Analysis of Adaptive and Innate Immune Systems - Biology Assignment

This assignment provides an overview of the human immune system, differentiating between the adaptive and innate immune systems. It explores the roles of humoral and cell-mediated immunity within the adaptive system, highlighting the function of B and T lymphocytes. The assignment also details the characteristics and mechanisms of the innate immune system, including physical and chemical barriers, and the differences between active and passive immunity. It references key sources to support the information presented, providing a comprehensive understanding of the immune system's components and functions. The assignment provides a comparison of the characteristics of innate and adaptive immunity, explaining the difference in time taken for the response to initiate, the duration of the response and the side effects associated with the immune response.

The Immune Response
The Immune Response
The innate immune response has physical and chemical barriers
 Primary barrier to microbial entry into the body: skin peeling, drying out, and the skin's
acidity all serve to dislodge or kill foreign pathogens
 Chemical barriers also exist once pathogens make it past the outer physical barriers; the
acidity of the stomach ensures that few organisms arriving with food survive the
digestive system.
The innate responses
The innate immune system is also called
as nonspecific immune system or in-
born immunity system. This system
comprises of cells and mechanisms that
defend the host from infection by other
organisms. This kind of immunity occurs
naturally due to genetic factors
or physiology. This reduces the workload
of adaptive immune response. . Innate
immune system consists of cells and
proteins that are always present and ready
to mobilize and fight microbes at the site
of infection (Parham, 2014).
Adaptive immune system
Adaptive immune system is also known
as the acquired immune system that
more rarely, as the specific immune
system. This is also called as a
subsystem of the overall immune
system. Two major types of adaptive
immune responses: humoral immunity,
mediated by antibodies produced by B
lymphocytes, and cell-mediated
immunity, mediated by T lymphocytes
(Mowat,and Agace, 2014).
Immune system is human body is called as a system of many biological structures that functions as protects of human body against diseases. In order to function properly, an immune system must detect a
wide variety of agents, which are further known as as pathogens. In the human body there are two different immune systems known as the innate immune system versus the adaptive immune system
(Immunology Module. 2016).
Active immunity
 Produces due to contact with pathogen
 Immunity doesn’t access quickly
 Lasts for a longer time of span
 Low level of side effects
Passive immunity
 Produces due to antibodies obtained from
outside
 Immunity develops immediately
 Immunity lasts for just few days
 Antibodies are obtained from outside
 During the development of passive immunity
body reacts to the introduction of antisera
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Difference between Active and passive immunity

Immunology Module. 2016. [Online]. Available at: < http://missinglink.ucsf.edu/lm/immunology_module/prologue/objectives/obj02.html> [Accessed on 29th February 2016].
Mowat, A.M. and Agace, W.W., 2014. Regional specialization within the intestinal immune system. Nature Reviews Immunology. 14(10). pp.667-685.
Parham, P., 2014. The immune system. Garland Science.