Report: Management of Acute and Long-Term Asthma Conditions

This report presents a comprehensive analysis of asthma management, focusing on both acute and long-term care strategies through a case study of a 38-year-old patient named James. It delves into the physiological and psychological factors influencing asthma, including the impact of smoking, allergies, and mental health issues like anxiety and depression. The report explores the pathophysiology of asthma, including bronchoconstriction and the use of diagnostic tools like chest X-rays. It analyzes the effectiveness of evidence-based interventions, such as randomized controlled trials and quick-relief medications, and emphasizes the importance of early recognition of clinical deterioration. The report highlights the significance of systematic assessment, collaboration among healthcare professionals, and personalized care plans, including medication management, action plans, and the role of exercise. It also underscores the impact of mental health on physical health and the need for tailored interventions to improve patient outcomes. The report provides valuable insights for healthcare professionals and students seeking to understand and effectively manage asthma.

Management of Acute and
Long-term Physical and
Mental Health Conditions
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Table of Contents
INTRODUCTION...........................................................................................................................3
Knowledge.......................................................................................................................................3
Information of physiology and patho-psychology of acute and long-term condition.................3
Thinking skills.................................................................................................................................4
Analysis of the effectiveness of a range of possible evidence for intervention...........................4
Interpret, demonstrate critical understanding of acute deterioration...........................................5
Subjective-based practical skills......................................................................................................6
Systematic and comprehensive assessment.................................................................................6
Immediate and personalised care for the people..........................................................................7
CONCLUSION................................................................................................................................7
REFERENCES................................................................................................................................8
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INTRODUCTION
An acute mental problem is generally categorized by a significant as well as distressing
symptom of a mental illness within the person. It would be individual initial experience of
mental condition that results a serious implication in the future. However, these types of patients
tend to require quick treatment along with the facility services. In fact, some of them need long-
term care as well as remain 12-18 months or more than a year (Peat Dutton, 2012). Therefore,
this project report intended to provide specific information regarding a James who is suffering
from Asthma. Hence, application of physiology and Patho-psychology of acute and long-term
situation to James assessment is done effectively. Apart from this, analysis of the effectiveness of
a wide range of reliable evidence in acute as well as society setting is made properly.
Knowledge
Information of physiology and patho-psychology of acute and long-term condition
According to the given case scenario, it has been seen that James who is a 38 year old
gentleman is suffering from asthma problems since their early childhood. The current situation of
James was very miserable because of accident he was admitted to the hospital. The mental
condition of James was not stable as well as not able to communicate any information to any
other staffs. However, in the most situations the patient tends to suffer with a lot of mental
problems that create anxiety, breath issues and heart racing. In most of the critical illness,
psychological variables could results in Asthma through different implication on treatment
adherence. On the other hand, the existence of a chronic as well as potentially life-threatening
problem might exert valuable amount of stress that tend to create an anxiety or sometime
depressive disorder emerges in James (Nair M. Peate I., 2013).
Specifically, there are various psychological factors that could impact asthma experience
and management. Anxiety and depression are some psychological factor that is associated with
the asthma experience. However, James was a regular smoker of a rolled cigarettes and
marijuana. In spite of knowing the fact, that he would be allergic to birch pollen and eye rashes.
Asthma generally impacts the lungs, but can also affect the brain functions by direct and indirect
sources. There are certain other studies that will suggested that asthma is negatively affect
cognition, whereas other have failed to determine asthma related cognitive facts.
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Patho- physiology of asthma: It has been seen that airflow limitation during asthma is
recurrent that can cause wide range of changes in the lungs of the patient. It includes:
Bronchoconstriction: In the case of asthma, the dominant physiological activities lead to
a medical symptom as well as consequent interference with the airflow. It will results in smooth
muscle contraction that arise quickly to a low flow of air in the lungs.
Chest and sinus X-rays: In case the doctors found symptoms of asthma is the patient,
they usually asked to do chest x-rays, blood test and CT scan and other important check-ups. It
happens to a complex option to determine the actually reason for the asthma attack. However, it
will lead to various respiratory problems that result in heavy mental stress with the patient. There
are other options such as pollen; dust mites, pet dander and allergies are main cause of asthma.
James was also having these symptoms that lead to a serious asthma problem (Trenoweth and
Moone, 2017).
