Case Study: Acute Exacerbation of Chronic Systolic Heart Failure

This report addresses the acute exacerbation of chronic systolic heart failure, focusing on a case study of a 78-year-old female, Mrs. Brown. It begins with a concept map outlining the causes, pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic procedures, management, course, prognosis, and prevention of systolic heart failure. The report then delves into the underlying pathophysiology of the clinical manifestations, particularly severe breathlessness, bilateral basal crackles, and other vital signs. It discusses two high-priority nursing strategies, such as administering oxygen and monitoring vital signs, providing evidence-based rationales for each intervention. Finally, it examines the mechanism of action of IV Furosemide and sublingual Glyceryl Trinitrate and relates these to the underlying pathogenesis of an acute exacerbation of chronic systolic heart failure. The report incorporates six recent, relevant references, including journal articles and evidence-based resources, to support the analysis and recommendations.

Acute Exacerbation of Heart
Failure
Aetiology
It is a most common cause of
heart failure. It is caused
because of taking more
tension.
hypertension Irregular
pulseIt means that
the pulse rate of
a person are
very irregular
that is
sometimes it is
high sometimes
oit is low.
Pathogenesis
Decreased cardiac output- it
is evidenced with decrease n
room air breathing.
Systolic heart failure
Activation-
vasopression
Bilateral basal crackles in
lungs
Left ventricular function
Atrial fibrillation- is a common
chronic cardiac arrhythmia which
affects the person in form of heart
failure or stroke
Treatment
There are many
pharmacological
therapies like
furosemide and
glyceryl trinitrate.
Pharmacothera
py
Nursing & non-
pharmacothera
py
Also there are different
types of non
pharmacological
interventions which can
be used by nurses like
administering the heart
rhythm and monitoring
the oxygen saturation.
Diagnosis
Acute exacerbation
of chronic systolic
heart failure
Severe
dysnoea
Bilateral basal
crackles in lungs
Respiratory rate of 24
breathe per minute
BP at 170/ 95 mmHg
Pulse rate of
120 beats per
minute
Severe
breathle
ssness
Vital
sympto
ms
Course of the
Disease
Preventi
on
She was having medical history of
suffering from heart failure which
was diagnosed two years ago.
It can be prevented
by keeping a check on
the liquid intake of
the patient
Another thing which
can be done for
preventing this is to
check the pulse rate
from time- to- time
Another thing can be
to inspect the colour
of the skin from time-
It is a diseases which occurs when the
heart muscle do not pump the blood and
the arteries of the heart are narrowed
down.