University Research Report: Social Media Among Adolescents and Careers

This report investigates the influence of social media on the career skill development of adolescents. It begins with an introduction highlighting the increasing prevalence of social media among young people and its potential impact on their future careers. A literature review examines existing research on social media usage, its impact on education, and its role in career development, including the use of platforms like YouTube, Instagram, Facebook, and LinkedIn. The research problem focuses on how social media influences adolescents in developing their career skills, with specific questions on both positive and negative impacts. The methodology section outlines the research design, approach, and data collection methods, including ethical considerations. The report then delves into the impact of social media on career development, including the benefits of skill-building, networking, and online presence, and also explores the negative effects, before concluding with a summary of the findings and recommendations.

Running head: SOCIAL MEDIA AMONG ADOLESCENTS
Social Media among Adolescents in Developing Career Skills
Name of the Student:
Name of the University:
Author’s Note:

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Table of Contents
Introduction......................................................................................................................................3
Literature Review............................................................................................................................3
Research Problem and Question......................................................................................................4
Literature review..............................................................................................................................6
Introduction..................................................................................................................................6
Social Media Platforms in the Present Age.................................................................................6
Social Media use that can Impact Career Skills among Adolescents..........................................7
Impact of Social Media for the Development of Career Skills...................................................8
Career Development of adolescents with Social Media Platforms...........................................9
Negative Impact of Social Media..............................................................................................10
Chapter 3: Research methodology.................................................................................................11
3.0 Overview..............................................................................................................................11
3.1 Research outline...................................................................................................................11
3.2 Research philosophy............................................................................................................11
3.3 Research approach...............................................................................................................12
3.4 Research design...................................................................................................................13
3.5 Research strategy.................................................................................................................14
3.6 Sampling size and sample technique...................................................................................14

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3.7 Data collection process........................................................................................................15
3.8 Data analysis technique.......................................................................................................16
3.9 Ethical considerations..........................................................................................................16
3.10 Accessibility issues............................................................................................................17
3.11 Summary............................................................................................................................17
Chapter 5: Conclusion...................................................................................................................18
References......................................................................................................................................20
Appendix........................................................................................................................................24
Survey questionnaire.................................................................................................................24

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Introduction
In today’s world the social networking sites realm have increased rapidly and various
scholars have started probing into the key aspects of social networking sites. It has been noticed
that the usage of social networking sites among the adolescents or college students is higher than
any other group of people. Besides, it can be said that the use of social media platform has turned
into a necessity for the teenagers.
This topic has interested our team because we wanted to research on a theme which influences
the future business. In the current scenario, social media platforms has a vital role in determining
the success of a business and adolescents being the next generation entrepreneurs, we as a team
wish to research on the impact these social networking platforms would have in developing the
career skills among the adolescents.
Literature Review
It has been researched that the modern forms of education in schools, colleges and
universities permits the students to use laptops and smart phones for changing the classroom
dynamics, staying organized and assessing learning (Park et al. 2009).
Another study was conducted by Ellen B Meier and Keol Lim (2012) that clearly
analyzed and provided an in-depth overview about the influence of social networking sites on the
Korean students. The entire study focus attention on how there is an increase of international
students getting admission in US universities. It constrained themselves for two specific
questions like how the international students use various social networking sites and how does
these students make out the influence of these sites on developing affective career skills?

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A research study by Moira Burke and Cameron Marlow (2011) named “Facebook as
social capital” gave special importance in distinguishing the uses and the users. According to
them, social networking sites are treated as an activity of monolithic.
Petter Bae Brandtzaeg and Jan Heim (2009) considered the key shape of impetus factors
that inspects the usage of social networking sites among college students. The researchers
critically found that the major subjective motivational reasons for using the social networking
sites are key attempts for understanding the use of choice, adoption, acceptance, and diffusion of
social networking sites mainly among the college students.
Nicole Ellison (2008) studies that social networking sites has great significance in
students for provoking the level of insights. The study specifically disclosed that about 85%
participants are active in more than one social networking site which shows that there has been a
significant increase in using these sites in the past couple of years.
Research Problem and Question
Over the past decade, many research studies have been conducted all around the globe for
investigating how the social networking sites may influence the adolescents in development of
career skills. This is the research problem that we intend to address that would prolifically
facilitate a clear overview about the distinctive dimensions of influence of social networking
sites in adolescents in developing their career skills.
Thus the research focuses on the following Primary question:
 How do social media influence adolescents in developing their career skills?
Also, the following sub-questions will be looked into:

