System Designs Report: Adaptive Methodologies for Business Operations

This report provides a comprehensive analysis of system designs and adaptive methodologies for a Melbourne-based business, Free Feet Socks Limited (FFSL). The report explores the application of Scrum, XP, and UP methodologies in the context of FFSL's business operations, which include purchasing raw materials from various countries and utilizing postal delivery services. The report also incorporates a memorandum discussing the integration of human-computer interaction (HCI) processes into the company's operations, focusing on the advantages of gesture control technology. The report includes comparisons of the three adaptive methodologies, their advantages, and disadvantages, with a recommendation to implement the Scrum methodology. The report is well-structured, including an introduction, discussion, recommendations, and conclusion, along with an appendix that provides detailed information on human-computer interaction and relevant considerations for project implementation.

Running head: SYSTEM DESIGNS
System designs
Name of the student
Name of the University
Author Note

1SYSTEM DESIGNS
Part A:
This section includes a report and memorandum to be discussed as a report.
Introduction:
The following report discusses about the business operations of a Melbourne based
business. The chosen company is the Free Feet Socks Limited (FFSL) and the chosen country is
Australia. The main operations of the business include purchasing raw materials from three
different countries and selling them by using postal delivery services. This report discusses
about the adaptive development methods. This process depicts the use of various applications
and processes with respect to the normal work processes. The report also includes the definitions
of three different adaptive methodologies which include the Scrum, XP and the UP methods.
Moreover, the report also includes a memorandum regarding the inclusion of the human
computer interaction processes to be integrated in the normal business operations of the
concerned company.
Discussion:
This section of the report includes a general comparison among three different adaptive
methodologies which include the Scrum, XP and the UP methods.
Adaptive methodology 1:
This section of the report discusses about the Scrum methodology.
Discussion:
The Scrum is a technology which is used for the development of a software technology.
This method involves segmenting the entire project scope into various sub-processes to be

2SYSTEM DESIGNS
completed by various teams of developers. These teams are responsible for completing the tasks
and updating their progresses with each 15 min intervals (Łukasiewicz and Miler 2012). This
method is similar to the agile project management methods which consist of the empirical
methods of system developments. The main use of this development process is to increase the
productivity of the project by applying a significant reduction in time to accomplish them. In
addition, the use of the Scrum methods is also adopted during the management of extreme
programming (XP) based projects. The basic considerations of the XP projects aims to answer
the questions of the team associated along with the considerations to be taken for meeting the
customer’s perspectives.
Advantages:
The first advantage of the Scrum method is that it can be used to know the outcome of a
hard project. This can be used to let the managers know about the outcomes and apply the
solutions accordingly.
The next advantage of this method is that it can be used to quickly apply the changes in
the project and the presence of errors can be removed. This can be used to increase the efficiency
in productivity of the project development methods.
The third advantage of this method is that it can be used to increase the visibility of the
project steps (Mahalakshmi and Sundararajan 2013). This is done by frequently updating the
progress of the project and thus helps to increase the visibility of it.
The last advantage of this method is that it can be used with any technologies especially
the web 2.0 which helps in developing a more efficient and cheaper productivity.

3SYSTEM DESIGNS
Disadvantages:
The first disadvantage is the need for specifying the requirements of a project. In case it
is not specified correctly, the costs and time aspects will cause hindrance to the progress of the
project development.
The next disadvantage is that it can only be used by small teams and not with larger
teams. In addition, the need for experienced member is also another factor that causes hindrances
to the project progress.
Adaptive methodology 2:
This section discusses about the XP methodology (Extreme programming) which is also
to be included in the business operations of the company.
Discussion:
The extreme programming method is used for the development of a software process in
compliance with the changes in the consumer demands. The basic methods applied by these
methods include the addition of various checkpoints in the progress where new considerations
relating to the customer need scan be applied in the progress of the project (Ghani and Yasin
2013). The main considerations of this project are that it applied the innovations in the respective
developer teams to successfully apply the changes in the development progress in a more
efficient manner.
Advantages:
The main advantages of the extreme programming methodology are the presence of time
and cost management of the associated companies. Due to the fact that the Extreme

4SYSTEM DESIGNS
programming is used for delivering a time focused solutions, the need for time management is
facilitated by the use of such methods of project software development.
In addition, the use of such software methods can help to reduce the cost for the
development of program codes. As the use of such methods by the team members are used to
focus on the codes and not on the documentation part of the program, the cost needed for its
implementation is reduced to a much extent. The problems among code discrepancies are usually
solved by discussing among the team members.
Moreover, the simplicity is another aspect that is advantageous to the concerned company
implementing this project method. The developers related to this programming technique are
used to creating very simple designs that can be improved or improvised any time without the
need for major changes and considerations.
Disadvantages:
The main disadvantages of the Extreme programming methods are that it is mainly used
for the implementation of program codes. It is not focused on the design aspects of the software.
This is the main disadvantage as the need for a successful design is required for software to
succeed in the market.
Moreover, the need for error documentation is needed for analyzing the defects in the
system. This is also another disadvantage as the extreme programming method fails to detect a
good documentation of the error. This can lead to grave constitutional error leading to project
losing its scope.

