Graded Porosity Lattice Design for Dental Implants Project

This project focuses on the design of dental implants using additive manufacturing techniques, specifically exploring the use of lattice structures with graded porosities to enhance osseointegration. The research begins with an introduction to dental implants and the objectives of the study, which include analyzing lattice structures, evaluating the need for dental implants, and ensuring proper implantation through advanced technologies. A literature review examines the factors influencing dental implant success, the biomechanical optimization of implant design, and the application of lattice structures. The research methodology employs a secondary data collection approach, gathering information from online journals and articles published between 2012 and 2019. The data analysis involves qualitative analysis, organizing the findings into themes such as the need for dental implants, the evaluation of lattice structures, and the effect of additive manufacturing on dental implantation. The study concludes that the optimal pore size for bone tissue integration lies between 500 and 1500 micrometers, and that the biological and mechanical properties of porous metal structures are crucial. Future work involves the optimization and design of cylindrical dental implants, which can be manufactured using 3D printers and used in experimental works, and the consideration of static analysis for implant design and optimization.

Design of additive manufactured
lattices with graded porosities for
dental implants

Introduction
• A dental implant is the
biocompatible surgical
element that is placed
in the jawbone for
supporting dental
prostheses that
include crowns,
denture replacements
and bridges.
• A 3D FEA model of the
jawbone segment has
been developed.

Aim and Objectives
• This research has aimed at focusing on utilizing the
concept of additive lattice production with graded
porosities for ensuring dental implantations.
• Objectives :
• To analyse concept of lattice structures in additive
manufacturing
• To critically analyze need of dental implants in medical
science and issues faced in this process
• To ensure proper dental implants with advanced
technologies and procedures including additive
manufacturing

Research Questions
Research Questions:
• What is the concept of lattice structures in additive
manufacturing?
• What is need of dental implants in medical science and
issues faced in this process?
• How to ensure proper dental implants with advanced
technologies and procedures including additive
manufacturing?

Literature Review
• The success rate of dental
implant always depends on
factors that include the
design of abutment and the
technique of abutment screw
in an implant.
• The direct 3D square,
tetrahedral, valuable stone
and the dodecahedron unit
cells have been incorporating
into points of reference

Design Optimization of Dental Implants
• Biomechanical optimization is
an essential part of the design
of dental implants.
• There has been an upgrade of
the osteoblast dental embed
framework, the utilization of
FEA and hereditary
calculation has been utilized
in the dental implant.

Lattice Structure
• The powder bed blend framework which is PBF and the
related composed technique of essentialness of the
explanation which is the DED are notable AM propels
which are utilized in the method of printing the metallic
orthopaedic additions.

Research Methodology
• This research has selected secondary method of data
collection.
• Therefore, data will be collected from online journals,
articles and books.
• There are 15 online journals selected from where data has
been collected.
• All journals are between years 2012 to 2019.

Timeline

Data Analysis
• Qualitative data analysis refers to an analysis of secondary
data collected for the research. In this research data has
been collected from secondary sources including online
journals, articles and books. There are three themes
created utilizing objectives of research.

Themes
• Theme 1: Need for dental implants in medical science and
issues faced in this process
• The modern teeth implants are based on a biological
process known as the osseointegration.
• Implantation of teeth is a surgical element that is
biocompatible and is placed in the jawbone to give support
to the dental prostheses including the crown, bridges and
the denture replacements.
• In today’s medical science, the implants are done by giving
materials that are solid and are covered with layers that
are biocompatible.

Theme 2: Evaluating the process of using lattice
structure with graded porosities in dental implantation
• It has been found that the bone loss happens because of the
mismatch that is in between the bone and the implant.
• But, the moduli that are elastic of the materials are higher
than the bone.
• The moduli that are present in the bones differ from 1-17
GPa.
• But, the GPA of the young modulus that is present in the
titanium is 110 GPa.

Theme 3: The effect of the lattice structure in
additive manufacturing of the dental
implantation
• Nonstochastic and stochastic are the two types in natures.
• Both of them are made by the structure of unit cell.
• The metallic materials are used to indicate introduction.
• This functionality is used as the supplements to bear the
trouble.
• The relative density, cell topology and the material all of
them are the three important parameters of the mechanical
properties.
• The PBF or the powder bed blend are the essential
techniques which are denoted as the DED.

Conclusion
• It is concluded that thorough examination and research has
been performed on the implantation of the sintered porous
titanium based on the parameters incorporating the sizes of
the pores and the porosity levels.
• The outcome of the analysis revealed that the optimal pore
size of the tissues of the bone lies in the range of 500 –
1500 micrometre, keeping into consideration both the
porosity levels. The biological and mechanical performance
exhibited by the metal structures that are porous in nature
constitutes certain contrasting characteristic aspects and
features. These incorporate the shape of the pore, size of
the pore and the distribution of the pores.

Future Work
• Optimization and design of a cylindrical dental implant
have been researched in this work with help of additively
manufactured lattice materials. The final optimized model
of implant can be printed by 3D printers and are used in
experimental works. Static analysis of dental implants has
been considered for implant design and optimization in
future work. The manufacturability of presented implant
has not been a part of this research, however, this can be
considered in the future works for evaluating feasibility
design and optimization.

References
• Ahmadi, S.M., Campoli, G., Yavari, S.A., Sajadi, B., Wauthlé, R., Schrooten, J., Weinans, H.
and Zadpoor, A.A., 2014. Mechanical behaviour of regular open-cell porous biomaterials
made of diamond lattice unit cells. Journal of the mechanical behaviour of biomedical
materials, 34, pp.106-115.
• Andani, M.T., Moghaddam, N.S., Haberland, C., Dean, D., Miller, M.J. and Elahinia, M.,
2014. Metals for bone implants. Part 1. Powder metallurgy and implant rendering. Acta
biomaterialia, 10(10), pp.4058-4070.
• Arabnejad, S., Johnston, R.B., Pura, J.A., Singh, B., Tanzer, M. and Pasini, D., 2016. High-
strength porous biomaterials for bone replacement: A strategy to assess the interplay
between cell morphology, mechanical properties, bone ingrowth and manufacturing
constraints. Acta biomaterialia, 30, pp.345-356.
• Ataee, A., Li, Y., Brandt, M. and Wen, C., 2018. Ultrahigh-strength titanium gyroid
scaffolds manufactured by selective laser melting (SLM) for bone implant
applications. Acta Materialia, 158, pp.354-368.
• Ataee, A., Li, Y., Fraser, D., Song, G. and Wen, C., 2018. Anisotropic Ti-6Al-4V gyroid
scaffolds manufactured by electron beam melting (EBM) for bone implant
applications. Materials & Design, 137, pp.345-354.