Psychological Approaches to Healthcare: A Case Study of Dave and Jenny

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Psychological Approaches to Care
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Essay:
The assignment explains the theory of the human development theory which based on
the character of the Dave and Jenney who are a married couple. The report provides
the various theories of the development which give the learning of the comparison
between the theories and select the accurate theory which is beneficial for the
mentioned case study. The theories based on the health care professional so that
improvise human behaviour and develop their lifestyle. The health care and human
development is the main elements which need to be enhanced by the effective
development theory. The support of the theories provides the learning of the personal
development of each so that improvise the family circuit. These theories also give aid to
develop the life of the individual so that influence the life of the family members in an
effective manner. Alternatively, human behaviour, health, and lifestyle of the individual
influence and develop with the help of the health care professional and development
theories.
According to the study of the Levinson’s theory, the human development is based
on the various perspectives but if the person is in the various relations like father,
mother, husband, wife than it should be necessary to maintain the behaviour
accordingly to enhance the good lifestyle. The Daniel Levinson is the psychologist who
develops the comprehensive theory for the adults and provides the seasons of the life
which growth the stages of life (Aktu and İlhan, 2017). Each stage of life is lead to the
next life stage of the individual so that it is necessary to maintain the life stage
according to the requirement of the age. So, this theory explains the seven stages of the
human which elaborate on the behaviour of the individual. The Jenney is 18 years old
when she gets married, so this is ideal age such as 17-22 to get enter in the serious
relations and leave home it means Jenney take the best decision in that age. In the age
stage of 22-28, the human is capable to decide according to the lifestyle and values
which based on the family, so it is necessary for Dave to decide to not to explain the
diseases of the Jenney to their Child (Johnson, 2018). In the age of 28-33, the human
having the serious relations as well plan to increase the family through having children,
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so there are some changes in the human behaviour as well psychological changes in
the human being.
The Jenney is having the chronic disease which may lose their life, so it is
necessary for Dave to build their self-confidence and develop the person depending
effectively. So, it is also necessary for the Jenney to understand the lifestyle of their
child so that child does not get affected by any kind of shocking element ( Perry, et. al.,
2018). This theory of adult development of the Levinson explains that each age phase
has the understanding accordingly, so it is necessary to understand their need in the
perspective of the family growth. The Jenney faces the depression phase which directly
impacts on the family so that it is necessary for the Jenney to improvise their health with
the help of the best health care professional and focus on the upbringing of their
children (Swanson, 2017). According to the learning of the Levinson theory, another
part of the theory also provides the learning that each stage of the life has the two types
of the period which need to be developed in the human behaviour of the Jenney and
Dave. The first one is Stable period which needs to be maintained in each situation
which faced by the person. The Jenney and Dave develop the stability in the behaviour
such as do not show anything to the family and build a good habit in the child and
another family member that improvise the lifestyle process. Another period is
transitional which explain that changing of the stage should happen and need to make
the changes in the behaviour like maturity so that person decides with the maturity to
develop the lifestyle.
In comparison, the Sheridan’ theory which explains the health care professional to
progress the health condition of the Jenney accordingly in the growing age. This theory
is helpful to develop the physical development in the depth of the health of the Jenney.
This theory develops the lifestyle awareness in the Jenney and provides the learning
that Jenney needs to take sufficient treatment, so that improvise the health condition
and develop the life (Mann-Feder and Goyette, 2019). The malignant tumour is the kind
of disease which related to cancer and harms the individual life, so it is necessary for
the Dave and Jenney to build the strong believe and guide the family to develop
properly. There are various stages of the development and Jenney and Dave in the five-
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stage which explain the social behaviour which is an important stage for the couple. The
Jenney is ready to enter in the next stage of the life, but right now she is suffering from
the chronicle diseases which impact on their mental stage of the person. So, the
Sheridan theory is helpful to improvise the physical perspective of the person so Jenney
can improvise their mental condition and take away from the depression phase to focus
on the life of their family (Pattee, 2017). Dave and Jenney need to develop their lifestyle
in terms of emotions, behaviour and the social way so that they can face the issues and
grow their child in a happy environment.