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 What are the positive impacts of social media to develop career skills in adolescents?
What are the negative impacts of social media to develop career skills in adolescents

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Literature review
Introduction
Social media is now an integral part of lives of the adolescents. The adolescents in the
present age use social media platforms like Youtube, Instagram, Facebook, Snap chat, twitter
along with LinkedIn that helps them in staying connected with the world. Since the last decade
the use of social media is increasing rapidly throughout the world, especially among adolescents.
Evidently social media have become an integral part of the lives of these youth (Gemmill and
Peterson 2006).Around 95 % of the teenagers have access to smart phone and 45 % admit to the
fact that they stay online constantly (Moreno et al. 2015). Adolescents in the present age make
use of the social media platforms so that they can develop their career skills. The adolescents can
nurture their career skills with the help of a variety of social media platforms like Youtube and
Instagram that helps them in developing their professional career. This will drastically help them
in developing their time management and inter personal skills. Communication with the friends
along with the family causes the adolescents all over the world to make use of technology. Social
media has emerged to become an important aspect in lives of adolescents in Western countries as
it helps them in sharing the interests and exploring the identities. It helps them in staying
connected to the global communities on the basis of their interests. This literature review throws
light on the role that is played by social media for developing the career skills among the
adolescents.
Social Media Platforms in the Present Age
There are various kinds of social media platforms in the modern age like Facebook,
Twitter, LinkedIn, Google +, You tube, Pinterest along with Instagram. Facebook has more than

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1.59 billion monthly active users that helps in connecting people across the world (Huda et al.
2017).Business in the present age makes use of Twitter so that they can carry out interaction with
the prospective clients. LinkedIn is another social media platform that is used for the purpose of
professional networking. It helps in connecting the people who are from similar industries and it
helps in displaying the business related information along with the statistics. The Search Engine
Optimization (SEO) value of Google + has helped it in becoming popular in the present age that
caters to the need of the small business. YouTube is the name of a social media website that is
video-based and is hugely popular among the young generation. According to Gandini(2016),
the social media platform of Pinterest makes use of the digital bulletin boards that helps the
business in pinning the content. Instagram is a visual social media platform which has various
kinds of filters along with photo editing features. Since this platforms uses pictures to describe
their ideas it attracts a major portion of the youngsters.
Social Media use that can Impact Career Skills among Adolescents
Social media tools have become accessible over the Internet in present era and they can
easily be accessed with the help of various kinds of Smartphone applications. It has been argued
by Yonker et al.(2015), that the social media helps the adolescents in the arena of social
comparison along with self-disclosure that has made them popular now a days. The adolescents
can share the information with other people by collecting the information using social media
platform. According to Weinstein(2018), the adolescents take recourse to the platform in social
media for the purpose of impression management. It helps the adolescents in highlighting the
positive aspects in relation to their self-esteem and it minimizes the characteristics that are
thought of to be unattractive in the society. Moreover it has been found that the use of Social
media is helpful for curing some psychological problems including low life-satisfaction and low

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self-esteem (Ellison 2017).There are various kinds of new social media platforms like the
Snapchat, Instagram along with Tumblr that helps in the development of youth. Social media is
used by the youth for various kinds of adolescent development task that is inclusive of identity
development along with aspiration development (Vermeulen, Vandebosch and Heirman 2018).
The adolescents strive for the aspect of the autonomy that makes them take recourse to the social
media platforms. It can help the adolescents in getting the social support and provides them with
the opportunity in relation to the self-disclosure.
Impact of Social Media for the Development of Career Skills
There are various sort of benefits that are achieved by the adolescents’ especially the
college students in searching necessary information about career development skills (Madge et
al. 2009). The social media websites helps in highlighting personality traits which the employers
want to see. It makes the job seekers more conscious about their aptitudes along with the abilities
and helps them in sharpening their skill set. According to Bond (2016), the potential employers
look for experience along with qualifications in the present era and social media platforms helps
in connecting the employer with that of the employee. According to de Vries et al. (2016), it can
help the adolescents in knowing about the opportunities of volunteering work that can help in
building the skill set of the adolescents. It also helps them to engage in volunteering work in any
kind of organization which enables them to develop their professional skills for a long term. It
has been stated by Bányai et al. (2017), that social media pages can be used by the adolescents in
demonstrating their written communication skills that proves to be of great help for the
adolescents. Social media is used by the adolescents in promotion of the industry-related blog
post that great serves their interests in the modern era (Sajid 2016). It can also help in engaging
themselves with various kinds of industries that proves to be beneficial for the adolescents living