5SYSTEM DESIGNS
Adaptive methodology 3:
This section discusses about the UP (unified process) methodology.
Discussion:
This method is an iterative and popular method which is used to provide an extensive
framework for software methodologies (Klemeš 2013). The main working of this project method
includes customizing the frameworks to meet the required criteria of the concerned organizations
or companies.
Advantages:
The main advantages of this method are that the production rate is very high. As a result
the software is developed at a much quicker rate. Due to this, the flexibility of the software is
also increased and the requirements for changes in the progress are less costly.
The next advantage is the ease of removing errors and bugs from the software modules.
In addition, the customer requirements can be adjusted in a much efficient manner.
Disadvantages:
The main disadvantage is the need for planning and designs on the software process. In
addition, the process needs a complete analysis before the project can be initiated.
Furthermore, the cost needed for the completion of the project is much high which leads
to problems faced by business organizations or companies.
Recommendation:
Thus, it is recommended for the company to implement the scrum methodology to apply
in their business. It will help the business to streamline the software development process by

6SYSTEM DESIGNS
segmenting their teams into small groups which will negate the disadvantage of this
methodology.
Conclusion:
Thus, it is concluded from the report that the need for a software development
methodology is required by the company to successfully apply in their business operations. The
analysis made in this report concludes that the use of scrum methodology to apply in their
business will help the business to streamline the software development process. This can be done
by segmenting their teams into small groups which will negate the disadvantage of this
methodology.
Appendix:
Name of the author
Address
Phone number
Free Feet Socks Limited (FFSL)
Human computer interactions
Melbourne, Australia
Date:

7SYSTEM DESIGNS
Human computer interactions
Acronym
HCI
Alternate name
N/A
Main dependent constructs
Human computer interaction refers to the study of the interactions among the computers and the
common people. It is also used to identify the level of interaction among these two aspects.
Main independent constructs
The main principles of the human computer interaction technologies involve the use of activity
theory, user centered design and value centered designs. The activity theory is used to provide a
framework to be followed when developing a human computer interactive technology. The
major activities to be performed and the major considerations to include are provided in this
theory. The user centered designs is used to create a more practical designs which is used to get
the feel of user centric technology.
Concise description of the theory
The Free Feet Socks Limited (FFSL) is considering the adoption of a human computer
interactive technology. Human computer interaction refers to the study of the interactions among

8SYSTEM DESIGNS
the computers and the common people. It is also used to identify the level of interaction among
these two aspects. Basically the use of human computer interactions are used to develop user
interfaces to focus on the interactions among a computer and the people. Basically the use of
human computer interactions are used to develop user interfaces to focus on the interactions
among a computer and the people. The voice user interface (VUI) is one aspect of the human
computer interactions that is used for the speech recognitions and system development. Another
aspect is the GUI (graphical user interface) which is the new emerging field of the human
computer interactions. This is mainly used to enhance the experience of the users interacting
with these devices. It is thus recommended for the Free Feet Socks Limited (FFSL) to apply the
innovation of human gesture control in a way of achieving hand-controlled technology. This is
mainly done by using various application specific devices which converts the user inputs to
gesture commands. The main use of this device is to convert the gesture into program codes to
apply this innovation in existing devices. For example, the iGesture Pad is one such technology
that can be used to facilitate the human computer interactions processes. The process of this
technology is mainly includes the presence of an Ipad device. This device acts as the bridge
between the human inputs and the device interactions. A person places their hand on the device’s
application panel to issue the commands. The gesture taken is converted to actions for the
device. The main advantages of this method are that the production rate is very high. As a result
the software is developed at a much quicker rate.
Diagram:

9SYSTEM DESIGNS
(Source: Created by the author)
Seminal articles
Helander, M.G. ed., 2014. Handbook of human-computer interaction. Elsevier.
Lazar, J., Feng, J.H. and Hochheiser, H., 2017. Research methods in human-computer
interaction. Morgan Kaufmann.
Baecker, R.M. ed., 2014. Readings in Human-Computer Interaction: toward the year 2000.
Morgan Kaufmann.
Rautaray, S.S. and Agrawal, A., 2015. Vision based hand gesture recognition for human
computer interaction: a survey. Artificial Intelligence Review, 43(1), pp.1-54.
Considerations