Thinking skills
Analysis of the effectiveness of a range of possible evidence for intervention
According to the condition of James, it has been seen that survival from any stroke
initially could relies on the acute stage of specialist hospital care. However, the impact on James
health and well-being is a kind of long-term consequence that has been faced after the stroke
survivor leaves the hospital. In fact, most researchers have often found struggling with the gap
arises from the efficacy and effectiveness of medical assessment. The community healthcares for
Asthma management adapted randomize controlled trial that would results in evidence-based
asthma intervention in society health centres. However, the James with a moderate to a high
asthma was controlled from regular intervention (Naylor and et.al., 2012). During the
assessment, it has been noticed that he was using accessory muscles, but all respiratory
movement were symmetrical. Although, wheezing on both inspiration as well as expiration,
whereas more marked on expiration. Henceforth, it was hard to measure their peak expiratory
flow rate because of respiratory problems. In the very first observation, it has been found that the
HR rate is 135b/3 and regular, BR 130/78 mmHg, RR 30c/m along with the temperature 36.0c.
However, it has been seen that asthma tends to be remain a tough challenge for the James.
According to the National institute of allergy and infection disease, the cause of asthma
as well as design intervention to overcome the problems of asthma morbidity tends to impact in
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the large population. All these evidence-based interventions were determined to be highly
efficacious in the treatment of Asthma that was conducted under the supervision of a specialist
medical professional. For the intervention purpose, it is important to investigate the effectiveness
of a particular treatment rather than testing the effects of a complex problems in which any of a
valuable combination of element might be efficacious. As per the report of NAEPP, it has been
observed that quick relief intervention will provide more control to the asthma patient for the
long-term control. Taking into account the interest of James, the medical staffs has implemented
an evidence based healthcare that aim on the providing a complex intervention by using a
therapy approach. An asthma diagnosis basically consists of a physical examination of James
health condition and a lung function test. It occurs at the time when a doctor is listening to James
lungs and evaluating the nasal and throat passageway (Porth, 2014).
Interpret, demonstrate critical understanding of acute deterioration
It is essential to determine early sign of clinical deterioration, because it would prevent
successive cardiopulmonary arrest as well as reduce mortality. But, sometime patient mental
condition deteriorates before nursing and other medical staffs recognise the sign of asthma.
However, it is crucial to assess the depth of each breath James takes, the rhythm of breathing as
well as chest movement is equal on either sides. Apart from this, the medical professional need
to measure peripheral oxygen saturation by using pulse oximeter applicable to the last part of
James finger. It is hard to determine the primary reason for the huge discrepancy between the
evaluations of severe asthma suggested by evidence-based regulation that are observed during
the clinical practice (Payne and et.al., 2013). Over the last couple of years, the management of
asthma have given lot of evidence for the assessment of various asthma problems in the hospital.
The main priority is to determine the patient those are having serious morbidity from
asthma. However, the actual sign in acute asthma condition are related to the respiratory rate
which is usually >30 breaths /min, HR >120 beats/m as well as use of accessory respiratory
muscles. All these particular sign are seen in the health condition of James when he was admitted
to the hospital. Apart from this, there are various other characteristic such as high flow of less
that 33% of estimated oxygen saturation and absence of audible breath sound over the chest.
Thus, it is important to provide beclomethasone treatment which is related to the improvement in
high expiratory flow and reduce in total number of exacerbation in the patient (Needham and
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et.al., 2012). It has been recommended to include beclomethasone 800g regularly will slowdown
the unfavourable impact of asthma.
Subjective-based practical skills
Systematic and comprehensive assessment
For every healthcare professional, it is important to have a proper collaboration in the
healthcare. It has been assume that a complementary roles as well as cooperatively working
jointly, sharing their role for resolving problems and make decision to design an effective care
plan for the patient care. According to the Normansell and et.al., 2014, it has been found that
patient that had being associated with their care as being provided by a expert team in which a
five times more likely to report confidence in their care providers. Being a effective health
professional, it is essential for the patient to communicate along with their staffs as well as take
positive advice to optimize patient care. However, any specific attempt to take decision in the
quality of health services will be incomplete without taking consideration of experience medical
staffs those are suffering from any acute disease. It is crucial to determine the service user’s
duty; valuable data could be obtained regarding the mental condition with the way that services
are being provided to assess the impact of efforts in order to improve the quality of care.
