during the equivalent timescale. 7.5% (48) of supposed culprits had
recently been alluded for comparative reasons during the equivalent timescale. More established
People spoke to the single biggest class at 32.9% (210) of casualties. A further 3.6% (23) were
remembered for the Older People with Mental Health classification. Learning Disability was the
following biggest gathering (25.4%). For better understanding of the health and social care
context, study has been executed over Redbridge Borough of London; therefore, it is a London
borough in East London, England (Cooper and et. al., 2015)
. The Redbridge area is mainly formed as a part of the ancient parish of Barking, Essex
and become the part of the new civil parish of Illford in 1888 and the borough was implemented
in the year of 1965 by the London Government Act 1963. The resident population of Redbridge
was developed with 3700 individual and estimated of around 288,300 which shows a increase
range of population and Redbridge is recognised as the largest area of London. However, due to
high population range Redbridge is termed to be the effective area for consideration to execute
analysis over health and social care term.
Reason for choosing the Research
The project into undertaking is based on analysing the view of service providers
regarding implementation of person cantered care approach to safeguard vulnerable adults from
neglect and abuse in nursing homes, therefore, it is a wider area of academic research, which is
imperative in providing wider knowledge base to the people who are interested towards the area
of health care and wellbeing of people (Preston-Shoot, M., 2019). The potential intention for
choosing this analysis is that, suitable health care services are being the major challenge for the
nursing homes and the knowledge about the suitable approach implementation is required to
improvise the wellbeing of people. This study is mainly effective for the students who are beings
from the health care background or the professionals who wants to improvise their facilities for
people. In addition, the another intention for executing this analysis is the person interest of the
researcher as the investigator wants to develop knowledge about the specific area (Brown, 2019).
Research Aim:
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“To analyse the view of service providers regarding implementation of person centred
care approach to safeguard vulnerable adults from neglect and abuse in nursing homes”. A case
study on Redbridge Borough of London.
Research Objectives:
This defines to be the another important area of an exploration as it helps in assisting the
investigator to implement the investigation in right manner to reaching at the key results
(Pritchard-Jones, 2016). therefore, the key objectives of this analysis are associated as under:
 To analyze the concept of person centred care approach
 To analyze the importance of person centred care approach in providing optimum health
services to all individuals of society
 To analyze the contribution of person centred care approach in safeguarding vulnerable
adults from neglect and abuse in nursing homes
Research Question:
What is the view of service providers regarding implementation of person cantered care
approach to safeguard vulnerable adults from neglect and abuse in nursing homes?
Sub-questions of research:
 Explain about the concept of person centred care approach.
 What are the significances of person centred care approach in providing optimum health
services to all individuals of society?
 How person centred care approach contribute in safeguarding vulnerable adults from
neglect and abuse in nursing homes?
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Literature Review
Literature review is effective in this present care to provide detailed analysis over the area of
analyse the view of service providers regarding implementation of person cantered care approach
to safeguard vulnerable adults from neglect and abuse in nursing homes, with the suitable
assistance of liable resources and the opinion analysis of authors and writers (Kong and Keene,
2018). Therefore, in this present analysis information is mainly gathered through secondary
aspects like books, journals, published articles and so on.
The concept of person centred care approach
As per the views analysis of Liz Burton, 2018, person centred care approach is one the key
aspect which is mainly encompasses over the 13 fundamental standards of care which the care
quality commission needs healthcare providers to meet. Therefore, under the person centred care
approach health and social care professionals are works collaboratively with the intention
delivering appropriate facilities to the service users. Person-centred care mainly supports
individual to develop the acquaintance, skills and confidence which are needed by them for the
purpose of effectively manage and make informed decisions in regards to their own health and
health care. In addition to this, it also imperative in coordinated and tailored to the requirements
of the individual. And, crucially, it ensures that individual is always treated with dignity,
compassion and respect (Preston-Shoot, 2019). In the context of health and social care, person
centred care approach, plays an effective part in providing appropriate health care facilities to the
people who are needy and needs proper care to be get fit and live an effective life, therefore,
person centred care approach provides guidance to the health care professions to workers to
provide equal treatment to the people and mainly render effective facilities and safeguard
vulnerable adults from neglect and abuse in nursing homes. In addition to this, person centred
care approach is tied in with giving equivalent help to all independent to the any related factor
(Levitt, 2012). It is the privilege of every individual that they should accomplish better
consideration benefits that guide in shielding their life. Here, it is essential to find out about the
conduct of patients and learn information about their issues to give viable consideration. This
must be done in the manner when clinical experts give equivalent significance to all patients and
give chance to successfully clarify their issues and their behind causes. It benefits the experts in
drug where they can give the consideration as per their particular needs (Hood, Nilsson and
Habibi, 2019).