10SYSTEM DESIGNS
Thus, it is requested from the respected authorities to allow the program developers to get the job
done. It is also requested to inform all the members to mark the date of project initiation. In
addition, it would be highly appreciated if the concerned authorities can provide the names of the
members who will be responsible for the development of this project.
In connection with the associated technologies, it is requested for the concerned authorities to
take care of the following aspects in project management:
 To take care of the gesture controlled technology
 To comply with the higher authorities regarding the adoption of such methods
 To get a team of managers to perform a cost assessment of the project
 To get a team of project managers to perform a time assessment required for the project
 To get a risk management study to develop the associated risks of this applications
In case of any questions, please do not have any hesitations in reaching out to me in the next
management meeting.
Thank you for your kind considerations in this matter.
Name of the Author

11SYSTEM DESIGNS
Question 3:
Fig: Event Table
(Source: Created by the author)

12SYSTEM DESIGNS
Question 4:
Fig: Domain model class diagram
(Source: Created by the author)

13SYSTEM DESIGNS
Question 5:
Fig: Design class diagram
(Source: Created by the author)

14SYSTEM DESIGNS
Question 6:
Fig: Use case diagram
Source: Created by the author
Question 7:
Use case: Creates customer

15SYSTEM DESIGNS
Number: 1
Overview: A retail store becomes a customer of the company
Description: In this case, the retail store has to fill up an application form which is to be
submitted to the company. The company reviews the various parameters including the Name,
Business number, Address, Telephone, Email, Application date, Discount level, Sales area, and
Date last visited.

16SYSTEM DESIGNS
References:
Abrahamsson, P., Salo, O., Ronkainen, J. and Warsta, J., 2017. Agile software development
methods: Review and analysis. arXiv preprint arXiv:1709.08439.
Abrahamsson, P., Salo, O., Ronkainen, J. and Warsta, J., 2017. Agile software development
methods: Review and analysis. arXiv preprint arXiv:1709.08439.
Baecker, R.M. ed., 2014. Readings in Human-Computer Interaction: toward the year 2000.
Morgan Kaufmann.
Dingsøyr, T., Nerur, S., Balijepally, V. and Moe, N.B., 2012. A decade of agile methodologies:
Towards explaining agile software development.
Dubois, D.J. and Tamburrelli, G., 2013, August. Understanding gamification mechanisms for
software development. In Proceedings of the 2013 9th Joint Meeting on Foundations of Software
Engineering (pp. 659-662). ACM.
Ghani, I. and Yasin, I., 2013. Software Security Engineering in Extreme Programming
Methodology: A Systematic Literature Review. Science International, 25(2).
Helander, M.G. ed., 2014. Handbook of human-computer interaction. Elsevier.
Klemeš, J.J. ed., 2013. Handbook of process integration (PI): minimisation of energy and water
use, waste and emissions. Elsevier.
Lazar, J., Feng, J.H. and Hochheiser, H., 2017. Research methods in human-computer
interaction. Morgan Kaufmann.

17SYSTEM DESIGNS
Leau, Y.B., Loo, W.K., Tham, W.Y. and Tan, S.F., 2012. Software development life cycle
AGILE vs traditional approaches. In International Conference on Information and Network
Technology(Vol. 37, No. 1, pp. 162-167).
Łukasiewicz, K. and Miler, J., 2012. Improving agility and discipline of software development
with the Scrum and CMMI. IET software, 6(5), pp.416-422.
Mahalakshmi, M. and Sundararajan, M., 2013. Traditional SDLC Vs Scrum Methodology–A
Comparative Study. International Journal of Emerging Technology and Advanced
Engineering, 3(6), pp.192-196.
Moniruzzaman, A.B.M. and Hossain, D.S.A., 2013. Comparative study on agile software
development methodologies. arXiv preprint arXiv:1307.3356.
Rautaray, S.S. and Agrawal, A., 2015. Vision based hand gesture recognition for human
computer interaction: a survey. Artificial Intelligence Review, 43(1), pp.1-54.
Sharma, S., Sarkar, D. and Gupta, D., 2012. Agile processes and methodologies: A conceptual
study. International journal on computer science and Engineering, 4(5), p.892.
Vijayasarathy, L.R. and Butler, C.W., 2016. Choice of software development methodologies: Do
organizational, project, and team characteristics matter?. IEEE Software, 33(5), pp.86-94.