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all over the world. The adolescents can research the companies where they want to work which
proves to be of great benefit for their future (Özgür 2016).
Career Development of adolescents with Social Media Platforms
According to Vitak (2008) there are various reasons as to why individuals use Social
media. Social media encourage sociability and social interaction (Keenan and Shirile 2009).In
addition to that, the usage of social media can help in building communication skills among the
adolescents that can prove to be advantageous for them. These youngsters can gain knowledge in
relation to the various subjects that can help in their professional development. Social media can
help in strengthening the aspects of friendship that can help in consolidating the knowledge of
the adolescents. Donna Reid and Fraser Reid (2004) focused on how Social media can positively
impact interpersonal communication. The study states that adolescents were found to be more
likely to discuss their “real-self” through social media compared to other means of
communication. It appears that there is something special about Social media that allow
adolescents to develop their interpersonal relationship with others .Through social media
adolescents tend to maintain their interpersonal relationship with their online friends. This can
make them feel empowered and can help them in making connection with the world. The voices
of the adolescents can be heard with the help of the social media that can help them in
sharpening their skills.
Social media helps the adolescents in the arena of the genuine relationship-building that
proves to be of great help for the youngsters in their career development (Chassiakos et al.
2016). Social media can train the adolescents in the area of copy writing along with public
speaking that can prove to be of great help in landing themselves in their area of interest. It can
help in the development of online presence of an individual which motivates them in the arena of

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job search (Radovic et al. 2017). It can also help the people in posting the job offers and job
requirements which simultaneously help the adolescents in finding suitable job based on their
qualification. Social media helps the employers in reviewing the profile of the candidates that
can aid in the professional development of the individuals in the society. The vital social media
platform used for Job hunting is LinkedIn.
Negative Impact of Social Media
Social media makes people vulnerable to the acts of cyber bullying. The adolescents
become prone to cyber bullying that takes their mind away from their career. Personal data along
with the privacy of the individuals can be hacked very easily, which can lead to loss of privacy
and also increase their stress level and lead them to depression (Vannucci, Flannery and
Ohannessian 2017). Facebook accounts along with personal Twitter accounts of the individuals
can be hacked that can prove to be detrimental for the adolescents in the modern era of
technology (Cookingham and Ryan 2015).

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Chapter 3: Research methodology
3.0 Overview
This chapter developed comprises of different types of methodological tools that are in
existence followed by mentioning, defining and justifying their selection for determining how
social media platforms influence adolescents in developing their career skills. The chapter is
developed in accordance with the research topic “Social media among adolescents in developing
career skills” and listing selected methodologies those are used for achieving the research aim
and objectives.
3.1 Research outline
For conducting the research on topic, “Social media among adolescents in developing
career skills”, positivism, deductive approach, descriptive design and interview research strategy
has been used. Based on the aforementioned selected methodologies, 5 adolescents were selected
using non-probability sampling technique for gathering adequate data using primary data
collection process and using qualitative data analysis technique.
3.2 Research philosophy
Research philosophy is defined as the methodological tool that is used for research
gathering data using relevant information, data validity and reliability. One branch of research
philosophy is epistemology. Epistemology mainly deals with nature, possibilities, sources and
limitations in the field of the selected research topic. On the other hand, epistemology is also
regarded as the study that follows the criteria by which the researcher can decide what does and
does not include in the study. Therefore, epistemology emphasizes on what is known to be true
and is opposite of ontology. Epistemology has many branches such as essentialism, historical,

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idealism, constructivism and rationalism. Once a specific epistemology is selected, specific
research method needs to be implemented. Epistemology is necessary for undertaking research
because this helps in collecting relevant information for achieving research aim and objectives.
Positivism philosophy has been used for this research because this allowed used facts and
logic about social media thereby, making suitable quantifiable observations about the positive
and negative impact of the platform in developing career skills for adolescents. As a result, the
observations made can be supported by suitable numerical and statistical data (Kumar 2019).
3.3 Research approach
Selection of appropriate research approaches is necessary because this provides an
opportunity for using suitable information for proving the research aim and objectives. There are
three types of research approaches those can be used while undertaking a research. They are
inductive, deductive and abductive research approaches. For inductive approach, new theories
and concepts are developed based on the observations made whereas in deductive approach
based on existing theories and concepts suitable observations are made. For abductive approach,
premises are used for generating testable conclusions.
For this study, deductive approach has been used that allowed referring to previously
conducted studies, concepts and information about social media platforms and their impact on
developing career skills thereby, determining how social media influence adolescents in
developing their career skills. As a result, the opinions of different authors can be compared and
contrasted that help incorporating in-depth and critical information. Additionally, deductive
approach is used because this provides an opportunity to explain the possible and casual
relationships between social media usage and developing career skills among adolescents. As a