The theory of Sheridan explains that this is necessary to improvise the social
behaviour in the person such as Jenney and Dave maintain the social life and behave
normally so that society accept their existence and give the emotional support in their
hard times. The Jenney implements this theory in their lifestyle to come out from the
depression mode and accept the variation of social life (Rabkina, et. al., 2017). The
adulthood development needs to happen in the Jenney and Dave, so that maintain the
social life with the maturity behaviour. The emotional development as well as
implements in the Jenney so that child growth in the development family. The Jenney
should be sensible and behave maturely to properly handling their child and focus on
the upbringing on their child so that family develops properly. This theory is helpful for
the Jenney as well as Dave to develop the social behaviour in each person to handle
the situation with maturity.
The human development theory of Erikson was developed by a stage theorist
named Erik Erikson as the modification of Freud’s theory of controversial into the form
of a psychological theory. This development theory entails the eight key stages that
assist an individual as growing into a successful member of society. Further, this theory
provides a psychological conflict at every stage of development which requires
successful overcoming for getting transformed into a healthy adult. Erikson’s theory
believes that on the successful completion of every stage of development, an individual
attains the healthy personality along with the sense of competence. However, contrary
to this, failure leads to the development of negative feelings such as inadequacy
(Robinson, et. al., 2017). The stages of Erikson’s development theory initiate with trust
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vs. mistrust (birth to 12 months), autonomy vs. shame for 1 to 3 years of age, initiative
vs. guilt for 3 to 6 years and fourth stage implies the industry vs. inferiority for the age
group of 6-12 years. Moreover, the fifth stage states the identity vs. role confusion for
12-18 years of age, following the intimacy vs. isolation for early adulthood including the
age of 20s to 40s. The seventh stage implied the generativity vs. stagnation for the 40s
to mid-60s and concluded with the integrity vs. disparity in the age of above mid-60s.
Jenny got married at the age of 18 years which belongs to identity vs. role
confusion. Not only had this, but she also got four months pregnant when she married
Dave. At this stage, the individual put efforts for the development of self-sense. The
children attempt for fitting into suitable roles and ideas and sets the career and life
goals. Instead of identity development, Jenny got married to Dave that shows her failure
at this stage (Gilleard, and Higgs, 2016). However, for sharing our lives with other
people, the most suitable age implies between the 20s and 40s. Jenny was unable to
develop a positive self-concept at the correct stage that has led putting herself into
emotional loneliness and isolation. The theory states clearly that it is necessary to have
successful completion of previous stages so that the positive intimacy or loving
relationship becomes fruitful for the individual.
Failure in identity vs. role confusion stage has led to the difficulty for Jenny in the
development of a loving relationship. Contrary to this, it can be seen that she has
developed such a loving relationship with her husband and children that she thought her
illness would hamper the happiness of her family. Her illness would affect adversely the
stage of generativity vs. stagnation where an individual derives the productive work that
leads to a positive contribution within the society (Dambudzo, 2015). She would be
unable to do so, and the feeling of unworthiness and valueless would be developed that
would lead to the little connection with the family and outer world. This would result at
the end of life with negative feelings such as despair, bitterness, hate, and depression.
Apart from this, she feels that her illness would affect negatively on her family members
and develop stress, and tension in their minds. This theory would not be sufficient for
the health and social care practitioners for the evaluation of the development of Jenny
which implies the utilisation of more theories.
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Vaillant’s theory of human development implies the fulfillment of key six life tasks for
the purpose of transforming a mature person into an adult. The theory was developed
by Psychiatrist George Vaillant after working on more than 750 men and women
spanning 60 years. The key life tasks depicted in Vaillant’s theory are comprised of
identity development, intimacy development, career consolidation, generativity,
transforming into the meaning keeper, and at last the achievement of integrity. The
tasks in Vaillant’s theory are mostly similar to the stages of Erikson’s human
development theory except for the additional task of career consolidation as well as a
meaning keeper (Pao, 2017). The task of career consolidation had been integrated
between the stages of intimacy and generativity of Erikson’s theory.