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The importance of person centred care approach in providing optimum health services to all
individuals of society
According to the views expressed by Walji, Karimbux and Spielman, 2017, patient centred
care approach is recognised to be the imperative strategy which is significant in making care
which is more tailored to the needs of patients with multi morbidity. Personal centred care
approach is mainly defined as to providing care which is respectful of and responsive to
individual patient preferences, needs, and values and ensuring that patient values guide all
clinical decisions in imperative manner. The person centred care approach has assorted
significance in the context of providing optimum health care facilities to the people in society,
thus, the major importance are Determination of actual issue and causes, Equal assistance to all,
Improve the quality of the service, Enhancing patients experience (Goodhart, 2013). Therefore,
these are the major significance of person centred care approach, thus these ensure the optimum
health facilities to the people. In addition to this, it also improves individual independence within
the health care centre and also motivates patients to implement positive health behaviours which
advance and help them manage their own health conditions. However, for these significant
benefits, in today’s modern era nursing homes are concern over implementing person centred
care approach for the intention of promoting individual working (Herring, 2016). Person centred
care approach give the chance to get the information about conduct, issues and causes related
with persistent. This can be additionally utilized with the end goal of better consideration as
indicated by body need. The benefit of applying person centred care approach will also be
optimally ascertained in case of reducing neglect and abuse issues with patients. This is so
because in person centred care approach, individual consideration is provided to all and
treatment is provided after recognition of their all requirements i.e. cause of disease, type &
nature of body and any medical history or not. All these aspects have huge positive contribution
towards the providence of effective treatment to all patients through which they will able to
recover in earliest possible manner from their issues. The adoption of this approach not only
having the contribution towards improvement of health care service but also aid in removal of
many internal issues that have negative impact over the health and perception of patients towards
the services of care home. The major internal issue that present in care homes is related to
neglect and abuse. The adoption of person centred care approach brings an obligation over the
staff and other professionals associated with the care of a patient that perform their activities
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properly and in accordance to the standards and policies. If they will indulge in some unwanted
activities and identified as the culprit of neglect and abuse with patient, then must facing the
negative consequences that resultant into discontinuation of their service along with cancellation
medical certificate. This information clearly depicts that contribution of person centred care
approach is not limited up to the improvement of health care service simultaneously aid in
removal of major internal issues like abuse and neglect.
The contribution of person centred care approach in safeguarding vulnerable adults from
neglect and abuse in nursing homes
As per the views analysis of Tove K. Vassbø, Marit Kirkevold, David Edvardsson, Karin
Sjögren, Qarin Lood & Ådel Bergland, 2019, A person-centred care approach to nursing mainly
concern over the individual's personal requirements, wants, desires and targets so that they
become central to the care and nursing process. This can also mean to putting the individual’s
requirements, as they define them, above those identified as priorities by healthcare
professionals. Therefore, person centred care is referring as the most recognised approach which
is significantly implemented by the nursing homes for the intention of improvising their facilities
and the services that are offered to the people. However, person centred care approach has its
major contribution in providing equal treatment to the people without neglecting them within the
nursing homes, the approach binds care professionals to provide equal facilities to the people and
not neglecting them (Care Quality Commission, 2013). Furthermore, the approach also
significant in restricting over abuse, thus person centred care approach is encompassing over
government obligatory bodies and under this abuse is recognised as the major crime, so this also
bind the service provider or professionals to render effective facilities and do on abuse.
Therefore, if in any case any cause is registered in against of professionals than they will have to
ready for facing negative consequences. The person centred care approach also promotes Health
care facility that matters for patients and their health condition, thus, under the boundaries of this
approach, the professionals are needs to ensure their patients to render effective health care
benefits that are significant in terms of improvising their health condition (Akua-Sakyiwah,
2012). Rendering time and cost effective facilities are also termed as the another contribution of
person centred care approach, thus this mainly implemented by the nursing homes to ensure
effective and cost effective facilities to the people.