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result, the concepts of social media and its role in developing career skills for the adolescents
(Mackey and Gass 2015).
3.4 Research design
The research design defines the type of research or study that is determined by
considering the research topic. There are three types of research designs those are widely used
while commencing with any research. The different types of research designs are descriptive,
explanatory and exploratory. As the research design indicates, exploratory research design
signifies exploring or identifying the issues pertinent in the selected research topic. Identifying
the issues in the selected topic using exploratory research design allows developing the problem
statement of the selected research topic based on which the research is conducted with the aim of
bridging the gap.
On the other hand, as the explanatory research design indicates, this design allows
explaining the potential reasons that give rise to the issues identified in the research topic. The
third type of research design is known as descriptive design that highlights the combined
characteristics of both exploratory and explanatory research designs. As a result, using
descriptive research design allows identifying the issues and the reasons that led to the
development of the issues.
Descriptive design has been used for determining the influence of social media on
adolescents in developing their career skills. Using descriptive design allowed identifying the
negative impacts of using social media on adolescents along with finding the reasons that led to
the negative impacts of using social media in career developing skills (Taylor, Bogdan and
DeVault 2015).

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3.5 Research strategy
There are four types of research strategies those are used for conducting the any
research. The four research strategies are action research, survey, interview and case study.
Survey and interview are the two most preferred research strategies those are used for conducting
researches that requires the use. For survey research strategy, information and data is collected
from a specific population that is large. Survey research strategy is highly facilitated as its offers
several advantages such as cost and time efficiency, flexible and easily administered. On the
other hand, interview also indicates collecting relevant information from a small population and
asking them questions for gathering necessary information. On the other hand, case study
research strategy refers to referring to similar researches conducted in the past and gathering
relevant information. Action research strategy is defined as the research strategy that aim
towards solving a problem immediately by relying on individuals and considering the
information and data shared by them.
Interview research strategy has been used for determining the influence of social media
on adolescents in developing career skills. Using interview research strategy has been used
because interview allowed obtaining useful and detailed information by communicating with the
respondents personally and gathering their perceptions and opinions. Additionally, interview
research strategy facilitated asking more detailed questions and ensure higher response rate from
the adolescents and knowing the impact of social media on developing their career skills (Flick
2015).
3.6 Sampling size and sample technique
Using appropriate sampling technique is necessary because the samples are the ones from
whom relevant data and information is collected for undertaking the research. The two types of

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sampling technique are probability and non-probability sampling techniques. In probability
sampling technique, all the individuals within the selected population have equal chances of
being selected in the data collecting process. However, on the other hand, in non-probability
sampling technique, the individuals of the selected population does not have equal chances to be
selected in the data collection process but instead is selected by the researcher by judging their
suitability.
Non-probability sampling technique has been the most-suited because this allowed the
researcher to selected specific adolescents to take part in the data collection process and share
their views and opinions about using social media and developing skills required for their career.
As a result, all the adolescents in the selected population can be communicated personally for
obtaining information and data about social media, its positive and negative impacts on
adolescents in developing skills required for their career. Out of the selected population of the
adolescents, 5 adolescents were selected by the researcher for gathering required data on the
selected research topic (Neuman and Robson 2014).
3.7 Data collection process
Primary data collection process has been used because this allowed the researcher to
collect data for the first time from the adolescents and figuring out their opinions about the
impact of social media in developing their career skills. As a result, recent and updated
information can be gathered that helped in developing a research with recent data (Alvesson and
Skoldberg 2017).

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3.8 Data analysis technique
The two types of data analysis techniques include quantitative and qualitative data
analysis technique. As the name indicates, quantitative data analysis technique is defined as the
analysis technique where the opinions and views of the respondents are analyzed by considering
the numerical, averages and percentages. Figures are the basis of the quantitative data analysis
technique where interpretations are made by explaining the values obtained and explaining
numbers obtained suitably. On the other hand, qualitative data analysis emphasizes on analyzing
the content that is collected from the respondents. The contents gathered can be analyzed by
developing relevant themes and coding (Ledford and Gast 2018).
Qualitative data analysis technique has been used because this allowed determining the
views and opinions of the selected adolescents’ population in terms of content shared by them in
analyzing the role of social media for developing career skills in adolescents. The qualitative
data analysis technique is presented in terms of themes those are developed in related to the
research topic and gathering required information from relevant sources (Bresler and Stake
2017).
3.9 Ethical considerations
Ethical considerations are an integral part of successful completion of research and this
research is no different. Data confidentiality is one of the significant research ethics that needs to
be followed under which the identity and the information shared by them should be kept
confidential and not disclosed under any circumstances. Therefore, the identity of the
interviewees and the opinion shared by them in terms of the impact of social media in developing
career skills needs to be kept confidential, as this intends to reduce biasness and conflicts due to
difference in opinions. Another ethical consideration that needs compliance for completing the

