Acute Severe Asthma: Comprehensive Analysis of Disease Progression

This report provides a detailed overview of acute severe asthma, a condition characterized by unresponsiveness to corticosteroids and bronchodilators, potentially leading to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). It explores the etiology of the condition, differentiating between atopic and non-atopic causes, including genetic predispositions, allergen inhalation, and food allergens. The report delves into the pathogenesis of acute severe asthma, highlighting bronchial hyperresponsiveness and chronic inflammation, and outlines diagnostic methods such as peak flow and spirometry. Treatment strategies, including pharmacotherapy with bronchodilators, anticholinergics, and anti-inflammatory agents, are discussed alongside nursing and non-pharmacological interventions like oxygenation. The document also addresses the disease's progression, prognosis, and preventive measures, emphasizing the importance of monitoring asthma and avoiding triggers to prevent permanent lung damage and the development of COPD. References are provided to support the information presented.

Acute Severe Asthma
Aetiology
 Genetic disorder related
to autoimmune disease
 Inhalation of allergens
 Food allergens [8]
Atopic Non-atopic
non-IgE
response to
ingestion of food
allergens [9]
Pathogenesis
Intermittent air flow obstruction
[3]
Bronchial hyper-
responsiveness [4]
Chronic
inflammation
permanent structural
changes hyper inflated
lung fields [5]
 airway
diameter
 response to
therapy
antigen/trigger exposure airway
inflammation [2]
Treatment
Bronchodilator
β2
antagonist/Salbutamol
Anticholinergic
Ipratropium bromide
Anti-inflammatory/
LABA
Corticosteroids
Magnesium sulphate
Pharmacothera
py
Nursing & non-
pharmacothera
py
Oxygenation for
SaO2>92%
Diagnosis
Peak flow, spirometry
[6]
mild/
moderate
severe/life-
threatening
Wheezing sound [7]
Acute Non-
acute
Course of
the
Disease
Prognosi
s Preventio
n
Lungs gets affected
[10]
Asthma later develops
into COPD [11]
Motoring asthma
though the
usage of peak
flow monitor,
avoiding dust
and pollution,
using inhaler
[12]
Acute asthma is the condition where body becomes
unresponsive towards the corticosteroids and
bronchodilators [1]
airway limitation  manifests
as Chronic obstructive
pulmonary disease

REFERENCE
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Pediatric Critical Care Medicine, 13(1), 28-31.
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