On the other hand, the task of transformation into the meaning keeper was developed
between the stages of generativity and stagnation. Career consolidation involves
seeking a career and developing competence, commitment, and contentment in that
field of work. The transformation into the keeper of the meaning implies passing on the
past culture as well as traditions to the future generation.
Dave has been working as a builder from the last 20 years which shows that he is
lying at the stage of career consolidation as he has attained the competence in this
employment. After hearing the news of redundancies, he has started feeling concerned
towards his wife, children, and ill mother as well due to unsecured economic condition.
Initiating from the identity development task, Dave had developed its identity by getting
separated from his parents and attaining a job as a builder. After this, he married Jenny
at the age of 21 years when she was four months pregnant (Spreen, 2015). This implies
that he established an intimate relationship with his wife after developing an identity in
society. Following the career consolidation, Dave would have to give up the control and
guiding others for the betterment such as mentoring or volunteering. Dave would
become the meaning keeper by transferring the traditions and culture in the next
generation. At the last stage of integrity achievement, Dave would attain the feeling of
unity and peace regarding his own life and the world.
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The health care practitioners can use this theory for demonstrating the development
of Dave in psychological terms. Vaillant’s theory is the most suitable for Dave as he has
gone through all the stages of the theory whether its identity development, career
consolidation, or intimacy development. Using this theory, health care practitioners can
provide guidance and support to Dave regarding his development. His career
consolidation would help in providing identity to his children and wife as well. Past
culture and traditions would affect positively on the lifestyle and personality of his
children Peter and Chandelle (Wrzus, and Roberts, 2017). The overall development of
Dave can be analysed by the health and social care practitioners using the development
theory of Vaillant as it would provide sufficient information about Dave.
It concluded from the above essay that there are various development theories, but
the accurate adulthood and individual development theory gives aid to improvise the
various factors of the progression of the family. The Jenney and Dave are the main
characters of the essay who get suffered from the bad phase of life due to Jenney face
the disease of Malignant tumour which impacts on the mental condition of both the
people. Dave and Jenney spend a happy life, but after knowing this disease, both of
them faces the depression that how to manage the family, so some adulthood theories
give aid to encourage their lifestyle and spend the happy life accordingly. Each theory
has their perspective and different kind of factors which elaborate both the element such
as positive and negative. The essay provides the learning of the Erikson stages of
psychosocial development theory which gives aid to develop the childhood to adulthood
that explains the 8 stages of the people to develop their psychosocial perspective. This
theory of the adolescence gives the aid to improvise the behavioural and emotional
perspective of the human in terms to grow the lifestyle of the individual. Alternatively,
Vaillant theory based on the 6 tasks which explain the adult development theory that
related to the lifestyle of men and women to maintain their maturity as the main pillar of
the family. The essay also provides the learning of Levinson’s theory which based on
the season of life theory which gives aid to grow the stages on the human in their daily
lifestyle. The essay also provides the learning of Thomas Sheridan’s theory which gives
aid to improvise the relationship between the individual and improvise the health care
professional. This theory is helpful for both the person to develop their parenting
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behaviour, so that grow their child in the healthy environment of the family and do not
harm the emotions of the child. This theory gives the aid to both the individual to strong
emotions and invents believe in spending the life more happily and giving the support to
each other in the hard phase of the life which is helpful for the constant development in
the life cycle.
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References:
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Period Based on Levinson's Theory. Educational Sciences: Theory and Practice, 17(4),
pp.1383-1403.
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to explain Tony’s and Jo’s identity, using a thematic analysis of a semi-structured
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 Gilleard, C. and Higgs, P., 2016. Connecting life span development with the
sociology of the life course: A new direction. Sociology, 50(2), pp.301-315.
 Johnson, J., 2018. Transitioning into Career Success: A Grounded Study on the
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 Spreen, L. M., 2015. The 6 Stages of Successful Adulthood. [Online]
Anyshinything.com. Available at: https://anyshinything.com/agingwell/the-6-stages-of-
adulthood [Accessed on March 26, 2019]
 Swanson, K.J., 2017. The church’s masculine maturity crisis: A biblical
theological worldview alternative to Arnett’s emerging adulthood theory.
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