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research successfully is willing participation of the interviewees or the adolescents. According to
this ethics, the researcher had to make the selected adolescents sign the consent form before
interviewing them so that they cannot claim afterwards that they were forced to share their
opinion in completing the research. Other significant research ethics that need compliance are
collecting data from authentic sources and prohibition of data manipulation, not harming the
surrounding environment and using the collected information only for academic purposes. As a
result, it can be ensured that data gathered for conducting the research “Social Media among
Adolescents in Developing Career Skills” are authentic and are not manipulated. Hence, this
research can be used as a reliable and valid source of secondary source for the future researchers
(Ledford and Gast 2018).
3.10 Accessibility issues
The two accessibility issues those hindered the progress of the research are budget and
time. Due to limited time, the researcher had to rush the research that limited the opportunity of
extensive research as well as limited budget restricted accessing highly relevant information due
to payment criteria.
3.11 Summary
Therefore, in this chapter, it can be summarized that most suitable and appropriate
research methods have been selected and used for undertaking the research and achieving the
formulated research aim and objectives successfully.

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Chapter 5: Conclusion
From the information provided in the above chapters, it can be concluded that social
media has gained immense popularity among the adolescents. Over the past years, the use of
social media has increased drastically due to the different benefits it has to offer for the users and
adolescents are no different. The social media platforms are used for various purposes across the
world, as using it allows communication and connection irrespective of time and location. The
different social media platforms are Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat, LinkedIn, Twitter and
YouTube. Among the different social media platforms, LinkedIn is a social media platform that
is used for the purpose of professional networking. However, the gap in this research that has
been identified is that previously research has not been conducted that provided an opportunity to
determine the influence of social media among adolescents in developing their career skills.
Both positive and negative impact of using social media has been discussed in the
literature review and in the data analysis section. This indicates that using social media as the
platform for developing career skills for the adolescents can be both beneficial and detrimental
for the selected age group. The positive impact of using social media for developing career skills
for the adolescents include improving career skills, ability to manage impression, curing
psychological problems, gaining social support, connecting with desired employers and
developing copy writing and public speaking ability successfully. However, the negatives of
using social media among the adolescents cannot be neglected in spite of the existing positives.
The negative impacts of using social media among the adolescents are cyber bulling, depression,
security and privacy issues and increased stress.

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Additionally, from the data analysis, it can also be inferred that the adolescents believe
that social media platform can be used effectively for developing career skills and have both
positive and negative impacts. They feel that it comes various advantages and the most common
one is connecting with desired employers followed by improving communication skills and
gaining social support. Additionally, curing psychological issues, developing copy writing and
public speaking and managing impression are also possible. However, they feel it comes with
potential disadvantages such as cyber bullying, increased stress, depression and hacking of
personal information resulting in security and privacy issues. Therefore, the adolescents feel that
using social media platform have both positive and negative influence on developing their career
skills.

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Appendix
Survey questionnaire
Topic: How social media influence adolescents in developing their career skills?
Demographic questions
Gender
Male
Female
Age group
13-14 years
15-16 years
17-18 years
How long do you spend in social media platforms each day?
Less than an hour
More than an hour
More than 5 hours
More than 10 hours
Which social media platform do you use frequently?

25SOCIAL MEDIA AMONG ADOLESCENTS
Facebook
LinkedIn
Twitter
Snapchat
Instagram
YouTube
Objective questions
Do you view social media platform as a platform for developing career skills?
Yes
No
Maybe
What kind of impact social media have on career developing skills?
Positive
Negative
Both
What are the positive impacts of using social media for developing career skills?
Impression management

26SOCIAL MEDIA AMONG ADOLESCENTS
Communication skills
Curing psychological problems
Gaining social support
Connecting to desired employers
Copy writing and public speaking
Does the positive impact of using social media help adolescents in developing career skills?
Yes
No
Maybe
What are the negative impacts of using social media for developing career skills?
Cyber bullying
Depression
Security and privacy issues
Increased stress
Do the negative impacts of using social media affect career developing skills largely?
Yes
No

27SOCIAL MEDIA AMONG ADOLESCENTS
Maybe