Asthma assessment is entirely relies on various factors that consists of a detailed medical
history, patient health symptoms and overall test results. However, it is important to examine the
nose, throat and breathing problems. The services users would wants to determine the common
sign of asthma such as coughing, chest tightness, and trouble in breathing and other allergies.
Moreover, James mental condition has high level of contact with the services over a long period
of time (Evidence based asthma intervention, 2015). The quality experience that services user is
especially considered as valuable for this group due to the assistance of service provider.
According to the mental act 1983, it tends to show a unique experience in health and social care.
The role of service user within health care is to improve the quality of patient care by using their
experience and clinical relevance skills. It would also make sure that the mental health services,
organization and regulation that are led by people to know their respective role while treating the
critical patient.
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Immediate and personalised care for the people
In order to provide proper treatment to the acute patient because it involve proper
learning to determine the primary cause to avoid the serious consequence in near future. In fact,
the prevention measure is the key to control the asthma attack before they begin. The service
users tends to make use of specific tools and tracking patient breathing to make sure that regular
asthma medication are working effectively.
Medication:
The proper medication is entirely depending upon the patient age, asthma triggers that
will help to reduce the inflammation in their airways that lead to serious problems. However,
long-term asthma control medication is more reliable option for the acute patient. Inhaled
corticosteroid, leukotriene and long-acting best agonists as well as theophylline (Action plan,
2015). Further, they need to have a quick-relief medication as per the condition of the patient
along with the allergy drugs.
Action plan: It is important to continuously work with the service users to develop an
asthma medical sheet that represent different types of medication, daily routine and other activity
for the patient. It will also consist of certain triggers as well as steps that are needed to avoid by
the patient. The health care professional would also recommend tracking the asthma symptoms
on a regular basis to monitor the condition of the patient. However, it has been also vital to do
regular exercise that can strengthen the patient heart and lungs that can assist in relieve asthma
symptoms. Henceforth, it tend to have primary role of professional those are involve in the care
of asthma people to ensure that all patient have a relevant advice to enable them a good health.
Similarly, inappropriate mental health can negatively impact on the physical health among the
patient. Therefore, an effective personalization tends to deliver an opportunity for NHS members
to think regarding the role of service users to access the implication of healthcare system.
CONCLUSION
From the above project report, it has been articulated that acute and mental health
problems are creating lot of serious implication on the people. It has been seen that healthcare
professional are working continuously to provide effective care to the patient. However, certain
complex need and co-morbidities and assessment tools are required to be taken into account so
that further implication can be avoided. Therefore, a well-organize action plan is required to be
take into account to deliver effective services to the affected patient.
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REFERENCES
Books and Journals:
Nair M. Peate I. (Editors), 2013. Fundamentals of Applied Pathophysiology: An Essential Guide
for Nursing & Healthcare Students. Chichester; John Wiley & Sons
Naylor, C., and et.al., 2012. Long-term conditions and mental health: the cost of co-morbidities.
Needham, D.M., and et.al., 2012. Improving long-term outcomes after discharge from intensive
care unit: report from a stakeholders' conference. Critical care medicine. 40(2). pp.502-
509.
Normansell, R., and et.al., 2014. Omalizumab for asthma in adults and children. Cochrane
database of systematic reviews. (1).
Payne, R.A., and et.al., 2013. The effect of physical multimorbidity, mental health conditions
and socioeconomic deprivation on unplanned admissions to hospital: a retrospective
cohort study. Cmaj. 185(5). pp.E221-E228.
Peat I. Dutton H. (Editors), 2012. Acute Nursing Care: Recognising and Responding to
Medical Emergencies. Abingdon; Routledge
Porth, CM. 2014. Essentials of pathophysiology International Edition 4th Ed Philadelphia,
Wolters Kluwer/Lippincott Williams and Wilkins.
Trenoweth S. & Moone N. (Editors), 2017. Psychosocial Assessment in Mental Health. London;
Sage.
Online
Action plan, 2015.[Online]. Available through :< https://www.mayoclinic.org/diseases-
conditions/asthma/diagnosis-treatment/drc-20369660>.
Evidence based asthma intervention, 2015.[Online]. Available through: <
https://pediatrics.aappublications.org/content/139/6/e20164221>.
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