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Determination about the term of neglect and abuse along with the situations when it occurs
is important to know. This has significant level of importance in the direction of identifying
cases and their removal for providence of effective treatment. Abuse and neglect are regularly
experienced in both adult and the older. It happens when a caregiver, regardless of whether
through unyielding activity or absence of proper activity, makes damage or trouble the individual
under their consideration. The casualties can be experienced in various human services settings
and might be in danger of different wellbeing outcomes. The ideal result for these people may
rely on early acknowledgment of the signs and indications of misuse or potentially disregard and
brief assessment. This can incorporate physical maltreatment, sexual maltreatment or misuse,
mental maltreatment, disregard or surrender, and imprisonment. Inclining factors for adult abuse
and disregard are multifactorial, going from financial stressors to hurtful social practices all
adding to the different level of weakness among the world grown-up populace. Some of the
common categories in which it exists at maximum level includes poor socioeconomic status,
domestic violence case, drug and alcohol addict, gender discrimination case and unwanted or
unplanned pregnancy. These are the all situations when patient need most care from others for
the purpose of recovery from trauma. But, the same is not present in actual because in all these
cases observed that they were neglected or abused by the staff and caregivers. This was
happened with them because they were so distressed in the situation that unable to know what is
happening and what they have to do to safeguard themselves. In the situation, the main
obligation is upon the management and professionals of care home that adopt such approaches
that will help to provide best care and simultaneously govern the activities of other staff
members that they never work beyond to the policies and standards of care home. The one best
approach that will help to serve both aims of care is person centred care. This provides an
opportunity to all the patients that they will going to be treat on the basis of their actual cause
and need of body. Here, professionals under the obligation that check the patients personally and
made the report about the health of patient. The personal level of daily regulation and checking
eliminates the chance of neglect and abuse with patients in nursing homes. Also, this will
diminish the any point of neglect and abuse from the side of professionals because they have to
submit the daily medical report. So, this is the best approach that help the nursing homes to
eliminate the issue of neglect and abuse from their premises along with development of
atmosphere where focus will be provided on effective care with requirements of patient.
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Research Methodology
This comprise to be the most basic piece of research project as it helps in do the entire
research exercises in very much arranged way. This piece of research depends on certain
applications which are critical to the examination and aides in coming to at conclusive outcome
and result (Cave, 2017). This section of a research helps in providing suitable assistance to the
investigator to execute the research activities in effective manner to drawn valid and reliable
results, thus, appropriate selection of methodologies is required to assist the investigation over
the area of analysing the view of service providers regarding implementation of person cantered
care approach to safeguard vulnerable adults from neglect and abuse in nursing homes. The
suitable selections of methodologies are associated as under:
Type of Investigation: The selection of investigation type is recognised to be the most important
area of research methodology as the entire execution of the research is based on the selection of
research type, Therefore, the choice is mainly in corporate over qualitative and quantitative
research types (Braye and Preston-Shoot, 2016). However, the choice is being made by the
investigator via considering data that are accumulated to assist the work. For undertaking the
present investigation area quantitative research has been implemented by the researcher as it is
best possible method for execution of investigation based on evaluating the execution of person
centred care approach to safeguard vulnerable adults from neglect and abuse in nursing homes
via the assistance of gathering numerical or factual information that are efficient in generating
valuable results (Morris and Nott, 2018).
Research Approach: This is likewise an another basic piece of research technique as in this
researcher is having alternative to choose most appropriate methodology so as to executing all
examination exercises and tasks in successful and proficient way (Porteous, Adler and Davidson,
2015). This section is mainly encompasses over two imperative aspects i.e. deductive and
inductive research approach, therefore, the selection of approach is mainly based on the
investigation type and in the context of this present investigation work, deductive research
approach is being applied by the investigator because it is well established approach for
quantitative research and helps in providing detailed information with the support of observing
views and evaluate theories and hypothesis that are based on the area of analysing the
implementation of person cantered care approach to safeguard vulnerable adults from neglect
and abuse in nursing homes (Stewart and Roberts, 2016).
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Research Philosophy: Research philosophy is defined as the set of thinking which has been
followed for executing a specific investigation by collecting, analysing and interpreting
information that are relay upon a specific subject area (Herring, 2020). There are basically two
form of investigation philosophy that are known as positivism and Interpretivism. For presenting
current study over the area of analysing the implementation of personal centred approach to
safeguard vulnerable adults from neglect and abuse in nursing homes, positivism philosophy has
been applied by the researcher because it terms to be the significant aspect which facilitates
detailed analysis via the views evaluation of authors and writers with actual facts and figures to
drawn valid and reliable results (Blake, 2013).
Data Collection Source: This area of methodology mainly encompasses over two aspects like
primary and secondary sources, therefore in the context of this present investigation both the
tools are equally significant to accumulate valid data that leads the whole investigation in the
manner of generating valuable outcome. However, primary research is being considered for
gathering data that are specific for analysing the implementation of person cantered care
approach to safeguard vulnerable adults from neglect and abuse in nursing homes, as in this
information accumulation is based on questionnaire and this is filled via executing survey among
the respondents (Herring, 2014). Despite from this, secondary investigation is significant in
developing theoretical perspective via implementing literature review with the suitable support
of analysing books, journals, articles and past investigations that are based on the specific area of
study.
Data Sampling Tools: Sampling mainly defined to the procedure of selecting sample through
actual population. There are two form of sampling that are defined as probability and non-
probability. Within this present investigation work, random sampling under probability sampling
has been used by researcher to gather information, therefore 40 respondents are being select by
the researcher who are the service provider of Redbridge Borough of London, as they
are the appropriate selection made by the researcher because they are more
liable in providing valid data to reaching at potential results (Vizard and
Burchardt, 2015).
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